perf(dart/transform) Restructure transform to independent phases

Update summary:
- Removes the need for resolution, gaining transform speed at the cost
  of some precision and ability to detect errors
- Generates type registrations in the package alongside their declarations
- Ensures that line numbers do not change in transformed user code

modules/angular2/src/transform/common/logging.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+library angular2.src.transform.common.logging;
+
+import 'package:barback/barback.dart';
+import 'package:code_transformers/messages/build_logger.dart';
+
+BuildLogger _logger;
+
+/// Prepares [logger] for use throughout the transformer.
+void init(Transform t) {
+  _logger = new BuildLogger(t);
+}
+
+/// The logger the transformer should use for messaging.
+BuildLogger get logger {
+  if (_logger == null) {
+    throw new StateError('Logger never initialized.');
+  }
+  return _logger;
+}