vavr refactor (#1871)

* vavr refactor

* small fix

vavr/README.md

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+### Relevant Articles:
+- [Introduction to Vavr](http://www.baeldung.com/javaslang)
+- [Guide to Try in Vavr](http://www.baeldung.com/javaslang-try)
+- [Guide to Pattern Matching in Vavr](http://www.baeldung.com/javaslang-pattern-matching)
+- [Property Testing Example With Vavr](http://www.baeldung.com/javaslang-property-testing)

vavr/pom.xml

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+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+    <artifactId>vavr</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0</version>
+    <name>vavr</name>
+	
+	<parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.vavr</groupId>
+            <artifactId>vavr-test</artifactId>
+            <version>${vavr.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>junit</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+            <version>${junit.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <properties>
+        <vavr.version>0.9.0</vavr.version>
+        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
+    </properties>
+
+</project>

vavr/src/main/java/com/baeldung/vavr/Person.java

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+package com.baeldung.vavr;
+
+public class Person {
+    private String name;
+    private int age;
+
+    public Person(String name, int age) {
+        super();
+        this.name = name;
+        this.age = age;
+    }
+
+    public Person() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public int getAge() {
+        return age;
+    }
+
+    public void setAge(int age) {
+        this.age = age;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
+    }
+
+}

vavr/src/main/java/com/baeldung/vavr/PersonValidator.java

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+package com.baeldung.vavr;
+
+import io.vavr.collection.Seq;
+import io.vavr.control.Validation;
+
+class PersonValidator {
+    String NAME_ERR = "Invalid characters in name: ";
+    String AGE_ERR = "Age must be at least 0";
+
+    public Validation<Seq<String>, Person> validatePerson(String name, int age) {
+        return Validation.combine(validateName(name), validateAge(age)).ap(Person::new);
+    }
+
+    private Validation<String, String> validateName(String name) {
+        String invalidChars = name.replaceAll("[a-zA-Z ]", "");
+        return invalidChars.isEmpty() ? Validation.valid(name) : Validation.invalid(NAME_ERR + invalidChars);
+    }
+
+    private Validation<String, Integer> validateAge(int age) {
+        return age < 0 ? Validation.invalid(AGE_ERR) : Validation.valid(age);
+    }
+}

vavr/src/main/java/com/baeldung/vavr/exception/handling/JavaTryCatch.java

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+package com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling;
+
+import com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling.client.ClientException;
+import com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling.client.HttpClient;
+import com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling.client.Response;
+
+public class JavaTryCatch {
+    private HttpClient httpClient;
+
+    public JavaTryCatch(HttpClient httpClient) {
+        this.httpClient = httpClient;
+    }
+
+    public Response getResponse() {
+        try {
+            return httpClient.call();
+        } catch (ClientException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}

vavr/src/main/java/com/baeldung/vavr/exception/handling/VavrTry.java

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+package com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling;
+
+
+import com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling.client.HttpClient;
+import com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling.client.Response;
+import io.vavr.control.Try;
+
+public class VavrTry {
+    private final HttpClient httpClient;
+
+    public VavrTry(HttpClient httpClient) {
+        this.httpClient = httpClient;
+    }
+
+    public Try<Response> getResponse() {
+        return Try.of(httpClient::call);
+    }
+}

vavr/src/main/java/com/baeldung/vavr/exception/handling/client/ClientException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling.client;
+
+
+public class ClientException extends Exception {
+    public ClientException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+}

vavr/src/main/java/com/baeldung/vavr/exception/handling/client/HttpClient.java

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling.client;
+
+
+public interface HttpClient {
+    Response call() throws ClientException;
+}

vavr/src/main/java/com/baeldung/vavr/exception/handling/client/Response.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling.client;
+
+public class Response {
+    public final String id;
+
+    public Response(String id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+}

vavr/src/test/java/com/baeldung/vavr/PatternMatchingUnitTest.java

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+package com.baeldung.vavr;
+
+import static io.vavr.API.$;
+import static io.vavr.API.Case;
+import static io.vavr.API.Match;
+import static io.vavr.API.run;
+import static io.vavr.Predicates.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import io.vavr.MatchError;
+import io.vavr.control.Option;
+
+public class PatternMatchingUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void whenMatchesDefault_thenCorrect() {
+        int input = 5;
+        String output = Match(input).of(Case($(1), "one"), Case($(2), "two"), Case($(3), "three"), Case($(), "unknown"));
+
+        assertEquals("unknown", output);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = MatchError.class)
+    public void givenNoMatchAndNoDefault_whenThrows_thenCorrect() {
+        int input = 5;
+        Match(input).of(Case($(1), "one"), Case($(2), "two"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenMatchWorksWithOption_thenCorrect() {
+        int i = 10;
+        Option<String> s = Match(i).option(Case($(0), "zero"));
+        assertTrue(s.isEmpty());
+        assertEquals("None", s.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenMatchWorksWithPredicate_thenCorrect() {
+        int i = 3;
+        String s = Match(i).of(Case($(is(1)), "one"), Case($(is(2)), "two"), Case($(is(3)), "three"), Case($(), "?"));
+        assertEquals("three", s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInput_whenMatchesClass_thenCorrect() {
+        Object obj = 5;
+        String s = Match(obj).of(Case($(instanceOf(String.class)), "string matched"), Case($(), "not string"));
+        assertEquals("not string", s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInput_whenMatchesNull_thenCorrect() {
+        Object obj = 5;
+        String s = Match(obj).of(Case($(isNull()), "no value"), Case($(isNotNull()), "value found"));
+        assertEquals("value found", s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInput_whenContainsWorks_thenCorrect() {
+        int i = 5;
+        String s = Match(i).of(Case($(isIn(2, 4, 6, 8)), "Even Single Digit"), Case($(isIn(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)), "Odd Single Digit"), Case($(), "Out of range"));
+        assertEquals("Odd Single Digit", s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInput_whenMatchAllWorks_thenCorrect() {
+        Integer i = null;
+        String s = Match(i).of(Case($(allOf(isNotNull(), isIn(1, 2, 3, null))), "Number found"), Case($(), "Not found"));
+        assertEquals("Not found", s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInput_whenMatchesAnyOfWorks_thenCorrect() {
+        Integer year = 1990;
+        String s = Match(year).of(Case($(anyOf(isIn(1990, 1991, 1992), is(1986))), "Age match"), Case($(), "No age match"));
+        assertEquals("Age match", s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInput_whenMatchesNoneOfWorks_thenCorrect() {
+        Integer year = 1990;
+        String s = Match(year).of(Case($(noneOf(isIn(1990, 1991, 1992), is(1986))), "Age match"), Case($(), "No age match"));
+        assertEquals("No age match", s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenMatchWorksWithPredicate_thenCorrect2() {
+        int i = 5;
+        String s = Match(i).of(Case($(isIn(2, 4, 6, 8)), "Even Single Digit"), Case($(isIn(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)), "Odd Single Digit"), Case($(), "Out of range"));
+        assertEquals("Odd Single Digit", s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenMatchCreatesSideEffects_thenCorrect() {
+        int i = 4;
+        Match(i).of(Case($(isIn(2, 4, 6, 8)), o -> run(this::displayEven)), Case($(isIn(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)), o -> run(this::displayOdd)), Case($(), o -> run(() -> {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.valueOf(i));
+        })));
+    }
+
+
+
+    public void displayEven() {
+        System.out.println("Input is even");
+    }
+
+    public void displayOdd() {
+        System.out.println("Input is odd");
+    }
+}

vavr/src/test/java/com/baeldung/vavr/PropertyBasedLongRunningUnitTest.java

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+package com.baeldung.vavr;
+
+import io.vavr.CheckedFunction1;
+import io.vavr.collection.Stream;
+import io.vavr.test.Arbitrary;
+import io.vavr.test.CheckResult;
+import io.vavr.test.Property;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+import static io.vavr.API.*;
+
+public class PropertyBasedLongRunningUnitTest {
+
+    private static Predicate<Integer> divisibleByTwo = i -> i % 2 == 0;
+    private static Predicate<Integer> divisibleByFive = i -> i % 5 == 0;
+
+    private Stream<String> stringsSupplier() {
+        return Stream.from(0).map(i -> Match(i).of(
+          Case($(divisibleByFive.and(divisibleByTwo)), "DividedByTwoAndFiveWithoutRemainder"),
+          Case($(divisibleByFive), "DividedByFiveWithoutRemainder"),
+          Case($(divisibleByTwo), "DividedByTwoWithoutRemainder"),
+          Case($(), "")));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenArbitrarySeq_whenCheckThatEverySecondElementIsEqualToString_thenTestPass() {
+        //given
+        Arbitrary<Integer> multiplesOf2 = Arbitrary
+          .integer()
+          .filter(i -> i > 0)
+          .filter(i -> i % 2 == 0 && i % 5 != 0);
+
+        //when
+        CheckedFunction1<Integer, Boolean> mustEquals = i -> stringsSupplier()
+          .get(i)
+          .equals("DividedByTwoWithoutRemainder");
+
+        //then
+        CheckResult result = Property
+          .def("Every second element must equal to DividedByTwoWithoutRemainder")
+          .forAll(multiplesOf2)
+          .suchThat(mustEquals)
+          .check(10_000, 100);
+
+        result.assertIsSatisfied();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenArbitrarySeq_whenCheckThatEveryFifthElementIsEqualToString_thenTestPass() {
+        //given
+        Arbitrary<Integer> multiplesOf5 = Arbitrary
+          .integer()
+          .filter(i -> i > 0)
+          .filter(i -> i % 5 == 0 && i % 2 == 0);
+
+        //when
+        CheckedFunction1<Integer, Boolean> mustEquals = i -> stringsSupplier()
+          .get(i)
+          .endsWith("DividedByTwoAndFiveWithoutRemainder");
+
+        //then
+        Property
+          .def("Every fifth element must equal to DividedByTwoAndFiveWithoutRemainder")
+          .forAll(multiplesOf5)
+          .suchThat(mustEquals)
+          .check(10_000, 1_000)
+          .assertIsSatisfied();
+    }
+}

vavr/src/test/java/com/baeldung/vavr/VavrUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+package com.baeldung.vavr;
+
+import io.vavr.Function0;
+import io.vavr.Function1;
+import io.vavr.Function2;
+import io.vavr.Function5;
+import io.vavr.Lazy;
+import io.vavr.*;
+import io.vavr.collection.List;
+import io.vavr.collection.Seq;
+import io.vavr.control.Option;
+import io.vavr.control.Try;
+import io.vavr.control.Validation;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.baeldung.vavr.Person;
+import com.baeldung.vavr.PersonValidator;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.function.BiFunction;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+
+import static io.vavr.API.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class VavrUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenList_whenSorts_thenCorrect() {
+        List<Integer> sortedList = List.of(3, 2, 1)
+            .sorted();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     *  Tuples
+     */
+    // creating and element access
+    @Test
+    public void whenCreatesTuple_thenCorrect1() {
+        Tuple2<String, Integer> java8 = Tuple.of("Java", 8);
+        String element1 = java8._1;
+        int element2 = java8._2();
+
+        assertEquals("Java", element1);
+        assertEquals(8, element2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCreatesTuple_thenCorrect2() {
+        Tuple3<String, Integer, Double> java8 = Tuple.of("Java", 8, 1.8);
+        String element1 = java8._1;
+        int element2 = java8._2();
+        double element3 = java8._3();
+
+        assertEquals("Java", element1);
+        assertEquals(8, element2);
+        assertEquals(1.8, element3, 0.1);
+    }
+
+    // mapping--component-wise(using Function interface)
+    @Test
+    public void givenTuple_whenMapsComponentWise_thenCorrect() {
+        Tuple2<String, Integer> java8 = Tuple.of("Java", 8);
+        Tuple2<String, Integer> mapOfJava8 = java8.map(s -> s + "Vavr", i -> i / 2);
+        int num = mapOfJava8._2();
+        assertEquals("JavaVavr", mapOfJava8._1);
+
+        assertEquals(4, num);
+
+    }
+
+    // mapping--with one mapper(using BiFunction interface)
+    @Test
+    public void givenTuple_whenMapsWithOneMapper_thenCorrect() {
+        Tuple2<String, Integer> java8 = Tuple.of("Java", 8);
+        Tuple2<String, Integer> mapOfJava8 = java8.map((s, i) -> Tuple.of(s + "Vavr", i / 2));
+        int num = mapOfJava8._2();
+        assertEquals("JavaVavr", mapOfJava8._1);
+
+        assertEquals(4, num);
+    }
+
+    // transforming a tuple
+    @Test
+    public void givenTuple_whenTransforms_thenCorrect() {
+        Tuple2<String, Integer> java8 = Tuple.of("Java", 8);
+        String transformed = java8.apply((s, i) -> s + "Vavr " + i / 2);
+        assertEquals("JavaVavr 4", transformed);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Functions
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void givenJava8Function_whenWorks_thenCorrect() {
+        Function<Integer, Integer> square = (num) -> num * num;
+        int result = square.apply(2);
+        assertEquals(4, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenJava8BiFunction_whenWorks_thenCorrect() {
+        BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Integer> sum = (num1, num2) -> num1 + num2;
+        int result = sum.apply(5, 7);
+        assertEquals(12, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenVavrFunction_whenWorks_thenCorrect() {
+        Function1<Integer, Integer> square = (num) -> num * num;
+        Integer result = square.apply(2);
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(4), result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenVavrBiFunction_whenWorks_thenCorrect() {
+        Function2<Integer, Integer, Integer> sum = (num1, num2) -> num1 + num2;
+        Integer result = sum.apply(5, 7);
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(12), result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCreatesFunction_thenCorrect0() {
+        Function0<String> getClazzName = () -> this.getClass()
+            .getName();
+        String clazzName = getClazzName.apply();
+        assertEquals("com.baeldung.vavr.VavrUnitTest", clazzName);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCreatesFunction_thenCorrect2() {
+        Function2<Integer, Integer, Integer> sum = (a, b) -> a + b;
+        int summed = sum.apply(5, 6);
+        assertEquals(11, summed);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCreatesFunction_thenCorrect5() {
+        Function5<String, String, String, String, String, String> concat = (a, b, c, d, e) -> a + b + c + d + e;
+        String finalString = concat.apply("Hello ", "world", "! ", "Learn ", "Vavr");
+        assertEquals("Hello world! Learn Vavr", finalString);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCreatesFunctionFromMethodRef_thenCorrect() {
+        Function2<Integer, Integer, Integer> sum = Function2.of(this::sum);
+        int summed = sum.apply(5, 6);
+        assertEquals(11, summed);
+    }
+
+    public int sum(int a, int b) {
+        return a + b;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Values
+     */
+    // option
+    @Test
+    public void givenValue_whenNullCheckNeeded_thenCorrect() {
+        Object possibleNullObj = null;
+        if (possibleNullObj == null)
+            possibleNullObj = "someDefaultValue";
+        assertNotNull(possibleNullObj);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void givenValue_whenNullCheckNeeded_thenCorrect2() {
+        Object possibleNullObj = null;
+        assertEquals("somevalue", possibleNullObj.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenValue_whenCreatesOption_thenCorrect() {
+        Option<Object> noneOption = Option.of(null);
+        Option<Object> someOption = Option.of("val");
+        assertEquals("None", noneOption.toString());
+        assertEquals("Some(val)", someOption.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenNull_whenCreatesOption_thenCorrect() {
+        String name = null;
+        Option<String> nameOption = Option.of(name);
+        assertEquals("baeldung", nameOption.getOrElse("baeldung"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenNonNull_whenCreatesOption_thenCorrect() {
+        String name = "baeldung";
+        Option<String> nameOption = Option.of(name);
+        assertEquals("baeldung", nameOption.getOrElse("notbaeldung"));
+    }
+
+    // try
+    @Test(expected = ArithmeticException.class)
+    public void givenBadCode_whenThrowsException_thenCorrect() {
+        int i = 1 / 0;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenBadCode_whenTryHandles_thenCorrect() {
+        Try<Integer> result = Try.of(() -> 1 / 0);
+        assertTrue(result.isFailure());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenBadCode_whenTryHandles_thenCorrect2() {
+        Try<Integer> result = Try.of(() -> 1 / 0);
+        int errorSentinel = result.getOrElse(-1);
+        assertEquals(-1, errorSentinel);
+    }
+
+    // @Test(expected = ArithmeticException.class)
+    // public void givenBadCode_whenTryHandles_thenCorrect3() {
+    // Try<Integer> result = Try.of(() -> 1 / 0);
+    // result.getOrElseThrow(ArithmeticException::new);
+    // }
+
+    // lazy
+    @Test
+    public void givenFunction_whenEvaluatesWithLazy_thenCorrect() {
+        Lazy<Double> lazy = Lazy.of(Math::random);
+        assertFalse(lazy.isEvaluated());
+
+        double val1 = lazy.get();
+        assertTrue(lazy.isEvaluated());
+
+        double val2 = lazy.get();
+        assertEquals(val1, val2, 0.1);
+    }
+
+    // validation
+    @Test
+    public void whenValidationWorks_thenCorrect() {
+        PersonValidator personValidator = new PersonValidator();
+        Validation<Seq<String>, Person> valid = personValidator.validatePerson("John Doe", 30);
+        Validation<Seq<String>, Person> invalid = personValidator.validatePerson("John? Doe!4", -1);
+
+        assertEquals("Valid(Person [name=John Doe, age=30])", valid.toString());
+        assertEquals("Invalid(List(Invalid characters in name: ?!4, Age must be at least 0))", invalid.toString());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * collections
+     */
+    // list
+    @Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
+    public void whenImmutableCollectionThrows_thenCorrect() {
+        java.util.List<String> wordList = Arrays.asList("abracadabra");
+        java.util.List<String> list = Collections.unmodifiableList(wordList);
+        list.add("boom");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenSumsJava8List_thenCorrect() {
+        // Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3).stream().reduce((i, j) -> i + j);
+        int sum = IntStream.of(1, 2, 3)
+            .sum();
+        assertEquals(6, sum);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenCreatesVavrList_thenCorrect() {
+        List<Integer> intList = List.of(1, 2, 3);
+        assertEquals(3, intList.length());
+        assertEquals(new Integer(1), intList.get(0));
+        assertEquals(new Integer(2), intList.get(1));
+        assertEquals(new Integer(3), intList.get(2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenSumsVavrList_thenCorrect() {
+        int sum = List.of(1, 2, 3)
+            .sum()
+            .intValue();
+        assertEquals(6, sum);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * pattern matching
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void whenIfWorksAsMatcher_thenCorrect() {
+        int input = 3;
+        String output;
+        if (input == 0) {
+            output = "zero";
+        }
+        if (input == 1) {
+            output = "one";
+        }
+        if (input == 2) {
+            output = "two";
+        }
+        if (input == 3) {
+            output = "three";
+        } else {
+            output = "unknown";
+        }
+        assertEquals("three", output);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenSwitchWorksAsMatcher_thenCorrect() {
+        int input = 2;
+        String output;
+        switch (input) {
+        case 0:
+            output = "zero";
+            break;
+        case 1:
+            output = "one";
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            output = "two";
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            output = "three";
+            break;
+        default:
+            output = "unknown";
+            break;
+        }
+        assertEquals("two", output);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenMatchworks_thenCorrect() {
+        int input = 2;
+        String output = Match(input).of(Case($(1), "one"), Case($(2), "two"), Case($(3), "three"), Case($(), "?"));
+        assertEquals("two", output);
+    }
+
+}

vavr/src/test/java/com/baeldung/vavr/exception/handling/VavrTryUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling;
+
+import com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling.client.ClientException;
+import com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling.client.HttpClient;
+import com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling.client.Response;
+import com.baeldung.vavr.exception.handling.VavrTry;
+
+import io.vavr.collection.Stream;
+import io.vavr.control.Option;
+import io.vavr.control.Try;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static io.vavr.API.*;
+import static io.vavr.Predicates.instanceOf;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class VavrTryUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenHttpClient_whenMakeACall_shouldReturnSuccess() {
+        //given
+        Integer defaultChainedResult = 1;
+        String id = "a";
+        HttpClient httpClient = () -> new Response(id);
+
+        //when
+        Try<Response> response = new VavrTry(httpClient).getResponse();
+        Integer chainedResult = response
+                .map(this::actionThatTakesResponse)
+                .getOrElse(defaultChainedResult);
+        Stream<String> stream = response.toStream().map(it -> it.id);
+
+        //then
+        assertTrue(!stream.isEmpty());
+        assertTrue(response.isSuccess());
+        response.onSuccess(r -> assertEquals(id, r.id));
+        response.andThen(r -> assertEquals(id, r.id));
+        assertNotEquals(defaultChainedResult, chainedResult);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenHttpClientFailure_whenMakeACall_shouldReturnFailure() {
+        //given
+        Integer defaultChainedResult = 1;
+        HttpClient httpClient = () -> {
+            throw new ClientException("problem");
+        };
+
+        //when
+        Try<Response> response = new VavrTry(httpClient).getResponse();
+        Integer chainedResult = response
+                .map(this::actionThatTakesResponse)
+                .getOrElse(defaultChainedResult);
+        Option<Response> optionalResponse = response.toOption();
+
+        //then
+        assertTrue(optionalResponse.isEmpty());
+        assertTrue(response.isFailure());
+        response.onFailure(ex -> assertTrue(ex instanceof ClientException));
+        assertEquals(defaultChainedResult, chainedResult);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenHttpClientThatFailure_whenMakeACall_shouldReturnFailureAndNotRecover() {
+        //given
+        Response defaultResponse = new Response("b");
+        HttpClient httpClient = () -> {
+            throw new RuntimeException("critical problem");
+        };
+
+        //when
+        Try<Response> recovered = new VavrTry(httpClient).getResponse()
+                .recover(r -> Match(r).of(
+                        Case($(instanceOf(ClientException.class)), defaultResponse)
+                ));
+
+        //then
+        assertTrue(recovered.isFailure());
+
+//        recovered.getOrElseThrow(throwable -> {
+//            throw new RuntimeException(throwable);
+//        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenHttpClientThatFailure_whenMakeACall_shouldReturnFailureAndRecover() {
+        //given
+        Response defaultResponse = new Response("b");
+        HttpClient httpClient = () -> {
+            throw new ClientException("non critical problem");
+        };
+
+        //when
+        Try<Response> recovered = new VavrTry(httpClient).getResponse()
+                .recover(r -> Match(r).of(
+                        Case($(instanceOf(ClientException.class)), defaultResponse),
+                        Case($(instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)), defaultResponse)
+                ));
+
+        //then
+        assertTrue(recovered.isSuccess());
+    }
+
+
+    public int actionThatTakesResponse(Response response) {
+        return response.id.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    public int actionThatTakesTryResponse(Try<Response> response, int defaultTransformation){
+        return response.transform(responses -> response.map(it -> it.id.hashCode()).getOrElse(defaultTransformation));
+    }
+
+}