diff --git a/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/DclSingleton.java b/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/DclSingleton.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e10f111a56 --- /dev/null +++ b/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/DclSingleton.java @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +package com.baeldung.designpatterns.singleton.synchronization; + +/** + * Double-checked locking design pattern applied to a singleton. + * + * @author Donato Rimenti + * + */ +public class DclSingleton { + + /** + * Current instance of the singleton. + */ + private static volatile DclSingleton instance; + + /** + * Private constructor to avoid instantiation. + */ + private DclSingleton() { + } + + /** + * Returns the current instance of the singleton. + * + * @return the current instance of the singleton + */ + public static DclSingleton getInstance() { + if (instance == null) { + synchronized (DclSingleton.class) { + if (instance == null) { + instance = new DclSingleton(); + } + } + } + return instance; + } + +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/DraconianSingleton.java b/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/DraconianSingleton.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1d01c49b13 --- /dev/null +++ b/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/DraconianSingleton.java @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +package com.baeldung.designpatterns.singleton.synchronization; + +/** + * Draconian singleton. The method to get the instance is synchronized. + * + * @author Donato Rimenti + * + */ +public class DraconianSingleton { + + /** + * Current instance of the singleton. + */ + private static DraconianSingleton instance; + + /** + * Private constructor to avoid instantiation. + */ + private DraconianSingleton() { + } + + /** + * Returns the current instance of the singleton. + * + * @return the current instance of the singleton + */ + public static synchronized DraconianSingleton getInstance() { + if (instance == null) { + instance = new DraconianSingleton(); + } + return instance; + } + +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/EarlyInitSingleton.java b/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/EarlyInitSingleton.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..18c4b7cdce --- /dev/null +++ b/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/EarlyInitSingleton.java @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +package com.baeldung.designpatterns.singleton.synchronization; + +/** + * Singleton with early initialization. Inlines the singleton instance + * initialization. + * + * @author Donato Rimenti + * + */ +public class EarlyInitSingleton { + + /** + * Current instance of the singleton. + */ + private static final EarlyInitSingleton INSTANCE = new EarlyInitSingleton(); + + /** + * Private constructor to avoid instantiation. + */ + private EarlyInitSingleton() { + } + + /** + * Returns the current instance of the singleton. + * + * @return the current instance of the singleton + */ + public static EarlyInitSingleton getInstance() { + return INSTANCE; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/EnumSingleton.java b/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/EnumSingleton.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b7ff7f50b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/EnumSingleton.java @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +package com.baeldung.designpatterns.singleton.synchronization; + +/** + * Enum singleton pattern. Uses an enum to hold a reference to the singleton + * instance. + * + * @author Donato Rimenti + * + */ +public enum EnumSingleton { + + /** + * Current instance of the singleton. + */ + INSTANCE; +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/InitOnDemandSingleton.java b/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/InitOnDemandSingleton.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d76bada786 --- /dev/null +++ b/core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/InitOnDemandSingleton.java @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +package com.baeldung.designpatterns.singleton.synchronization; + +/** + * Initialization on demand singleton pattern. Uses a nested static class to + * hold a reference to the singleton instance. + * + * @author Donato Rimenti + * + */ +public class InitOnDemandSingleton { + + /** + * Holder for a singleton instance. + * + * @author Donato Rimenti + * + */ + private static class InstanceHolder { + + /** + * Current instance of the singleton. + */ + private static final InitOnDemandSingleton INSTANCE = new InitOnDemandSingleton(); + } + + /** + * Private constructor to avoid instantiation. + */ + private InitOnDemandSingleton() { + } + + /** + * Returns the current instance of the singleton. + * + * @return the current instance of the singleton + */ + public static InitOnDemandSingleton getInstance() { + return InstanceHolder.INSTANCE; + } + +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/SingletonSynchronizationUnitTest.java b/core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/SingletonSynchronizationUnitTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c1a3fe093 --- /dev/null +++ b/core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/designpatterns/singleton/synchronization/SingletonSynchronizationUnitTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +package com.baeldung.designpatterns.singleton.synchronization; + +import java.util.Collections; +import java.util.HashSet; +import java.util.Set; +import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; +import java.util.concurrent.Executors; + +import org.junit.Assert; +import org.junit.Test; + +/** + * Unit tests for the singleton synchronization package with the same name. + * + * @author Donato Rimenti + * + */ +public class SingletonSynchronizationUnitTest { + + /** + * Size of the thread pools used. + */ + private static final int POOL_SIZE = 1_000; + + /** + * Number of tasks to submit. + */ + private static final int TASKS_TO_SUBMIT = 1_000_000; + + /** + * Tests the thread-safety of {@link DraconianSingleton}. + */ + @Test + public void givenDraconianSingleton_whenMultithreadInstancesEquals_thenTrue() { + ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(POOL_SIZE); + Set resultSet = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet()); + + // Submits the instantiation tasks. + for (int i = 0; i < TASKS_TO_SUBMIT; i++) { + executor.submit(() -> resultSet.add(DraconianSingleton.getInstance())); + } + + // Since the instance of the object we inserted into the set is always + // the same, the size should be one. + Assert.assertEquals(1, resultSet.size()); + } + + /** + * Tests the thread-safety of {@link DclSingleton}. + */ + @Test + public void givenDclSingleton_whenMultithreadInstancesEquals_thenTrue() { + ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(POOL_SIZE); + Set resultSet = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet()); + + // Submits the instantiation tasks. + for (int i = 0; i < TASKS_TO_SUBMIT; i++) { + executor.submit(() -> resultSet.add(DclSingleton.getInstance())); + } + + // Since the instance of the object we inserted into the set is always + // the same, the size should be one. + Assert.assertEquals(1, resultSet.size()); + } + + /** + * Tests the thread-safety of {@link EarlyInitSingleton}. + */ + @Test + public void givenEarlyInitSingleton_whenMultithreadInstancesEquals_thenTrue() { + ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(POOL_SIZE); + Set resultSet = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet()); + + // Submits the instantiation tasks. + for (int i = 0; i < TASKS_TO_SUBMIT; i++) { + executor.submit(() -> resultSet.add(EarlyInitSingleton.getInstance())); + } + + // Since the instance of the object we inserted into the set is always + // the same, the size should be one. + Assert.assertEquals(1, resultSet.size()); + } + + /** + * Tests the thread-safety of {@link InitOnDemandSingleton}. + */ + @Test + public void givenInitOnDemandSingleton_whenMultithreadInstancesEquals_thenTrue() { + ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(POOL_SIZE); + Set resultSet = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet()); + + // Submits the instantiation tasks. + for (int i = 0; i < TASKS_TO_SUBMIT; i++) { + executor.submit(() -> resultSet.add(InitOnDemandSingleton.getInstance())); + } + + // Since the instance of the object we inserted into the set is always + // the same, the size should be one. + Assert.assertEquals(1, resultSet.size()); + } + + /** + * Tests the thread-safety of {@link EnumSingleton}. + */ + @Test + public void givenEnumSingleton_whenMultithreadInstancesEquals_thenTrue() { + ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(POOL_SIZE); + Set resultSet = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet()); + + // Submits the instantiation tasks. + for (int i = 0; i < TASKS_TO_SUBMIT; i++) { + executor.submit(() -> resultSet.add(EnumSingleton.INSTANCE)); + } + + // Since the instance of the object we inserted into the set is always + // the same, the size should be one. + Assert.assertEquals(1, resultSet.size()); + } +}