feat(core): introduce @AppModule

Main part for #9726
Closes #9730

modules/@angular/compiler-cli/integrationtest/src/app_module.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
+ */
+
+import {LowerCasePipe, NgIf} from '@angular/common';
+import {AppModule, Component, ComponentFactoryResolver, Injectable} from '@angular/core';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class SomeService {
+  public prop = 'someValue';
+}
+
+@Injectable()
+export class NestedService {
+}
+
+@Component({
+  selector: 'cmp',
+  template: `<div  [title]="'HELLO' | lowercase"></div><div *ngIf="true"></div>`
+})
+export class SomeComp {
+  constructor() {}
+}
+
+@Component({selector: 'parent', template: `<cmp></cmp>`, directives: [SomeComp]})
+export class ParentComp {
+}
+
+@AppModule({providers: [NestedService]})
+export class NestedModule {
+}
+
+@AppModule({
+  directives: [NgIf],
+  pipes: [LowerCasePipe],
+  providers: [SomeService],
+  precompile: [SomeComp],
+  modules: [NestedModule]
+})
+export class SomeModule {
+}
+
+@AppModule({
+  directives: [NgIf],
+  pipes: [LowerCasePipe],
+  precompile: [ParentComp],
+})
+export class SomeModuleUsingParentComp {
+}