diff --git a/config/src/main/java/org/springframework/security/config/annotation/web/configurers/oauth2/client/OAuth2LoginConfigurer.java b/config/src/main/java/org/springframework/security/config/annotation/web/configurers/oauth2/client/OAuth2LoginConfigurer.java
index 98c13bf40b..082b8e4fc9 100644
--- a/config/src/main/java/org/springframework/security/config/annotation/web/configurers/oauth2/client/OAuth2LoginConfigurer.java
+++ b/config/src/main/java/org/springframework/security/config/annotation/web/configurers/oauth2/client/OAuth2LoginConfigurer.java
@@ -180,6 +180,8 @@ public final class OAuth2LoginConfigurer<B extends HttpSecurityBuilder<B>>
 
 	private OAuth2AuthorizedClientRepository authorizedClientRepository;
 
+	private SecurityContextRepository securityContextRepository;
+
 	/**
 	 * Sets the repository of client registrations.
 	 * @param clientRegistrationRepository the repository of client registrations
@@ -233,6 +235,17 @@ public final class OAuth2LoginConfigurer<B extends HttpSecurityBuilder<B>>
 		return this;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Sets the {@link SecurityContextRepository} to use.
+	 * @param securityContextRepository the {@link SecurityContextRepository} to use
+	 * @return the {@link OAuth2LoginConfigurer} for further configuration
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public OAuth2LoginConfigurer<B> securityContextRepository(SecurityContextRepository securityContextRepository) {
+		this.securityContextRepository = securityContextRepository;
+		return this;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Sets the registry for managing the OIDC client-provider session link
 	 * @param oidcSessionRegistry the {@link OidcSessionRegistry} to use
@@ -299,6 +312,9 @@ public final class OAuth2LoginConfigurer<B extends HttpSecurityBuilder<B>>
 		RequestMatcher processUri = getRequestMatcherBuilder().matcher(this.loginProcessingUrl);
 		authenticationFilter.setRequiresAuthenticationRequestMatcher(processUri);
 		authenticationFilter.setSecurityContextHolderStrategy(getSecurityContextHolderStrategy());
+		if (this.securityContextRepository != null) {
+			authenticationFilter.setSecurityContextRepository(this.securityContextRepository);
+		}
 		this.setAuthenticationFilter(authenticationFilter);
 		super.loginProcessingUrl(this.loginProcessingUrl);
 		if (this.loginPage != null) {
diff --git a/config/src/test/java/org/springframework/security/config/annotation/web/configurers/oauth2/client/OAuth2LoginConfigurerTests.java b/config/src/test/java/org/springframework/security/config/annotation/web/configurers/oauth2/client/OAuth2LoginConfigurerTests.java
index 613d825fff..1e0baa57fc 100644
--- a/config/src/test/java/org/springframework/security/config/annotation/web/configurers/oauth2/client/OAuth2LoginConfigurerTests.java
+++ b/config/src/test/java/org/springframework/security/config/annotation/web/configurers/oauth2/client/OAuth2LoginConfigurerTests.java
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;
 import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.HttpStatusEntryPoint;
 import org.springframework.security.web.context.HttpRequestResponseHolder;
 import org.springframework.security.web.context.HttpSessionSecurityContextRepository;
+import org.springframework.security.web.context.NullSecurityContextRepository;
 import org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextRepository;
 import org.springframework.security.web.servlet.TestMockHttpServletRequests;
 import org.springframework.security.web.session.HttpSessionDestroyedEvent;
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationCon
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatNoException;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
@@ -717,6 +719,12 @@ public class OAuth2LoginConfigurerTests {
 		verify(this.context.getBean(SpyObjectPostProcessor.class).spy).authenticate(any());
 	}
 
+	// gh-16623
+	@Test
+	public void oauth2LoginWithCustomSecurityContextRepository() {
+		assertThatNoException().isThrownBy(() -> loadConfig(OAuth2LoginConfigSecurityContextRepository.class));
+	}
+
 	private void loadConfig(Class<?>... configs) {
 		AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
 		applicationContext.register(configs);
@@ -961,6 +969,24 @@ public class OAuth2LoginConfigurerTests {
 
 	}
 
+	@Configuration
+	@EnableWebSecurity
+	static class OAuth2LoginConfigSecurityContextRepository extends CommonSecurityFilterChainConfig {
+
+		@Bean
+		SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
+			// @formatter:off
+			http
+				.oauth2Login((login) -> login
+					.clientRegistrationRepository(
+							new InMemoryClientRegistrationRepository(GOOGLE_CLIENT_REGISTRATION))
+					.securityContextRepository(new NullSecurityContextRepository()));
+			// @formatter:on
+			return super.configureFilterChain(http);
+		}
+
+	}
+
 	@Configuration
 	@EnableWebSecurity
 	static class OAuth2LoginConfigCustomAuthorizationRequestResolver extends CommonSecurityFilterChainConfig {