diff --git a/aio/content/start/start-data.md b/aio/content/start/start-data.md index 6e1993c269..c39b5a11a2 100644 --- a/aio/content/start/start-data.md +++ b/aio/content/start/start-data.md @@ -1,57 +1,40 @@ # Managing data -At the end of [In-app Navigation](start/start-routing "Try it: In-app Navigation"), the online store application has a product catalog with two views: a product list and product details. +This guide builds on the second step of the [Getting started with a basic Angular application](start) tutorial, [Adding navigation](start/start-routing "Adding navigation"). +At this stage of development, the store application has a product catalog with two views: a product list and product details. Users can click on a product name from the list to see details in a new view, with a distinct URL, or route. -This page guides you through creating the shopping cart in three phases: +This step of the tutorial guides you through creating a shopping cart in the following phases: -* Update the product details view to include a "Buy" button, which adds the current product to a list of products that a cart service manages. +* Update the product details view to include a **Buy** button, which adds the current product to a list of products that a cart service manages. * Add a cart component, which displays the items in the cart. * Add a shipping component, which retrieves shipping prices for the items in the cart by using Angular's `HttpClient` to retrieve shipping data from a `.json` file. -{@a services} -## Services - -Services are an integral part of Angular applications. In Angular, a service is an instance of a class that you can make available to any part of your application using Angular's [dependency injection system](guide/glossary#dependency-injection-di "Dependency injection definition"). - -Services are the place where you share data between parts of your application. For the online store, the cart service is where you store your cart data and methods. - {@a create-cart-service} + ## Create the shopping cart service -Up to this point, users can view product information, and -simulate sharing and being notified about product changes. -They cannot, however, buy products. +In Angular, a service is an instance of a class that you can make available to any part of your application using Angular's [dependency injection system](guide/glossary#dependency-injection-di "Dependency injection definition"). -In this section, you add a "Buy" button to the product -details view and set up a cart service to store information -about products in the cart. +Currently, users can view product information, and the application can simulate sharing and notifications about product changes. -
- -A later part of this tutorial, [Use forms for user input](start/start-forms "Try it: Forms for user input"), guides you through accessing this cart service from the view where the user checks out. - -
+The next step is to build a way for users to add products to a cart. +This section walks you through adding a **Buy** button and setting up a cart service to store information about products in the cart. {@a generate-cart-service} + ### Define a cart service -1. To generate a cart service, right click on the `app` folder, choose `Angular Generator`, and choose `Service`. Name the new service `cart`. +1. To generate a cart service, right click on the `app` folder, choose **Angular Generator**, and choose **Service**. + Name the new service `cart`. - - -
- - The StackBlitz generator might provide the cart service in `app.module.ts` by default. That differs from the example, which uses a bundle-optimization technique, an `@Injectable()` decorator with the `{ providedIn: 'root' }` statement. - For more information about services, see [Introduction to Services and Dependency Injection](guide/architecture-services "Concepts > Intro to Services and DI"). - -
+ 1. In the `CartService` class, define an `items` property to store the array of the current products in the cart. -1. Define methods to add items to the cart, return cart items, and clear the cart items: +1. Define methods to add items to the cart, return cart items, and clear the cart items. @@ -59,105 +42,83 @@ A later part of this tutorial, [Use forms for user input](start/start-forms "Try * The `getItems()` method collects the items users add to the cart and returns each item with its associated quantity. - * The `clearCart()` method returns an empty array of items. + * The `clearCart()` method returns an empty array of items, which empties the cart. {@a product-details-use-cart-service} + ### Use the cart service -This section walks you through using the cart service to add a product to the cart with a "Buy" button. +This section walks you through using the `CartService` to add a product to the cart. -1. Open `product-details.component.ts`. +1. In `product-details.component.ts`, import the cart service. -1. Configure the component to use the cart service. + + - 1. Import the cart service. +1. Inject the cart service by adding it to the `constructor()`. - + - 1. Inject the cart service by adding it to the `constructor()`. - - - - - - 1. Define the `addToCart()` method, which adds the current product to the cart. - The `addToCart()` method does the following three things: - * Receives the current `product`. - * Uses the cart service's `addToCart()` method to add the product the cart. - * Displays a message that you've added a product to the cart. - -1. Update the product details template with a "Buy" button that adds the current product to the cart. + The `addToCart()` method does the following: + * Takes the current `product` as an argument. + * Uses the `CartService` `addToCart()` method to add the product the cart. + * Displays a message that you've added a product to the cart. - 1. Open `product-details.component.html`. +1. In `product-details.component.html`, add a button with the label **Buy**, and bind the `click()` event to the `addToCart()` method. + This code updates the product details template with a **Buy** button that adds the current product to the cart. - 1. Add a button with the label "Buy", and bind the `click()` event to the `addToCart()` method: + + - - + The line, `

{{ product.price | currency }}

`, uses the `currency` pipe to transform `product.price` from a number to a currency string. + A pipe is a way you can transform data in your HTML template. + For more information about Angular pipes, see [Pipes](guide/pipes "Pipes"). -
- - The line, `

{{ product.price | currency }}

`, uses the `currency` pipe to transform `product.price` from a number to a currency string. A pipe is a way you can transform data in your HTML template. For more information about Angular pipes, see [Pipes](guide/pipes "Pipes"). - -
- -1. To see the new "Buy" button, refresh the application and click on a product's name to display its details. +1. Verify that the new **Buy** button appears as expected by refreshing the application and clicking on a product's name to display its details.
Display details for selected product with a Buy button
- 1. Click the "Buy" button to add the product to the stored list of items in the cart and display a confirmation message. + 1. Click the **Buy** button to add the product to the stored list of items in the cart and display a confirmation message.
Display details for selected product with a Buy button
- ## Create the cart view -At this point, users can put items in the cart by clicking "Buy", but they can't yet see their cart. +For customers to see their cart, you can create the cart view in two steps: -Create the cart view in two steps: - -1. Create a cart component and configure routing to the new component. At this point, the cart view has only default text. +1. Create a cart component and configure routing to the new component. 1. Display the cart items. -### Set up the component +### Set up the cart component - To create the cart view, begin by following the same steps you did to create the product details component and configure routing for the new component. + To create the cart view, follow the same steps you did to create the `ProductDetailsComponent` and configure routing for the new component. -1. Generate a cart component, named `cart`. - - Reminder: In the file list, right-click the `app` folder, choose `Angular Generator` and `Component`. +1. Generate a cart component named `cart` by right-clicking the `app` folder, choosing **Angular Generator**, and **Component**. -1. Add routing (a URL pattern) for the cart component. - - Open `app.module.ts` and add a route for the component `CartComponent`, with a `path` of `cart`: +1. Open `app.module.ts` and add a route for the component `CartComponent`, with a `path` of `cart`. -1. Update the "Checkout" button so that it routes to the `/cart` url. +1. Update the **Checkout** button so that it routes to the `/cart` URL. + In `top-bar.component.html`, add a `routerLink` directive pointing to `/cart`. - Open `top-bar.component.html` and add a `routerLink` directive pointing to `/cart`. - - + -1. To see the new cart component, click the "Checkout" button. You can see the "cart works!" default text, and the URL has the pattern `https://getting-started.stackblitz.io/cart`, where `getting-started.stackblitz.io` may be different for your StackBlitz project. +1. Verify the new `CartComponent` works as expected by clicking the **Checkout** button. + You can see the "cart works!" default text, and the URL has the pattern `https://getting-started.stackblitz.io/cart`, where `getting-started.stackblitz.io` may be different for your StackBlitz project.
Display cart view before customizing @@ -165,83 +126,58 @@ Create the cart view in two steps: ### Display the cart items -You can use services to share data across components: - -* The product details component already uses the cart service to add products to the cart. -* This section shows you how to use the cart service to display the products in the cart. +This section shows you how to use the cart service to display the products in the cart. -1. Open `cart.component.ts`. +1. In `cart.component.ts`, import the `CartService` from the `cart.service.ts` file. -1. Configure the component to use the cart service. + + - 1. Import the `CartService` from the `cart.service.ts` file. +1. Inject the `CartService` so that the `CartComponent` can use it by adding it to the `constructor()`. - - - - 1. Inject the `CartService` so that the cart component can use it. - - - + + 1. Define the `items` property to store the products in the cart. -1. Set the items using the cart service's `getItems()` method. Recall that you defined this method [when you generated `cart.service.ts`](#generate-cart-service). - - The resulting `CartComponent` class is as follows: +1. Set the items using the `CartService` `getItems()` method. + You defined this method [when you created `cart.service.ts`](#generate-cart-service). + By using the `getItems()` method in Angular's `ngOnInit()`, Angular uses `getItems()` upon initialization of `CartComponent`. + The resulting `CartComponent` class is as follows. -1. Update the template with a header, and use a `
` with an `*ngFor` to display each of the cart items with its name and price. - - The resulting `CartComponent` template is as follows: +1. Update the cart template with a header, and use a `
` with an `*ngFor` to display each of the cart items with its name and price. + The resulting `CartComponent` template is as follows. -1. Test your cart component. +1. Verify that your cart works as expected: - 1. Click on "My Store" to go to the product list view. - 1. Click on a product name to display its details. - 1. Click "Buy" to add the product to the cart. - 1. Click "Checkout" to see the cart. - 1. To add another product, click "My Store" to return to the product list. - - Repeat to add more items to the cart. + * Click **My Store** + * Click on a product name to display its details. + * Click **Buy** to add the product to the cart. + * Click **Checkout** to see the cart.
Cart view with products added
- -
- -StackBlitz tip: Any time the preview refreshes, the cart is cleared. If you make changes to the app, the page refreshes, so you'll need to buy products again to populate the cart. - -
- -
- For more information about services, see [Introduction to Services and Dependency Injection](guide/architecture-services "Concepts > Intro to Services and DI"). -
- - ## Retrieve shipping prices - Servers often return data in the form of a stream. Streams are useful because they make it easy to transform the returned data and make modifications to the way you request that data. -The Angular HTTP client, `HttpClient`, is a built-in way to fetch data from external APIs and provide them to your app as a stream. +Angular `HttpClient` is a built-in way to fetch data from external APIs and provide them to your application as a stream. -This section shows you how to use the HTTP client to retrieve shipping prices from an external file. - -### Predefined shipping data +This section shows you how to use `HttpClient` to retrieve shipping prices from an external file. The application that StackBlitz generates for this guide comes with predefined shipping data in `assets/shipping.json`. Use this data to add shipping prices for items in the cart. @@ -249,111 +185,98 @@ Use this data to add shipping prices for items in the cart. +### Configure `AppModule` to use `HttpClient` -### Use `HttpClient` in the `AppModule` +To use Angular's `HttpClient`, you must configure your application to use `HttpClientModule`. -Before you can use Angular's HTTP client, you must configure your app to use `HttpClientModule`. +Angular's `HttpClientModule` registers the providers your application needs to use the `HttpClient` service throughout your application. -Angular's `HttpClientModule` registers the providers your app needs to use a single instance of the `HttpClient` service throughout your app. - -1. Open `app.module.ts`. - - This file contains imports and functionality that is available to the entire app. - -1. Import `HttpClientModule` from the `@angular/common/http` package at the top of the file with the other imports. As there are a number of other imports, this code snippet omits them for brevity. Be sure to leave the existing imports in place. +1. In `app.module.ts`, import `HttpClientModule` from the `@angular/common/http` package at the top of the file with the other imports. + As there are a number of other imports, this code snippet omits them for brevity. + Be sure to leave the existing imports in place. -1. Add `HttpClientModule` to the `AppModule` `@NgModule()` `imports` array to register Angular's `HttpClient` providers globally. +1. To register Angular's `HttpClient` providers globally, add `HttpClientModule` to the `AppModule` `@NgModule()` `imports` array. -### Use `HttpClient` in the cart service +### Configure `CartService` to use `HttpClient` -Now that the `AppModule` imports the `HttpClientModule`, the next step is to inject the `HttpClient` service into your service so your app can fetch data and interact with external APIs and resources. +The next step is to inject the `HttpClient` service into your service so your application can fetch data and interact with external APIs and resources. - -1. Open `cart.service.ts`. - -1. Import `HttpClient` from the `@angular/common/http` package. +1. In `cart.service.ts`, import `HttpClient` from the `@angular/common/http` package. -1. Inject `HttpClient` into the `CartService` constructor: +1. Inject `HttpClient` into the `CartService` `constructor()`. +### Configure `CartService` to get shipping prices -### Define the `get()` method +To get shipping data, from `shipping.json`, You can use the `HttpClient` `get()` method. -Multiple components can leverage the same service. -Later in this tutorial, the shipping component uses the cart service to retrieve shipping data via HTTP from the `shipping.json` file. -First, define a `get()` method. - -1. Continue working in `cart.service.ts`. - -1. Below the `clearCart()` method, define a new `getShippingPrices()` method that uses the `HttpClient` `get()` method to retrieve the shipping data. +1. In `cart.service.ts`, below the `clearCart()` method, define a new `getShippingPrices()` method that uses the `HttpClient` `get()` method. - -
- For more information about Angular's `HttpClient`, see the [Client-Server Interaction](guide/http "Server interaction through HTTP") guide. -
+## Create a shipping component -## Define the shipping view +Now that you've configured your application to retrieve shipping data, you can create a place to render that data. -Now that your app can retrieve shipping data, create a shipping component and template. - -1. Generate a new component named `shipping`. - - Reminder: In the file list, right-click the `app` folder, choose `Angular Generator` and `Component`. +1. Generate a new component named `shipping` by right-clicking the `app` folder, choosing **Angular Generator**, and selecting **Component**. -1. In `app.module.ts`, add a route for shipping. Specify a `path` of `shipping` and a component of `ShippingComponent`. +1. In `app.module.ts`, add a route for shipping. + Specify a `path` of `shipping` and a component of `ShippingComponent`. - There's no link to the new shipping component yet, but you can see its template in the preview pane by entering the URL its route specifies. The URL has the pattern: `https://getting-started.stackblitz.io/shipping` where the `getting-started.stackblitz.io` part may be different for your StackBlitz project. + There's no link to the new shipping component yet, but you can see its template in the preview pane by entering the URL its route specifies. + The URL has the pattern: `https://getting-started.stackblitz.io/shipping` where the `getting-started.stackblitz.io` part may be different for your StackBlitz project. -1. Modify the shipping component so that it uses the cart service to retrieve shipping data via HTTP from the `shipping.json` file. +### Configuring the `ShippingComponent` to use `CartService` - 1. Import the cart service. +This section guides you through modifying the `ShippingComponent` to retrieve shipping data via HTTP from the `shipping.json` file. - +1. In `shipping.component.ts`, import `CartService`. - 1. Define a `shippingCosts` property. + - +1. Define a `shippingCosts` property. - 1. Inject the cart service in the `ShippingComponent` constructor: + - +1. Inject the cart service in the `ShippingComponent` `constructor()`. - 1. Set the `shippingCosts` property using the `getShippingPrices()` method from the cart service. + - +1. Set the `shippingCosts` property using the `getShippingPrices()` method from the `CartService`. -1. Update the shipping component's template to display the shipping types and prices using the `async` pipe: + + +1. Update the `ShippingComponent` template to display the shipping types and prices using the `async` pipe. - The `async` pipe returns the latest value from a stream of data and continues to do so for the life of a given component. When Angular destroys that component, the `async` pipe automatically stops. For detailed information about the `async` pipe, see the [AsyncPipe API documentation](/api/common/AsyncPipe). + The `async` pipe returns the latest value from a stream of data and continues to do so for the life of a given component. + When Angular destroys that component, the `async` pipe automatically stops. + For detailed information about the `async` pipe, see the [AsyncPipe API documentation](/api/common/AsyncPipe). -1. Add a link from the cart view to the shipping view: +1. Add a link from the `CartComponent` view to the `ShippingComponent` view. -1. Test your shipping prices feature: - - Click the "Checkout" button to see the updated cart. Remember that changing the app causes the preview to refresh, which empties the cart. +1. Click the **Checkout** button to see the updated cart. + Remember that changing the application causes the preview to refresh, which empties the cart.
Cart with link to shipping prices @@ -365,11 +288,13 @@ Now that your app can retrieve shipping data, create a shipping component and t Display shipping prices
+
-## Next steps +## What's next -Congratulations! You have an online store application with a product catalog and shopping cart. You can also look up and display shipping prices. +You now have a store application with a product catalog, a shopping cart, and you can look up shipping prices. -To continue exploring Angular, choose either of the following options: -* [Continue to the "Forms" section](start/start-forms "Try it: Forms for User Input") to finish the app by adding the shopping cart view and a checkout form. -* [Skip ahead to the "Deployment" section](start/start-deployment "Try it: Deployment") to move to local development, or deploy your app to Firebase or your own server. +To continue exploring Angular: + +* Continue to [Forms for User Input](start/start-forms "Forms for User Input") to finish the application by adding the shopping cart view and a checkout form. +* Skip ahead to [Deployment](start/start-deployment "Deployment") to move to local development, or deploy your application to Firebase or your own server.