refactor(Observable): implement toPromise and fromPromise without side effects

BREAKING CHANGE:

toPromise is no longer an instance method of the `Observable` returned
by Angular, and fromPromise is no longer available as a static method.

The easiest way to account for this change in applications is to import
the auto-patching modules from rxjs, which will automatically add these
operators back to the Observable prototype.

```
import 'rxjs/add/operator/toPromise';
import 'rxjs/add/observable/fromPromise';
```

Closes #5542
Closes #5626

modules/angular2/src/facade/async.ts

@@ -9,13 +9,11 @@ import {Observable as RxObservable} from 'rxjs/Observable';
 import {Subscription} from 'rxjs/Subscription';
 import {Operator} from 'rxjs/Operator';
 
-import 'rxjs/observable/fromPromise';
-import 'rxjs/operators/toPromise';
+import {PromiseObservable} from 'rxjs/observable/fromPromise';
+import {toPromise} from 'rxjs/operator/toPromise';
 
 export {Subject} from 'rxjs/Subject';
 
-
-
 export namespace NodeJS {
   export interface Timer {}
 }
@@ -62,10 +60,10 @@ export class ObservableWrapper {
   static callComplete(emitter: EventEmitter<any>) { emitter.complete(); }
 
   static fromPromise(promise: Promise<any>): Observable<any> {
-    return RxObservable.fromPromise(promise);
+    return PromiseObservable.create(promise);
   }
 
-  static toPromise(obj: Observable<any>): Promise<any> { return (<any>obj).toPromise(); }
+  static toPromise(obj: Observable<any>): Promise<any> { return toPromise.call(obj); }
 }
 
 /**

modules/angular2/src/http/backends/mock_backend.ts

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import {Connection, ConnectionBackend} from '../interfaces';
 import {isPresent} from 'angular2/src/facade/lang';
 import {BaseException, WrappedException} from 'angular2/src/facade/exceptions';
 import {Subject} from 'rxjs/Subject';
-import {ReplaySubject} from 'rxjs/subjects/ReplaySubject';
-import 'rxjs/operators/take';
+import {ReplaySubject} from 'rxjs/subject/ReplaySubject';
+import {take} from 'rxjs/operator/take';
 
 /**
  *
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export class MockConnection implements Connection {
   response: any;  // Subject<Response>
 
   constructor(req: Request) {
-    this.response = new ReplaySubject(1).take(1);
+    this.response = take.call(new ReplaySubject(1), 1);
     this.readyState = ReadyState.Open;
     this.request = req;
   }