diff --git a/plugins/convention/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/convention/DefaultClassFinder.java b/plugins/convention/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/convention/DefaultClassFinder.java
index bd947f7b8..09bd431d9 100644
--- a/plugins/convention/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/convention/DefaultClassFinder.java
+++ b/plugins/convention/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/convention/DefaultClassFinder.java
@@ -333,23 +333,6 @@ public class DefaultClassFinder implements ClassFinder {
         return classes;
     }
 
-    private static List<URL> getURLs(ClassLoaderInterface classLoader, String[] dirNames) {
-        List<URL> urls = new ArrayList<>();
-        for (String dirName : dirNames) {
-            try {
-                Enumeration<URL> classLoaderURLs = classLoader.getResources(dirName);
-                while (classLoaderURLs.hasMoreElements()) {
-                    URL url = classLoaderURLs.nextElement();
-                    urls.add(url);
-                }
-            } catch (IOException ioe) {
-                LOG.error("Could not read directory [{}]", dirName, ioe);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return urls;
-    }
-
     private List<String> file(URL location) {
         List<String> classNames = new ArrayList<>();
         File dir = new File(URLDecoder.decode(location.getPath()));
diff --git a/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/el/parser/AstIdentifier.java b/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/el/parser/AstIdentifier.java
index cba4f2e24..7cc120ee5 100644
--- a/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/el/parser/AstIdentifier.java
+++ b/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/el/parser/AstIdentifier.java
@@ -87,23 +87,6 @@ public final class AstIdentifier extends SimpleNode {
         ctx.getELResolver().setValue(ctx, null, this.image, value);
     }
 
-    private final Object invokeTarget(EvaluationContext ctx, Object target,
-            Object[] paramValues) throws ELException {
-        if (target instanceof MethodExpression) {
-            MethodExpression me = (MethodExpression) target;
-            return me.invoke(ctx.getELContext(), paramValues);
-        } else if (target == null) {
-            throw new MethodNotFoundException("Identity '" + this.image
-                    + "' was null and was unable to invoke");
-        } else {
-            throw new ELException(
-                    "Identity '"
-                            + this.image
-                            + "' does not reference a MethodExpression instance, returned type: "
-                            + target.getClass().getName());
-        }
-    }
-
     public Object invoke(EvaluationContext ctx, Class[] paramTypes,
             Object[] paramValues) throws ELException {
         return this.getMethodExpression(ctx).invoke(ctx.getELContext(), paramValues);
diff --git a/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/jasper/compiler/Dumper.java b/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/jasper/compiler/Dumper.java
index 1209eff7c..13dead792 100644
--- a/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/jasper/compiler/Dumper.java
+++ b/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/jasper/compiler/Dumper.java
@@ -43,14 +43,6 @@ class Dumper {
 	    System.out.print(str);
 	}
 
-	private void printString(String prefix, char[] chars, String suffix) {
-	    String str = null;
-	    if (chars != null) {
-		str = new String(chars);
-	    }
-	    printString(prefix, str, suffix);
-	}
-	     
 	private void printString(String prefix, String str, String suffix) {
 	    printIndent();
 	    if (str != null) {
diff --git a/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/jasper/compiler/Generator.java b/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/jasper/compiler/Generator.java
index 075f4de17..6a8ab7272 100644
--- a/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/jasper/compiler/Generator.java
+++ b/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/jasper/compiler/Generator.java
@@ -711,16 +711,6 @@ class Generator {
         }
     }
 
-    /*
-     * Generates the constructor. (shared by servlet and tag handler preamble
-     * generation)
-     */
-    private void generateConstructor(String className) {
-        out.printil("public " + className + "() {");
-        out.printil("}");
-        out.println();
-    }
-
     /**
      * A visitor that generates codes for the elements in the page.
      */
diff --git a/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/jasper/compiler/SmapUtil.java b/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/jasper/compiler/SmapUtil.java
index 57d3c16e2..479cc63ff 100644
--- a/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/jasper/compiler/SmapUtil.java
+++ b/plugins/embeddedjsp/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/jasper/compiler/SmapUtil.java
@@ -179,14 +179,6 @@ public class SmapUtil {
         return path.substring(path.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns a file path corresponding to a potential SMAP input
-     * for the given compilation input (JSP file).
-     */
-    private static String inputSmapPath(String path) {
-        return path.substring(0, path.lastIndexOf('.') + 1) + "smap";
-    }
-
     //*********************************************************************
     // Installation logic (from Robert Field, JSR-045 spec lead)
     private static class SDEInstaller {