refactor(render): remove recursion from renderer

The goal is to make implementing a renderer straight forward.

BREAKING_CHANGE:

- Renderer interface was redone / simplified.
- `DirectDomRenderer` was replaced by `DomRenderer`.
- `DirectDomRenderer.setImperativeComponentRootNodes` is replaced
  by the following 2 steps:
    1. `ViewManager.getComponentView(elementRef) -> ViewRef`
    2. `DomRenderer.setComponentViewRootNodes(viewRef, rootNodes)`
- all `@View` annotations need to have a template, but the template
  may be empty. Previously views that had a `renderer` property did
  not have to have a `template`.
- `dynamicComponentLoader.loadIntoNewLocation` does no more allow
  to pass an element, but requires a css selector.
  Special syntax: `:document` can be used as prefix to search globally
  on the document instead of in the provided parent view.

Part of #1675

modules/angular2/src/test_lib/test_bed.js

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ import {DynamicComponentLoader, ComponentRef} from 'angular2/src/core/compiler/d
 import {queryView, viewRootNodes, el} from './utils';
 import {instantiateType, getTypeOf} from './lang_utils';
 
+import {DOCUMENT_TOKEN} from 'angular2/src/render/dom/dom_renderer';
+import {DOM} from 'angular2/src/dom/dom_adapter';
+
 /**
  * @exportedAs angular2/test
  */
@@ -87,9 +90,12 @@ export class TestBed {
       this.setInlineTemplate(component, html);
     }
 
-    var rootEl = el('<div></div>');
+    var doc = this._injector.get(DOCUMENT_TOKEN);
+    var rootEl = el('<div id="root"></div>');
+    DOM.appendChild(doc.body, rootEl);
+
     var componentBinding = bind(component).toValue(context);
-    return this._injector.get(DynamicComponentLoader).loadIntoNewLocation(componentBinding, null, rootEl, this._injector).then((hostComponentRef) => {
+    return this._injector.get(DynamicComponentLoader).loadIntoNewLocation(componentBinding, null, '#root', this._injector).then((hostComponentRef) => {
       return new ViewProxy(hostComponentRef);
     });
   }

modules/angular2/src/test_lib/test_injector.js

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ import {VmTurnZone} from 'angular2/src/core/zone/vm_turn_zone';
 
 import {DOM} from 'angular2/src/dom/dom_adapter';
 
-import {appDocumentToken} from 'angular2/src/core/application_tokens';
-
 import {EventManager, DomEventsPlugin} from 'angular2/src/render/dom/events/event_manager';
 
 import {MockTemplateResolver} from 'angular2/src/mock/template_resolver_mock';
@@ -40,10 +38,8 @@ import {AppViewManager} from 'angular2/src/core/compiler/view_manager';
 import {AppViewManagerUtils} from 'angular2/src/core/compiler/view_manager_utils';
 import {ProtoViewFactory} from 'angular2/src/core/compiler/proto_view_factory';
 import {RenderCompiler, Renderer} from 'angular2/src/render/api';
-import {DirectDomRenderer} from 'angular2/src/render/dom/direct_dom_renderer';
-import * as rc from 'angular2/src/render/dom/compiler/compiler';
-import * as rvf from 'angular2/src/render/dom/view/view_factory';
-import * as rvh from 'angular2/src/render/dom/view/view_hydrator';
+import {DomRenderer, DOCUMENT_TOKEN} from 'angular2/src/render/dom/dom_renderer';
+import {DefaultDomCompiler} from 'angular2/src/render/dom/compiler/compiler';
 
 /**
  * Returns the root injector bindings.
@@ -76,16 +72,14 @@ function _getAppBindings() {
   }
 
   return [
-    bind(appDocumentToken).toValue(appDoc),
+    bind(DOCUMENT_TOKEN).toValue(appDoc),
     bind(ShadowDomStrategy).toFactory(
         (styleUrlResolver, doc) => new EmulatedUnscopedShadowDomStrategy(styleUrlResolver, doc.head),
-        [StyleUrlResolver, appDocumentToken]),
-    bind(DirectDomRenderer).toClass(DirectDomRenderer),
-    bind(Renderer).toClass(DirectDomRenderer),
-    bind(RenderCompiler).toClass(rc.DefaultDomCompiler),
-    rvf.ViewFactory,
-    rvh.RenderViewHydrator,
-    bind(rvf.VIEW_POOL_CAPACITY).toValue(500),
+        [StyleUrlResolver, DOCUMENT_TOKEN]),
+    DomRenderer,
+    DefaultDomCompiler,
+    bind(Renderer).toAlias(DomRenderer),
+    bind(RenderCompiler).toAlias(DefaultDomCompiler),
     ProtoViewFactory,
     AppViewPool,
     AppViewManager,

modules/angular2/src/test_lib/utils.js

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import {List, ListWrapper} from 'angular2/src/facade/collection';
 import {DOM} from 'angular2/src/dom/dom_adapter';
 import {isPresent} from 'angular2/src/facade/lang';
+import {resolveInternalDomView} from 'angular2/src/render/dom/view/view';
 
 export class Log {
   _result:List;
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ export class Log {
 }
 
 export function viewRootNodes(view):List {
-  return view.render.delegate.rootNodes;
+  return resolveInternalDomView(view.render).rootNodes;
 }
 
 export function queryView(view, selector:string) {