feat(compiler): detect dangling property bindings

BREAKING CHANGE: compiler will throw on binding to non-existing properties.

Till now it was possible to have a binding to a non-existing property,
ex.: `<div [foo]="exp">`. From now on this is compilation error - any
property binding needs to have at least one associated property:
eaither on an HTML element or on any directive associated with a
given element (directives' properites need to be declared using the
`properties` field in the `@Directive` / `@Component` annotation).

Closes #2598

modules/angular2/test/render/dom/shadow_dom_emulation_integration_spec.ts

@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ var conditionalContentComponent = DirectiveMetadata.create({
 });
 
 var autoViewportDirective = DirectiveMetadata.create(
-    {selector: '[auto]', id: '[auto]', type: DirectiveMetadata.DIRECTIVE_TYPE});
+    {selector: '[auto]', id: 'auto', properties: ['auto'], type: DirectiveMetadata.DIRECTIVE_TYPE});
 
 var tabComponent =
     DirectiveMetadata.create({selector: 'tab', id: 'tab', type: DirectiveMetadata.COMPONENT_TYPE});