diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index c54117203f..88c5e49808 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -85,5 +85,9 @@ transaction.log
*-shell.log
apache-cxf/cxf-aegis/baeldung.xml
+testing-modules/report-*.json
-libraries-2/*.db
\ No newline at end of file
+libraries-2/*.db
+
+# SDKMan
+.sdkmanrc
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index b08a93f23e..88750cf654 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-**UPDATE**: The price of "Learn Spring Security OAuth" will permanently change on the 11th of December, along with the upcoming OAuth2 material: http://bit.ly/github-lss
-
The Courses
==============================
diff --git a/akka-http/pom.xml b/akka-http/pom.xml
index c0b460dd8e..c146e58b60 100644
--- a/akka-http/pom.xml
+++ b/akka-http/pom.xml
@@ -38,8 +38,6 @@
- UTF-8
- UTF-810.0.112.5.11
diff --git a/algorithms-genetic/README.md b/algorithms-genetic/README.md
index 1c9e831ac2..eb4e3fb798 100644
--- a/algorithms-genetic/README.md
+++ b/algorithms-genetic/README.md
@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@ This module contains articles about genetic algorithms.
### Relevant articles:
- [Introduction to Jenetics Library](https://www.baeldung.com/jenetics)
-- [Ant Colony Optimization](https://www.baeldung.com/java-ant-colony-optimization)
+- [Ant Colony Optimization with a Java Example](https://www.baeldung.com/java-ant-colony-optimization)
- [Design a Genetic Algorithm in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-genetic-algorithm)
- [The Traveling Salesman Problem in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-simulated-annealing-for-traveling-salesman)
diff --git a/algorithms-genetic/pom.xml b/algorithms-genetic/pom.xml
index 942acd69c6..4d15464138 100644
--- a/algorithms-genetic/pom.xml
+++ b/algorithms-genetic/pom.xml
@@ -44,18 +44,6 @@
-
-
-
-
- org.codehaus.mojo
- exec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}
-
-
-
-
-
3.6.13.7.0
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-1/README.md b/algorithms-miscellaneous-1/README.md
index 25e2733538..02bf874197 100644
--- a/algorithms-miscellaneous-1/README.md
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-1/README.md
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ This module contains articles about algorithms. Some classes of algorithms, e.g.
### Relevant articles:
- [Validating Input With Finite Automata in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-finite-automata)
-- [Example of Hill Climbing Algorithm](https://www.baeldung.com/java-hill-climbing-algorithm)
-- [Introduction to Minimax Algorithm](https://www.baeldung.com/java-minimax-algorithm)
+- [Example of Hill Climbing Algorithm in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-hill-climbing-algorithm)
+- [Introduction to Minimax Algorithm with a Java Implementation](https://www.baeldung.com/java-minimax-algorithm)
- [How to Calculate Levenshtein Distance in Java?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-levenshtein-distance)
- [How to Find the Kth Largest Element in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-kth-largest-element)
-- More articles: [[next -->]](/../algorithms-miscellaneous-2)
+- More articles: [[next -->]](/algorithms-miscellaneous-2)
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-1/pom.xml b/algorithms-miscellaneous-1/pom.xml
index d9ecbd78e8..00cb4eeda9 100644
--- a/algorithms-miscellaneous-1/pom.xml
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-1/pom.xml
@@ -49,18 +49,6 @@
-
-
-
-
- org.codehaus.mojo
- exec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}
-
-
-
-
-
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-2/README.md b/algorithms-miscellaneous-2/README.md
index 26737b61f0..265416534e 100644
--- a/algorithms-miscellaneous-2/README.md
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-2/README.md
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ This module contains articles about algorithms. Some classes of algorithms, e.g.
- [Displaying Money Amounts in Words](https://www.baeldung.com/java-money-into-words)
- [A Collaborative Filtering Recommendation System in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-collaborative-filtering-recommendations)
- [Implementing A* Pathfinding in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-a-star-pathfinding)
-- More articles: [[<-- prev]](/../algorithms-miscellaneous-1) [[next -->]](/../algorithms-miscellaneous-3)
+- More articles: [[<-- prev]](/algorithms-miscellaneous-1) [[next -->]](/algorithms-miscellaneous-3)
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-2/pom.xml b/algorithms-miscellaneous-2/pom.xml
index 7144a7a391..89d5b3657a 100644
--- a/algorithms-miscellaneous-2/pom.xml
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-2/pom.xml
@@ -54,18 +54,6 @@
-
-
-
-
- org.codehaus.mojo
- exec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}
-
-
-
-
-
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-3/pom.xml b/algorithms-miscellaneous-3/pom.xml
index 877e8bfefa..166a7be623 100644
--- a/algorithms-miscellaneous-3/pom.xml
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-3/pom.xml
@@ -74,25 +74,11 @@
-
-
-
-
- org.codehaus.mojo
- exec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}
-
-
-
-
-
3.9.04.328.0-jre2.6.0
- 1.19
- 1.193.8.11.1.0
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-4/README.md b/algorithms-miscellaneous-4/README.md
index fd33b58d72..2649df9fc9 100644
--- a/algorithms-miscellaneous-4/README.md
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-4/README.md
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ This module contains articles about algorithms. Some classes of algorithms, e.g.
### Relevant articles:
- [Multi-Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-multi-swarm-algorithm)
-- [Check If a String Contains All The Letters of The Alphabet](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-contains-all-letters)
-- [Find the Middle Element of a Linked List](https://www.baeldung.com/java-linked-list-middle-element)
+- [Check If a String Contains All The Letters of The Alphabet with Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-contains-all-letters)
+- [Find the Middle Element of a Linked List in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-linked-list-middle-element)
- [Find Substrings That Are Palindromes in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-palindrome-substrings)
- [Find the Longest Substring without Repeating Characters](https://www.baeldung.com/java-longest-substring-without-repeated-characters)
- [Permutations of an Array in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-array-permutations)
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-4/pom.xml b/algorithms-miscellaneous-4/pom.xml
index 50fef5ff71..31a6db5354 100644
--- a/algorithms-miscellaneous-4/pom.xml
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-4/pom.xml
@@ -34,18 +34,6 @@
-
-
-
-
- org.codehaus.mojo
- exec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}
-
-
-
-
-
3.9.027.0.1-jre
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/README.md b/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/README.md
index 3e6eeb4c93..54b936586f 100644
--- a/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/README.md
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/README.md
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ This module contains articles about algorithms. Some classes of algorithms, e.g.
- [Reversing a Binary Tree in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-reversing-a-binary-tree)
- [Find If Two Numbers Are Relatively Prime in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-two-relatively-prime-numbers)
- [Knapsack Problem Implementation in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-knapsack)
-- [How to Determine if a Binary Tree is Balanced](https://www.baeldung.com/java-balanced-binary-tree)
+- [How to Determine if a Binary Tree is Balanced in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-balanced-binary-tree)
- [Overview of Combinatorial Problems in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-combinatorial-algorithms)
-- [Prim’s Algorithm](https://www.baeldung.com/java-prim-algorithm)
-- [Maximum Subarray Problem](https://www.baeldung.com/java-maximum-subarray)
-- [How to Merge Two Sorted Arrays](https://www.baeldung.com/java-merge-sorted-arrays)
-- [Median of Stream of Integers using Heap](https://www.baeldung.com/java-stream-integers-median-using-heap)
-- More articles: [[<-- prev]](/../algorithms-miscellaneous-4) [[next -->]](/../algorithms-miscellaneous-6)
+- [Prim’s Algorithm with a Java Implementation](https://www.baeldung.com/java-prim-algorithm)
+- [Maximum Subarray Problem in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-maximum-subarray)
+- [How to Merge Two Sorted Arrays in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-merge-sorted-arrays)
+- [Median of Stream of Integers using Heap in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-stream-integers-median-using-heap)
+- More articles: [[<-- prev]](/algorithms-miscellaneous-4) [[next -->]](/algorithms-miscellaneous-6)
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/pom.xml b/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/pom.xml
index 615cf03467..71a5a3d410 100644
--- a/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/pom.xml
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/pom.xml
@@ -49,18 +49,6 @@
-
-
-
-
- org.codehaus.mojo
- exec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}
-
-
-
-
-
1.0.13.9.0
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maximumsubarray/KadaneAlgorithm.java b/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maximumsubarray/KadaneAlgorithm.java
index 0aaa1b6c23..60171220cd 100644
--- a/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maximumsubarray/KadaneAlgorithm.java
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maximumsubarray/KadaneAlgorithm.java
@@ -13,22 +13,22 @@ public class KadaneAlgorithm {
int start = 0;
int end = 0;
- int maxSoFar = 0, maxEndingHere = 0;
-
+ int maxSoFar = arr[0], maxEndingHere = arr[0];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (arr[i] > maxEndingHere + arr[i]) {
start = i;
maxEndingHere = arr[i];
- } else
+ } else {
maxEndingHere = maxEndingHere + arr[i];
+ }
if (maxSoFar < maxEndingHere) {
maxSoFar = maxEndingHere;
end = i;
}
}
- logger.info("Found Maximum Subarray between {} and {}", start, end);
+ logger.info("Found Maximum Subarray between {} and {}", Math.min(start, end), end);
return maxSoFar;
}
}
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maximumsubarray/KadaneAlgorithmUnitTest.java b/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maximumsubarray/KadaneAlgorithmUnitTest.java
index 9bece56f5b..71531dcf59 100644
--- a/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maximumsubarray/KadaneAlgorithmUnitTest.java
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maximumsubarray/KadaneAlgorithmUnitTest.java
@@ -9,11 +9,22 @@ class KadaneAlgorithmUnitTest {
@Test
void givenArrayWithNegativeNumberWhenMaximumSubarrayThenReturns6() {
//given
- int[] arr = new int[]{-3, 1, -8, 4, -1, 2, 1, -5, 5};
+ int[] arr = new int[] { -3, 1, -8, 4, -1, 2, 1, -5, 5 };
//when
KadaneAlgorithm algorithm = new KadaneAlgorithm();
int maxSum = algorithm.maxSubArraySum(arr);
//then
assertEquals(6, maxSum);
}
+
+ @Test
+ void givenArrayWithAllNegativeNumbersWhenMaximumSubarrayThenReturnsExpectedResult() {
+ //given
+ int[] arr = new int[] { -8, -7, -5, -4, -3, -1, -2 };
+ //when
+ KadaneAlgorithm algorithm = new KadaneAlgorithm();
+ int maxSum = algorithm.maxSubArraySum(arr);
+ //then
+ assertEquals(-1, maxSum);
+ }
}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/README.md b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/README.md
index 22ee51530f..f21eddeed8 100644
--- a/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/README.md
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/README.md
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
### Relevant Articles:
-- [Boruvka’s Algorithm for Minimum Spanning Trees](https://www.baeldung.com/java-boruvka-algorithm)
+- [Boruvka’s Algorithm for Minimum Spanning Trees in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-boruvka-algorithm)
- [Gradient Descent in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-gradient-descent)
-- [Kruskal’s Algorithm for Spanning Trees](https://www.baeldung.com/java-spanning-trees-kruskal)
+- [Kruskal’s Algorithm for Spanning Trees with a Java Implementation](https://www.baeldung.com/java-spanning-trees-kruskal)
- [Balanced Brackets Algorithm in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-balanced-brackets-algorithm)
- [Efficiently Merge Sorted Java Sequences](https://www.baeldung.com/java-merge-sorted-sequences)
- [Introduction to Greedy Algorithms with Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-greedy-algorithms)
- [The Caesar Cipher in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-caesar-cipher)
-- More articles: [[<-- prev]](/../algorithms-miscellaneous-5)
+- [Implementing a 2048 Solver in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/2048-java-solver)
+- [Finding Top K Elements in a Java Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-array-top-elements)
+- [Reversing a Linked List in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-reverse-linked-list)
+- More articles: [[<-- prev]](/algorithms-miscellaneous-5)
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/LinkedListReversal.java b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/LinkedListReversal.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93402133ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/LinkedListReversal.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+public class LinkedListReversal {
+
+ ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
+ ListNode previous = null;
+ ListNode current = head;
+ while (current != null) {
+ ListNode nextElement = current.getNext();
+ current.setNext(previous);
+ previous = current;
+ current = nextElement;
+ }
+ return previous;
+ }
+
+ ListNode reverseListRecursive(ListNode head) {
+ if (head == null) {
+ return null;
+ }
+ if (head.getNext() == null) {
+ return head;
+ }
+ ListNode node = reverseListRecursive(head.getNext());
+ head.getNext().setNext(head);
+ head.setNext(null);
+ return node;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/ListNode.java b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/ListNode.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de2e93a65c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/ListNode.java
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+public class ListNode {
+
+ private int data;
+ private ListNode next;
+
+ ListNode(int data) {
+ this.data = data;
+ this.next = null;
+ }
+
+ public int getData() {
+ return data;
+ }
+
+ public ListNode getNext() {
+ return next;
+ }
+
+ public void setData(int data) {
+ this.data = data;
+ }
+
+ public void setNext(ListNode next) {
+ this.next = next;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/BruteForceTopKElementsFinder.java b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/BruteForceTopKElementsFinder.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0962c7079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/BruteForceTopKElementsFinder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.topkelements;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class BruteForceTopKElementsFinder implements TopKElementsFinder {
+
+ public List findTopK(List input, int k) {
+ List array = new ArrayList<>(input);
+ List topKList = new ArrayList<>();
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
+ int maxIndex = 0;
+
+ for (int j = 1; j < array.size(); j++) {
+ if (array.get(j) > array.get(maxIndex)) {
+ maxIndex = j;
+ }
+ }
+
+ topKList.add(array.remove(maxIndex));
+ }
+
+ return topKList;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/MaxHeapTopKElementsFinder.java b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/MaxHeapTopKElementsFinder.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16ae7f1254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/MaxHeapTopKElementsFinder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.topkelements;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.PriorityQueue;
+
+public class MaxHeapTopKElementsFinder implements TopKElementsFinder {
+
+ public List findTopK(List input, int k) {
+ PriorityQueue maxHeap = new PriorityQueue<>();
+
+ input.forEach(number -> {
+ maxHeap.add(number);
+
+ if (maxHeap.size() > k) {
+ maxHeap.poll();
+ }
+ });
+
+ List topKList = new ArrayList<>(maxHeap);
+ Collections.reverse(topKList);
+
+ return topKList;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/TopKElementsFinder.java b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/TopKElementsFinder.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9c7881408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/TopKElementsFinder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.topkelements;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public interface TopKElementsFinder> {
+ List findTopK(List input, int k);
+}
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/TreeSetTopKElementsFinder.java b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/TreeSetTopKElementsFinder.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b898df21d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/TreeSetTopKElementsFinder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.topkelements;
+
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public class TreeSetTopKElementsFinder implements TopKElementsFinder {
+
+ public List findTopK(List input, int k) {
+ Set sortedSet = new TreeSet<>(Comparator.reverseOrder());
+ sortedSet.addAll(input);
+
+ return sortedSet.stream().limit(k).collect(Collectors.toList());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/LinkedListReversalUnitTest.java b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/LinkedListReversalUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0940677959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/LinkedListReversalUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.linkedlist;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+
+public class LinkedListReversalUnitTest {
+ @Test
+ public void givenLinkedList_whenIterativeReverse_thenOutputCorrectResult() {
+ ListNode head = constructLinkedList();
+ ListNode node = head;
+ for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+ assertNotNull(node);
+ assertEquals(i, node.getData());
+ node = node.getNext();
+ }
+ LinkedListReversal reversal = new LinkedListReversal();
+ node = reversal.reverseList(head);
+ for (int i = 5; i >= 1; i--) {
+ assertNotNull(node);
+ assertEquals(i, node.getData());
+ node = node.getNext();
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenLinkedList_whenRecursiveReverse_thenOutputCorrectResult() {
+ ListNode head = constructLinkedList();
+ ListNode node = head;
+ for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+ assertNotNull(node);
+ assertEquals(i, node.getData());
+ node = node.getNext();
+ }
+ LinkedListReversal reversal = new LinkedListReversal();
+ node = reversal.reverseListRecursive(head);
+ for (int i = 5; i >= 1; i--) {
+ assertNotNull(node);
+ assertEquals(i, node.getData());
+ node = node.getNext();
+ }
+ }
+
+ private ListNode constructLinkedList() {
+ ListNode head = null;
+ ListNode tail = null;
+ for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+ ListNode node = new ListNode(i);
+ if (head == null) {
+ head = node;
+ } else {
+ tail.setNext(node);
+ }
+ tail = node;
+ }
+ return head;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/TopKElementsFinderUnitTest.java b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/TopKElementsFinderUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41fa5e067e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/TopKElementsFinderUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.topkelements;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Java6Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class TopKElementsFinderUnitTest {
+ private final TopKElementsFinder bruteForceFinder = new BruteForceTopKElementsFinder();
+ private final TopKElementsFinder maxHeapFinder = new MaxHeapTopKElementsFinder();
+ private final TopKElementsFinder treeSetFinder = new TreeSetTopKElementsFinder();
+
+ private final int k = 4;
+ private final List distinctIntegers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 9, 7, 6, 12);
+ private final List distinctIntegersTopK = Arrays.asList(9, 7, 6, 12);
+ private final List nonDistinctIntegers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 3, 9, 9, 7, 6, 12);
+ private final List nonDistinctIntegersTopK = Arrays.asList(9, 9, 7, 12);
+
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenArrayDistinctIntegers_whenBruteForceFindTopK_thenReturnKLargest() {
+ assertThat(bruteForceFinder.findTopK(distinctIntegers, k)).containsOnlyElementsOf(distinctIntegersTopK);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenArrayDistinctIntegers_whenMaxHeapFindTopK_thenReturnKLargest() {
+ assertThat(maxHeapFinder.findTopK(distinctIntegers, k)).containsOnlyElementsOf(distinctIntegersTopK);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenArrayDistinctIntegers_whenTreeSetFindTopK_thenReturnKLargest() {
+ assertThat(treeSetFinder.findTopK(distinctIntegers, k)).containsOnlyElementsOf(distinctIntegersTopK);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenArrayNonDistinctIntegers_whenBruteForceFindTopK_thenReturnKLargest() {
+ assertThat(bruteForceFinder.findTopK(nonDistinctIntegers, k)).containsOnlyElementsOf(nonDistinctIntegersTopK);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenArrayNonDistinctIntegers_whenMaxHeapFindTopK_thenReturnKLargest() {
+ assertThat(maxHeapFinder.findTopK(nonDistinctIntegers, k)).containsOnlyElementsOf(nonDistinctIntegersTopK);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/algorithms-searching/README.md b/algorithms-searching/README.md
index aed3c7d21f..7d10100832 100644
--- a/algorithms-searching/README.md
+++ b/algorithms-searching/README.md
@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@
This module contains articles about searching algorithms.
### Relevant articles:
+
- [Binary Search Algorithm in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-binary-search)
- [Depth First Search in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-depth-first-search)
- [Interpolation Search in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-interpolation-search)
- [Breadth-First Search Algorithm in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-breadth-first-search)
-- [String Search Algorithms for Large Texts](https://www.baeldung.com/java-full-text-search-algorithms)
-- [Monte Carlo Tree Search for Tic-Tac-Toe Game](https://www.baeldung.com/java-monte-carlo-tree-search)
+- [String Search Algorithms for Large Texts with Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-full-text-search-algorithms)
+- [Monte Carlo Tree Search for Tic-Tac-Toe Game in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-monte-carlo-tree-search)
- [Range Search Algorithm in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-range-search)
-- [Fast Pattern Matching of Strings Using Suffix Tree](https://www.baeldung.com/java-pattern-matching-suffix-tree)
+- [Fast Pattern Matching of Strings Using Suffix Tree in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-pattern-matching-suffix-tree)
+- [Find the Kth Smallest Element in Two Sorted Arrays in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-kth-smallest-element-in-sorted-arrays)
diff --git a/algorithms-searching/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kthsmallest/KthSmallest.java b/algorithms-searching/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kthsmallest/KthSmallest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2bd1a20ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms-searching/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kthsmallest/KthSmallest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.kthsmallest;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+import static java.lang.Math.max;
+import static java.lang.Math.min;
+
+public class KthSmallest {
+
+ public static int findKthSmallestElement(int k, int[] list1, int[] list2) throws NoSuchElementException, IllegalArgumentException {
+
+ checkInput(k, list1, list2);
+
+ // we are looking for the minimum value
+ if(k == 1) {
+ return min(list1[0], list2[0]);
+ }
+
+ // we are looking for the maximum value
+ if(list1.length + list2.length == k) {
+ return max(list1[list1.length-1], list2[list2.length-1]);
+ }
+
+ // swap lists if needed to make sure we take at least one element from list1
+ if(k <= list2.length && list2[k-1] < list1[0]) {
+ int[] list1_ = list1;
+ list1 = list2;
+ list2 = list1_;
+ }
+
+ // correct left boundary if k is bigger than the size of list2
+ int left = k < list2.length ? 0 : k - list2.length - 1;
+
+ // the inital right boundary cannot exceed the list1
+ int right = min(k-1, list1.length - 1);
+
+ int nElementsList1, nElementsList2;
+
+ // binary search
+ do {
+ nElementsList1 = ((left + right) / 2) + 1;
+ nElementsList2 = k - nElementsList1;
+
+ if(nElementsList2 > 0) {
+ if (list1[nElementsList1 - 1] > list2[nElementsList2 - 1]) {
+ right = nElementsList1 - 2;
+ } else {
+ left = nElementsList1;
+ }
+ }
+ } while(!kthSmallesElementFound(list1, list2, nElementsList1, nElementsList2));
+
+ return nElementsList2 == 0 ? list1[nElementsList1-1] : max(list1[nElementsList1-1], list2[nElementsList2-1]);
+ }
+
+ private static boolean kthSmallesElementFound(int[] list1, int[] list2, int nElementsList1, int nElementsList2) {
+
+ // we do not take any element from the second list
+ if(nElementsList2 < 1) {
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ if(list1[nElementsList1-1] == list2[nElementsList2-1]) {
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ if(nElementsList1 == list1.length) {
+ return list1[nElementsList1-1] <= list2[nElementsList2];
+ }
+
+ if(nElementsList2 == list2.length) {
+ return list2[nElementsList2-1] <= list1[nElementsList1];
+ }
+
+ return list1[nElementsList1-1] <= list2[nElementsList2] && list2[nElementsList2-1] <= list1[nElementsList1];
+ }
+
+
+ private static void checkInput(int k, int[] list1, int[] list2) throws NoSuchElementException, IllegalArgumentException {
+
+ if(list1 == null || list2 == null || k < 1) {
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+ }
+
+ if(list1.length == 0 || list2.length == 0) {
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+ }
+
+ if(k > list1.length + list2.length) {
+ throw new NoSuchElementException();
+ }
+ }
+
+ public static int getKthElementSorted(int[] list1, int[] list2, int k) {
+
+ int length1 = list1.length, length2 = list2.length;
+ int[] combinedArray = new int[length1 + length2];
+ System.arraycopy(list1, 0, combinedArray, 0, list1.length);
+ System.arraycopy(list2, 0, combinedArray, list1.length, list2.length);
+ Arrays.sort(combinedArray);
+
+ return combinedArray[k-1];
+ }
+
+ public static int getKthElementMerge(int[] list1, int[] list2, int k) {
+
+ int i1 = 0, i2 = 0;
+
+ while(i1 < list1.length && i2 < list2.length && (i1 + i2) < k) {
+ if(list1[i1] < list2[i2]) {
+ i1++;
+ } else {
+ i2++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if((i1 + i2) < k) {
+ return i1 < list1.length ? list1[k - i2 - 1] : list2[k - i1 - 1];
+ } else if(i1 > 0 && i2 > 0) {
+ return Math.max(list1[i1-1], list2[i2-1]);
+ } else {
+ return i1 == 0 ? list2[i2-1] : list1[i1-1];
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/algorithms-searching/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kthsmallest/KthSmallestUnitTest.java b/algorithms-searching/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kthsmallest/KthSmallestUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..740e89d8e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms-searching/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kthsmallest/KthSmallestUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.kthsmallest;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.function.Executable;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import static com.baeldung.algorithms.kthsmallest.KthSmallest.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+public class KthSmallestUnitTest {
+
+ @Nested
+ class Exceptions {
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_at_least_one_list_is_null_then_an_exception_is_thrown() {
+
+ Executable executable1 = () -> findKthSmallestElement(1, null, null);
+ Executable executable2 = () -> findKthSmallestElement(1, new int[]{2}, null);
+ Executable executable3 = () -> findKthSmallestElement(1, null, new int[]{2});
+
+ assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, executable1);
+ assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, executable2);
+ assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, executable3);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_at_least_one_list_is_empty_then_an_exception_is_thrown() {
+
+ Executable executable1 = () -> findKthSmallestElement(1, new int[]{}, new int[]{2});
+ Executable executable2 = () -> findKthSmallestElement(1, new int[]{2}, new int[]{});
+ Executable executable3 = () -> findKthSmallestElement(1, new int[]{}, new int[]{});
+
+ assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, executable1);
+ assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, executable2);
+ assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, executable3);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_k_is_smaller_than_0_then_an_exception_is_thrown() {
+ Executable executable1 = () -> findKthSmallestElement(-1, new int[]{2}, new int[]{2});
+ assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, executable1);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_k_is_smaller_than_1_then_an_exception_is_thrown() {
+ Executable executable1 = () -> findKthSmallestElement(0, new int[]{2}, new int[]{2});
+ assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, executable1);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_k_bigger_then_the_two_lists_then_an_exception_is_thrown() {
+ Executable executable1 = () -> findKthSmallestElement(6, new int[]{1, 5, 6}, new int[]{2, 5});
+ assertThrows(NoSuchElementException.class, executable1);
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ @Nested
+ class K_is_smaller_than_the_size_of_list1_and_the_size_of_list2 {
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_k_is_1_then_the_smallest_element_is_returned_from_list1() {
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(1, new int[]{2, 7}, new int[]{3, 5});
+ assertEquals(2, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_k_is_1_then_the_smallest_element_is_returned_list2() {
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(1, new int[]{3, 5}, new int[]{2, 7});
+ assertEquals(2, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_kth_element_is_smallest_element_and_occurs_in_both_lists() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(1, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(1, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_kth_element_is_smallest_element_and_occurs_in_both_lists2() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(2, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(1, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_kth_element_is_largest_element_and_occurs_in_both_lists_1() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(5, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(3, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_kth_element_is_largest_element_and_occurs_in_both_lists_2() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(6, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(3, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_kth_element_and_occurs_in_both_lists() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{0, 2, 3};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(3, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(2, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void and_kth_element_is_in_first_list() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1,2,3,4};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1,3,4,5};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(3, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(2, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void and_kth_is_in_second_list() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1,3,4,4};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1,2,4,5};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(3, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(2, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void and_elements_in_first_list_are_all_smaller_than_second_list() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1,3,7,9};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{11,12,14,15};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(3, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(7, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void and_elements_in_first_list_are_all_smaller_than_second_list2() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1,3,7,9};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{11,12,14,15};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(4, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(9, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void and_only_elements_from_second_list_are_part_of_result() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{11,12,14,15};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1,3,7,9};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(3, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(7, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void and_only_elements_from_second_list_are_part_of_result2() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{11,12,14,15};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1,3,7,9};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(4, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(9, result);
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Nested
+ class K_is_bigger_than_the_size_of_at_least_one_of_the_lists {
+
+ @Test
+ public void k_is_smaller_than_list1_and_bigger_than_list2() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(5, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(3, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void k_is_bigger_than_list1_and_smaller_than_list2() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(5, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(3, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_k_is_bigger_than_the_size_of_both_lists_and_elements_in_second_list_are_all_smaller_than_first_list() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{9, 11, 13, 55};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1, 2, 3, 7};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(6, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(11, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_k_is_bigger_than_the_size_of_both_lists_and_elements_in_second_list_are_all_bigger_than_first_list() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1, 2, 3, 7};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{9, 11, 13, 55};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(6, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(11, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_k_is_bigger_than_the_size_of_both_lists() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{3, 7, 9, 11, 55};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1, 2, 3, 7, 13};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(7, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(9, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_k_is_bigger_than_the_size_of_both_lists_and_list1_has_more_elements_than_list2() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{3, 7, 9, 11, 55, 77, 100, 200};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1, 2, 3, 7, 13};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(11, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(77, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void max_test() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{100, 200};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(4, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(100, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void max_test2() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{100, 200};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(5, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(200, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_k_is_smaller_than_the_size_of_both_lists_and_kth_element_in_list2() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1, 2, 5};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{1, 3, 4, 7};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(4, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(3, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_k_is_smaller_than_the_size_of_both_lists_and_kth_element_is_smallest_in_list2() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{1, 2, 5};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{3, 4, 7};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(3, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(3, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_k_is_smaller_than_the_size_of_both_lists_and_kth_element_is_smallest_in_list23() {
+ int[] list1 = new int[]{3, 11, 27, 53, 90};
+ int[] list2 = new int[]{4, 20, 21, 100};
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(5, list1, list2);
+ assertEquals(21, result);
+ }
+ }
+
+// @Test
+// public void randomTests() {
+// IntStream.range(1, 100000).forEach(i -> random());
+// }
+
+ private void random() {
+
+ Random random = new Random();
+ int length1 = (Math.abs(random.nextInt())) % 1000 + 1;
+ int length2 = (Math.abs(random.nextInt())) % 1000 + 1;
+
+ int[] list1 = sortedRandomIntArrayOfLength(length1);
+ int[] list2 = sortedRandomIntArrayOfLength(length2);
+
+ int k = (Math.abs(random.nextInt()) % (length1 + length2)) + 1 ;
+
+ int result = findKthSmallestElement(k, list1, list2);
+
+ int result2 = getKthElementSorted(list1, list2, k);
+
+ int result3 = getKthElementMerge(list1, list2, k);
+
+ assertEquals(result2, result);
+ assertEquals(result2, result3);
+ }
+
+ private int[] sortedRandomIntArrayOfLength(int length) {
+ int[] intArray = new Random().ints(length).toArray();
+ Arrays.sort(intArray);
+ return intArray;
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/algorithms-sorting-2/README.md b/algorithms-sorting-2/README.md
index 71c9b8f86c..b31cfceb42 100644
--- a/algorithms-sorting-2/README.md
+++ b/algorithms-sorting-2/README.md
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
- [Sorting a String Alphabetically in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-sort-string-alphabetically)
- [Sorting Strings by Contained Numbers in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-sort-strings-contained-numbers)
-- [How an In-Place Sorting Algorithm Works](https://www.baeldung.com/java-in-place-sorting)
-- [Partitioning and Sorting Arrays with Many Repeated Entries](https://www.baeldung.com/java-sorting-arrays-with-repeated-entries)
+- [Guide to In-Place Sorting Algorithm Works with a Java Implementation](https://www.baeldung.com/java-in-place-sorting)
+- [Partitioning and Sorting Arrays with Many Repeated Entries with Java Examples](https://www.baeldung.com/java-sorting-arrays-with-repeated-entries)
- More articles: [[<-- prev]](/algorithms-sorting)
diff --git a/algorithms-sorting-2/pom.xml b/algorithms-sorting-2/pom.xml
index 529474afda..5ef90b9825 100644
--- a/algorithms-sorting-2/pom.xml
+++ b/algorithms-sorting-2/pom.xml
@@ -44,18 +44,6 @@
-
-
-
-
- org.codehaus.mojo
- exec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}
-
-
-
-
-
3.6.13.9.0
diff --git a/algorithms-sorting/pom.xml b/algorithms-sorting/pom.xml
index 2de8eed04e..1d0b7718ac 100644
--- a/algorithms-sorting/pom.xml
+++ b/algorithms-sorting/pom.xml
@@ -45,18 +45,6 @@
-
-
-
-
- org.codehaus.mojo
- exec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}
-
-
-
-
-
3.6.13.9.0
diff --git a/apache-cxf/README.md b/apache-cxf/README.md
index bedd19a91a..88edaf4e13 100644
--- a/apache-cxf/README.md
+++ b/apache-cxf/README.md
@@ -7,4 +7,3 @@ This module contains articles about Apache CXF
- [Apache CXF Support for RESTful Web Services](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-cxf-rest-api)
- [A Guide to Apache CXF with Spring](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-cxf-with-spring)
- [Introduction to Apache CXF](https://www.baeldung.com/introduction-to-apache-cxf)
-- [Server-Sent Events (SSE) In JAX-RS](https://www.baeldung.com/java-ee-jax-rs-sse)
diff --git a/apache-cxf/pom.xml b/apache-cxf/pom.xml
index 3d64000c2e..0975996c06 100644
--- a/apache-cxf/pom.xml
+++ b/apache-cxf/pom.xml
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
org.codehaus.mojoexec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}
diff --git a/apache-cxf/sse-jaxrs/README.md b/apache-cxf/sse-jaxrs/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d39560b46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-cxf/sse-jaxrs/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+### Relevant Articles:
+
+- [Server-Sent Events (SSE) In JAX-RS](https://www.baeldung.com/java-ee-jax-rs-sse)
diff --git a/apache-libraries/pom.xml b/apache-libraries/pom.xml
index 9f800f1e0b..15404676cc 100644
--- a/apache-libraries/pom.xml
+++ b/apache-libraries/pom.xml
@@ -129,6 +129,11 @@
zookeeper${zookeeper.version}
+
+ com.fasterxml.jackson.core
+ jackson-core
+ ${jackson.version}
+ com.fasterxml.jackson.corejackson-databind
diff --git a/apache-libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/avro/util/serealization/AvroSerealizerDeSerealizerIntegrationTest.java b/apache-libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/avro/util/serealization/AvroSerealizerDeSerealizerIntegrationTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d413e1939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/avro/util/serealization/AvroSerealizerDeSerealizerIntegrationTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package com.baeldung.avro.util.serealization;
+
+import com.baeldung.avro.util.model.Active;
+import com.baeldung.avro.util.model.AvroHttpRequest;
+import com.baeldung.avro.util.model.ClientIdentifier;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class AvroSerealizerDeSerealizerIntegrationTest {
+
+ AvroSerealizer serealizer;
+ AvroDeSerealizer deSerealizer;
+ AvroHttpRequest request;
+
+ @Before
+ public void setUp() throws Exception {
+ serealizer = new AvroSerealizer();
+ deSerealizer = new AvroDeSerealizer();
+
+ ClientIdentifier clientIdentifier = ClientIdentifier.newBuilder()
+ .setHostName("localhost")
+ .setIpAddress("255.255.255.0")
+ .build();
+
+ List employees = new ArrayList();
+ employees.add("James");
+ employees.add("Alice");
+ employees.add("David");
+ employees.add("Han");
+
+ request = AvroHttpRequest.newBuilder()
+ .setRequestTime(01l)
+ .setActive(Active.YES)
+ .setClientIdentifier(clientIdentifier)
+ .setEmployeeNames(employees)
+ .build();
+ }
+
+ @After
+ public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void WhenSerializedUsingJSONEncoder_thenObjectGetsSerialized() {
+ byte[] data = serealizer.serealizeAvroHttpRequestJSON(request);
+ assertTrue(Objects.nonNull(data));
+ assertTrue(data.length > 0);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void WhenSerializedUsingBinaryEncoder_thenObjectGetsSerialized() {
+ byte[] data = serealizer.serealizeAvroHttpRequestBinary(request);
+ assertTrue(Objects.nonNull(data));
+ assertTrue(data.length > 0);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void WhenDeserializeUsingJSONDecoder_thenActualAndExpectedObjectsAreEqual() {
+ byte[] data = serealizer.serealizeAvroHttpRequestJSON(request);
+ AvroHttpRequest actualRequest = deSerealizer.deSerealizeAvroHttpRequestJSON(data);
+ assertEquals(actualRequest, request);
+ assertTrue(actualRequest.getRequestTime()
+ .equals(request.getRequestTime()));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void WhenDeserializeUsingBinaryecoder_thenActualAndExpectedObjectsAreEqual() {
+ byte[] data = serealizer.serealizeAvroHttpRequestBinary(request);
+ AvroHttpRequest actualRequest = deSerealizer.deSerealizeAvroHttpRequestBinary(data);
+ assertEquals(actualRequest, request);
+ assertTrue(actualRequest.getRequestTime()
+ .equals(request.getRequestTime()));
+ }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/apache-libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/avro/util/serealization/AvroSerealizerDeSerealizerUnitTest.java b/apache-libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/avro/util/serealization/AvroSerealizerDeSerealizerUnitTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 992ea806c3..0000000000
--- a/apache-libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/avro/util/serealization/AvroSerealizerDeSerealizerUnitTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.avro.util.serealization;
-
-import com.baeldung.avro.util.model.Active;
-import com.baeldung.avro.util.model.AvroHttpRequest;
-import com.baeldung.avro.util.model.ClientIdentifier;
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-
-public class AvroSerealizerDeSerealizerUnitTest {
-
- AvroSerealizer serealizer;
- AvroDeSerealizer deSerealizer;
- AvroHttpRequest request;
-
- @Before
- public void setUp() throws Exception {
- serealizer = new AvroSerealizer();
- deSerealizer = new AvroDeSerealizer();
-
- ClientIdentifier clientIdentifier = ClientIdentifier.newBuilder()
- .setHostName("localhost")
- .setIpAddress("255.255.255.0")
- .build();
-
- List employees = new ArrayList();
- employees.add("James");
- employees.add("Alice");
- employees.add("David");
- employees.add("Han");
-
- request = AvroHttpRequest.newBuilder()
- .setRequestTime(01l)
- .setActive(Active.YES)
- .setClientIdentifier(clientIdentifier)
- .setEmployeeNames(employees)
- .build();
- }
-
- @After
- public void tearDown() throws Exception {
- }
-
- @Test
- public void WhenSerializedUsingJSONEncoder_thenObjectGetsSerialized() {
- byte[] data = serealizer.serealizeAvroHttpRequestJSON(request);
- assertTrue(Objects.nonNull(data));
- assertTrue(data.length > 0);
- }
-
- @Test
- public void WhenSerializedUsingBinaryEncoder_thenObjectGetsSerialized() {
- byte[] data = serealizer.serealizeAvroHttpRequestBinary(request);
- assertTrue(Objects.nonNull(data));
- assertTrue(data.length > 0);
- }
-
- @Test
- public void WhenDeserializeUsingJSONDecoder_thenActualAndExpectedObjectsAreEqual() {
- byte[] data = serealizer.serealizeAvroHttpRequestJSON(request);
- AvroHttpRequest actualRequest = deSerealizer.deSerealizeAvroHttpRequestJSON(data);
- assertEquals(actualRequest, request);
- assertTrue(actualRequest.getRequestTime()
- .equals(request.getRequestTime()));
- }
-
- @Test
- public void WhenDeserializeUsingBinaryecoder_thenActualAndExpectedObjectsAreEqual() {
- byte[] data = serealizer.serealizeAvroHttpRequestBinary(request);
- AvroHttpRequest actualRequest = deSerealizer.deSerealizeAvroHttpRequestBinary(data);
- assertEquals(actualRequest, request);
- assertTrue(actualRequest.getRequestTime()
- .equals(request.getRequestTime()));
- }
-
-}
-
diff --git a/apache-libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/meecrowave/ArticleEndpointsIntegrationTest.java b/apache-libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/meecrowave/ArticleEndpointsIntegrationTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dbd777231c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/meecrowave/ArticleEndpointsIntegrationTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.baeldung.meecrowave;
+
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.meecrowave.Meecrowave;
+import org.apache.meecrowave.junit.MonoMeecrowave;
+import org.apache.meecrowave.testing.ConfigurationInject;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
+import okhttp3.Request;
+import okhttp3.Response;
+
+@RunWith(MonoMeecrowave.Runner.class)
+public class ArticleEndpointsIntegrationTest {
+
+ @ConfigurationInject
+ private Meecrowave.Builder config;
+ private static OkHttpClient client;
+
+ @BeforeClass
+ public static void setup() {
+ client = new OkHttpClient();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenRetunedArticle_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ final String base = "http://localhost:"+config.getHttpPort();
+
+ Request request = new Request.Builder()
+ .url(base+"/article")
+ .build();
+ Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
+ assertEquals(200, response.code());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/apache-libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/meecrowave/ArticleEndpointsUnitTest.java b/apache-libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/meecrowave/ArticleEndpointsUnitTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index f9a06fd7b9..0000000000
--- a/apache-libraries/src/test/java/com/baeldung/meecrowave/ArticleEndpointsUnitTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.meecrowave;
-
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-import org.apache.meecrowave.Meecrowave;
-import org.apache.meecrowave.junit.MonoMeecrowave;
-import org.apache.meecrowave.testing.ConfigurationInject;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-
-import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
-import okhttp3.Request;
-import okhttp3.Response;
-
-@RunWith(MonoMeecrowave.Runner.class)
-public class ArticleEndpointsUnitTest {
-
- @ConfigurationInject
- private Meecrowave.Builder config;
- private static OkHttpClient client;
-
- @BeforeClass
- public static void setup() {
- client = new OkHttpClient();
- }
-
- @Test
- public void whenRetunedArticle_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
- final String base = "http://localhost:"+config.getHttpPort();
-
- Request request = new Request.Builder()
- .url(base+"/article")
- .build();
- Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
- assertEquals(200, response.code());
- }
-}
diff --git a/apache-poi/README.md b/apache-poi/README.md
index b562fefc29..d500787536 100644
--- a/apache-poi/README.md
+++ b/apache-poi/README.md
@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@
This module contains articles about Apache POI
### Relevant Articles:
+
- [Microsoft Word Processing in Java with Apache POI](https://www.baeldung.com/java-microsoft-word-with-apache-poi)
- [Working with Microsoft Excel in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-microsoft-excel)
- [Creating a MS PowerPoint Presentation in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-poi-slideshow)
- [Merge Cells in Excel Using Apache POI](https://www.baeldung.com/java-apache-poi-merge-cells)
- [Get String Value of Excel Cell with Apache POI](https://www.baeldung.com/java-apache-poi-cell-string-value)
- [Read Excel Cell Value Rather Than Formula With Apache POI](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-poi-read-cell-value-formula)
+- [Setting Formulas in Excel with Apache POI](https://www.baeldung.com/java-apache-poi-set-formulas)
+- [Insert a Row in Excel Using Apache POI](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-poi-insert-excel-row)
diff --git a/apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/setformula/ExcelFormula.java b/apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/setformula/ExcelFormula.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f5179b19c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/setformula/ExcelFormula.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.poi.excel.setformula;
+
+import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCell;
+import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFFormulaEvaluator;
+import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
+import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class ExcelFormula {
+ public double setFormula(String fileLocation, XSSFWorkbook wb, String formula) throws IOException {
+ XSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
+ int lastCellNum = sheet.getRow(0).getLastCellNum();
+ XSSFCell formulaCell = sheet.getRow(0).createCell(lastCellNum);
+ formulaCell.setCellFormula(formula);
+ XSSFFormulaEvaluator formulaEvaluator = wb.getCreationHelper().createFormulaEvaluator();
+ formulaEvaluator.evaluateFormulaCell(formulaCell);
+ FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream(new File(fileLocation));
+ wb.write(fileOut);
+ wb.close();
+ fileOut.close();
+ return formulaCell.getNumericCellValue();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/apache-poi/src/main/resources/com/baeldung/poi/excel/setformula/SetFormulaTest.xlsx b/apache-poi/src/main/resources/com/baeldung/poi/excel/setformula/SetFormulaTest.xlsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0fe73f0eb
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-poi/src/main/resources/com/baeldung/poi/excel/setformula/SetFormulaTest.xlsx differ
diff --git a/apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/insert/ExcelInsertRowUnitTest.java b/apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/insert/ExcelInsertRowUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f137aa4d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/insert/ExcelInsertRowUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package com.baeldung.poi.excel.insert;
+
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
+import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+
+public class ExcelInsertRowUnitTest {
+ private static final String FILE_NAME = "test.xlsx";
+ private static final String NEW_FILE_NAME = "new_test.xlsx";
+ private String fileLocation;
+
+ @Before
+ public void setup() throws URISyntaxException {
+ fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenWorkbook_whenInsertRowBetween_thenRowCreated() throws IOException {
+ int startRow = 2;
+ int rowNumber = 1;
+ Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fileLocation);
+ Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
+ int lastRow = sheet.getLastRowNum();
+ if (lastRow < startRow) {
+ sheet.createRow(startRow);
+ }
+ sheet.shiftRows(startRow, lastRow, rowNumber, true, true);
+ sheet.createRow(startRow);
+ FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(NEW_FILE_NAME);
+ workbook.write(outputStream);
+ File file = new File(NEW_FILE_NAME);
+
+ final int expectedRowResult = 5;
+ Assertions.assertEquals(expectedRowResult, workbook.getSheetAt(0).getLastRowNum());
+
+ outputStream.close();
+ file.delete();
+ workbook.close();
+ }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/setformula/ExcelFormulaUnitTest.java b/apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/setformula/ExcelFormulaUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa5baa37fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/setformula/ExcelFormulaUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package com.baeldung.poi.excel.setformula;
+
+import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellReference;
+import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
+import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+
+class ExcelFormulaUnitTest {
+ private static String FILE_NAME = "com/baeldung/poi/excel/setformula/SetFormulaTest.xlsx";
+ private String fileLocation;
+ private ExcelFormula excelFormula;
+
+ @BeforeEach
+ public void setup() throws URISyntaxException {
+ fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
+ excelFormula = new ExcelFormula();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenExcelData_whenSetFormula_thenSuccess() throws IOException {
+ FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(new File(fileLocation));
+ XSSFWorkbook wb = new XSSFWorkbook(inputStream);
+ XSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
+ double resultColumnA = 0;
+ double resultColumnB = 0;
+ for (int row = 0; row <= sheet.getLastRowNum(); row++) {
+ resultColumnA += sheet.getRow(row).getCell(0).getNumericCellValue();
+ resultColumnB += sheet.getRow(row).getCell(1).getNumericCellValue();
+ }
+ String colNameA = CellReference.convertNumToColString(0);
+ String colNameB = CellReference.convertNumToColString(1);
+ String startCellA = colNameA + 1;
+ String stopCellA = colNameA + (sheet.getLastRowNum() + 1);
+ String sumFormulaForColumnA = String.format("SUM(%s:%s)", startCellA, stopCellA);
+ String startCellB = colNameB + 1;
+ String stopCellB = colNameB + (sheet.getLastRowNum() + 1);
+ String sumFormulaForColumnB = String.format("SUM(%s:%s)", startCellB, stopCellB);
+
+ double resultValue = excelFormula.setFormula(fileLocation, wb, sumFormulaForColumnA + "-" + sumFormulaForColumnB);
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(resultColumnA - resultColumnB, resultValue, 0d);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/apache-shiro/README.md b/apache-shiro/README.md
index ed63c569da..3a0088072f 100644
--- a/apache-shiro/README.md
+++ b/apache-shiro/README.md
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ This module contains articles about Apache Shiro
- [Introduction to Apache Shiro](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-shiro)
- [Permissions-Based Access Control with Apache Shiro](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-shiro-access-control)
-
+- [Spring Security vs Apache Shiro](https://www.baeldung.com/spring-security-vs-apache-shiro)
diff --git a/apache-spark/README.md b/apache-spark/README.md
index c60b556d51..3a2d2f4e15 100644
--- a/apache-spark/README.md
+++ b/apache-spark/README.md
@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ This module contains articles about Apache Spark
- [Building a Data Pipeline with Kafka, Spark Streaming and Cassandra](https://www.baeldung.com/kafka-spark-data-pipeline)
- [Machine Learning with Spark MLlib](https://www.baeldung.com/spark-mlib-machine-learning)
- [Introduction to Spark Graph Processing with GraphFrames](https://www.baeldung.com/spark-graph-graphframes)
+- [Apache Spark: Differences between Dataframes, Datasets and RDDs](https://www.baeldung.com/java-spark-dataframe-dataset-rdd)
diff --git a/apache-spark/data/Tourist.csv b/apache-spark/data/Tourist.csv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4970e8c2f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-spark/data/Tourist.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,2247 @@
+Region,Country,Year,Series,Series_Type,Series_Type_Footnote,Value,Footnotes,Source
+4,Afghanistan,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,147.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+4,Afghanistan,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,62.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+4,Afghanistan,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,16.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+4,Afghanistan,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,50.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+8,Albania,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2191.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+8,Albania,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4070.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+8,Albania,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4643.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+8,Albania,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5340.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+8,Albania,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,70.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+8,Albania,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,880.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+8,Albania,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1778.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+8,Albania,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1821.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+8,Albania,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2050.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+8,Albania,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2306.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+12,Algeria,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,520.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+12,Algeria,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1443.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+12,Algeria,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,2070.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+12,Algeria,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,2039.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+12,Algeria,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,2451.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+12,Algeria,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,2657.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+12,Algeria,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,477.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+12,Algeria,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,324.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+12,Algeria,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,246.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+12,Algeria,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,172.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+16,American Samoa,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,34.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+16,American Samoa,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,24.5000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+16,American Samoa,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,23.1000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+16,American Samoa,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,20.1000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+16,American Samoa,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,20.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+16,American Samoa,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,20.2000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+16,American Samoa,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,22.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+16,American Samoa,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,22.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+20,Andorra,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2418.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+20,Andorra,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1808.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+20,Andorra,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2819.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+20,Andorra,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3003.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+20,Andorra,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3042.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+24,Angola,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,9.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+24,Angola,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,210.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+24,Angola,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,425.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+24,Angola,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,397.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+24,Angola,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,261.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+24,Angola,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,218.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+24,Angola,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,27.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+24,Angola,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,103.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+24,Angola,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,726.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+24,Angola,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,628.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+24,Angola,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,884.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+24,Angola,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,557.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+660,Anguilla,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,39.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+660,Anguilla,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,62.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+660,Anguilla,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,62.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+660,Anguilla,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,79.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+660,Anguilla,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,68.3000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+660,Anguilla,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,55.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+660,Anguilla,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,50.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+660,Anguilla,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,86.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+660,Anguilla,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,99.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+660,Anguilla,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,136.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+660,Anguilla,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,141.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+660,Anguilla,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,102.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+28,Antigua and Barbuda,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,220.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+28,Antigua and Barbuda,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,245.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+28,Antigua and Barbuda,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,230.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+28,Antigua and Barbuda,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,265.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+28,Antigua and Barbuda,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,247.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+28,Antigua and Barbuda,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,269.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+28,Antigua and Barbuda,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,247.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+28,Antigua and Barbuda,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,309.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+28,Antigua and Barbuda,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,298.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+28,Antigua and Barbuda,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,753.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+28,Antigua and Barbuda,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,737.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+28,Antigua and Barbuda,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,881.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+32,Argentina,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2289.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+32,Argentina,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3823.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+32,Argentina,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6800.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+32,Argentina,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6668.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+32,Argentina,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6711.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+32,Argentina,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6942.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+32,Argentina,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2550.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+32,Argentina,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3209.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+32,Argentina,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5605.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+32,Argentina,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5466.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+32,Argentina,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5835.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+32,Argentina,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5999.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+51,Armenia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,12.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+51,Armenia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,319.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+51,Armenia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,684.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+51,Armenia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1260.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+51,Armenia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1495.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+51,Armenia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1652.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+51,Armenia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,14.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+51,Armenia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,243.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+51,Armenia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,694.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+51,Armenia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,988.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+51,Armenia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1140.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+51,Armenia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1237.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+533,Aruba,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,619.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+533,Aruba,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,733.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+533,Aruba,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,824.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+533,Aruba,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1102.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+533,Aruba,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1070.5000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+533,Aruba,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1082.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+533,Aruba,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,554.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+533,Aruba,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1097.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+533,Aruba,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1254.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+533,Aruba,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1764.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+533,Aruba,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1857.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+533,Aruba,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2024.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+36,Australia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,3726.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+36,Australia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,5499.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+36,Australia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,5790.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+36,Australia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,8269.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+36,Australia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,8815.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+36,Australia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,9246.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+36,Australia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,10370.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+36,Australia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,19719.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+36,Australia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,31064.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+36,Australia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,39059.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+36,Australia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,43975.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+36,Australia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,47327.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+40,Austria,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,17173.0000,Only paid accommodation; excluding stays at friends and relatives and second homes.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+40,Austria,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,19952.0000,Only paid accommodation; excluding stays at friends and relatives and second homes.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+40,Austria,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,22004.0000,Only paid accommodation; excluding stays at friends and relatives and second homes.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+40,Austria,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,28121.0000,Only paid accommodation; excluding stays at friends and relatives and second homes.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+40,Austria,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,29460.0000,Only paid accommodation; excluding stays at friends and relatives and second homes.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+40,Austria,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,30816.0000,Only paid accommodation; excluding stays at friends and relatives and second homes.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+40,Austria,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,13435.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+40,Austria,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,16243.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+40,Austria,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,18751.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+40,Austria,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,19244.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+40,Austria,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,20333.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+40,Austria,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,23233.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+31,Azerbaijan,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,693.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+31,Azerbaijan,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1280.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+31,Azerbaijan,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2044.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+31,Azerbaijan,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2454.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+31,Azerbaijan,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2633.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+31,Azerbaijan,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,87.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+31,Azerbaijan,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,100.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+31,Azerbaijan,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,792.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+31,Azerbaijan,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2855.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+31,Azerbaijan,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3214.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+31,Azerbaijan,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2830.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+44,Bahamas,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1598.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+44,Bahamas,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1608.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+44,Bahamas,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1370.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+44,Bahamas,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1500.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+44,Bahamas,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1442.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+44,Bahamas,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1633.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+44,Bahamas,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1356.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+44,Bahamas,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2081.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+44,Bahamas,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2159.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+44,Bahamas,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3091.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+44,Bahamas,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3017.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+44,Bahamas,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3383.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+48,Bahrain,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,2311.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+48,Bahrain,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,6313.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+48,Bahrain,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,11952.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+48,Bahrain,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,10158.0000,Break in the time series.;Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+48,Bahrain,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,11374.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+48,Bahrain,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,12045.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+48,Bahrain,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,593.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+48,Bahrain,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1603.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+48,Bahrain,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2163.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+48,Bahrain,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4021.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+48,Bahrain,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4380.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+48,Bahrain,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3834.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+50,Bangladesh,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,156.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+50,Bangladesh,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,208.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+50,Bangladesh,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,303.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+50,Bangladesh,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,830.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+50,Bangladesh,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1026.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+50,Bangladesh,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,82.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+50,Bangladesh,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,103.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+50,Bangladesh,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,214.3000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+50,Bangladesh,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,348.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+50,Bangladesh,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,357.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+52,Barbados,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,442.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+52,Barbados,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,548.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+52,Barbados,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,532.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+52,Barbados,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,632.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+52,Barbados,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,664.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+52,Barbados,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,680.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+52,Barbados,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,630.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+52,Barbados,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1081.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+52,Barbados,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1074.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+112,Belarus,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,160.6000,Excludes the Belarusian-Russian border segment.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+112,Belarus,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,91.0000,Excludes the Belarusian-Russian border segment.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+112,Belarus,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,119.3000,Excludes the Belarusian-Russian border segment.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+112,Belarus,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,10935.4000,Includes estimation of the Belarusian-Russian border segment.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+112,Belarus,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,11060.2000,Includes estimation of the Belarusian-Russian border segment.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+112,Belarus,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,11501.6000,Includes estimation of the Belarusian-Russian border segment.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+112,Belarus,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,28.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+112,Belarus,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,346.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+112,Belarus,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,665.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+112,Belarus,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1019.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+112,Belarus,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1124.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+112,Belarus,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1221.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+56,Belgium,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,5560.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+56,Belgium,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,6747.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+56,Belgium,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,7186.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+56,Belgium,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,7481.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+56,Belgium,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,8385.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+56,Belgium,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,9119.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+56,Belgium,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,10881.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+56,Belgium,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,12680.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+56,Belgium,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8784.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+56,Belgium,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9636.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+56,Belgium,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,10381.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+84,Belize,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,131.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+84,Belize,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,237.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+84,Belize,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,242.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+84,Belize,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,386.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+84,Belize,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,427.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+84,Belize,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,489.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+84,Belize,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,78.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+84,Belize,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,214.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+84,Belize,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,264.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+84,Belize,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,391.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+84,Belize,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,427.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+84,Belize,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,487.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+204,Benin,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,138.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+204,Benin,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,176.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+204,Benin,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,199.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+204,Benin,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,267.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+204,Benin,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,281.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+204,Benin,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,295.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+204,Benin,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,107.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+204,Benin,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,149.4000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+204,Benin,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,129.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+204,Benin,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,160.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+60,Bermuda,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,387.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+60,Bermuda,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,270.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+60,Bermuda,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,232.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+60,Bermuda,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,244.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+60,Bermuda,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,270.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+60,Bermuda,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,282.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+60,Bermuda,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,488.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+60,Bermuda,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,429.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+60,Bermuda,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,442.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+60,Bermuda,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,441.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+60,Bermuda,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,513.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+60,Bermuda,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,583.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+64,Bhutan,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4.8000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+64,Bhutan,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,13.6000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+64,Bhutan,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,41.0000,Break in the time series.;Including regional high end tourists.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+64,Bhutan,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,210.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+64,Bhutan,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,255.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+64,Bhutan,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,274.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+64,Bhutan,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+64,Bhutan,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,19.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+64,Bhutan,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,64.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+64,Bhutan,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,139.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+64,Bhutan,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,153.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+64,Bhutan,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,121.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+68,Bolivia (Plurin. State of),1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,284.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+68,Bolivia (Plurin. State of),2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,524.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+68,Bolivia (Plurin. State of),2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,679.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+68,Bolivia (Plurin. State of),2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,961.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+68,Bolivia (Plurin. State of),2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1109.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+68,Bolivia (Plurin. State of),2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1142.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+68,Bolivia (Plurin. State of),1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,92.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+68,Bolivia (Plurin. State of),2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,345.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+68,Bolivia (Plurin. State of),2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,339.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+68,Bolivia (Plurin. State of),2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,827.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+68,Bolivia (Plurin. State of),2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,912.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+68,Bolivia (Plurin. State of),2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,970.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+669,Bonaire,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,59.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+669,Bonaire,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,63.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+669,Bonaire,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,71.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+669,Bonaire,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,37.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+669,Bonaire,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,87.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+70,Bosnia and Herzegovina,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,217.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+70,Bosnia and Herzegovina,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,365.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+70,Bosnia and Herzegovina,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,778.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+70,Bosnia and Herzegovina,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,923.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+70,Bosnia and Herzegovina,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1053.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+70,Bosnia and Herzegovina,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,557.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+70,Bosnia and Herzegovina,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,662.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+70,Bosnia and Herzegovina,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,876.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+70,Bosnia and Herzegovina,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,985.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+70,Bosnia and Herzegovina,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1081.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+72,Botswana,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,521.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+72,Botswana,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1474.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+72,Botswana,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1973.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+72,Botswana,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1574.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+72,Botswana,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1623.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+72,Botswana,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,176.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+72,Botswana,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,563.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+72,Botswana,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,440.1000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+72,Botswana,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,505.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+72,Botswana,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,541.6000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+72,Botswana,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,575.3000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+76,Brazil,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1991.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+76,Brazil,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5358.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+76,Brazil,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5161.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+76,Brazil,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6547.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+76,Brazil,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6589.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+76,Brazil,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6621.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+76,Brazil,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1085.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+76,Brazil,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4168.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+76,Brazil,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5522.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+76,Brazil,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6613.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+76,Brazil,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6175.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+76,Brazil,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6324.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+92,British Virgin Islands,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,219.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+92,British Virgin Islands,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,337.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+92,British Virgin Islands,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,330.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+92,British Virgin Islands,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,408.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+92,British Virgin Islands,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,335.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+92,British Virgin Islands,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,192.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+92,British Virgin Islands,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,211.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+92,British Virgin Islands,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,412.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+92,British Virgin Islands,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,389.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+96,Brunei Darussalam,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,126.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+96,Brunei Darussalam,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,214.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+96,Brunei Darussalam,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,219.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+96,Brunei Darussalam,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,259.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+96,Brunei Darussalam,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,278.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+96,Brunei Darussalam,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,191.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+96,Brunei Darussalam,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,144.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+96,Brunei Darussalam,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,177.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+96,Brunei Darussalam,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,190.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+100,Bulgaria,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3466.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+100,Bulgaria,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4837.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+100,Bulgaria,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6047.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+100,Bulgaria,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8252.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+100,Bulgaria,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8883.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+100,Bulgaria,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,9273.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+100,Bulgaria,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,662.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+100,Bulgaria,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3063.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+100,Bulgaria,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3807.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+100,Bulgaria,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4164.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+100,Bulgaria,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4678.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+100,Bulgaria,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5072.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+854,Burkina Faso,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,124.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+854,Burkina Faso,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,245.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+854,Burkina Faso,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,274.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+854,Burkina Faso,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,152.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+854,Burkina Faso,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,143.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+854,Burkina Faso,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,144.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+854,Burkina Faso,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,46.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+854,Burkina Faso,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,105.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+854,Burkina Faso,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,172.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+854,Burkina Faso,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,172.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+108,Burundi,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,34.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+108,Burundi,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,148.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+108,Burundi,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,142.0000,Break in the time series.;Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+108,Burundi,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,187.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+108,Burundi,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,299.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+108,Burundi,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2.4250,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+108,Burundi,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1.9000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+108,Burundi,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2.1000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+132,Cabo Verde,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,28.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+132,Cabo Verde,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,198.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in hotels and similar establishments.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+132,Cabo Verde,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,336.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in hotels and similar establishments.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+132,Cabo Verde,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,598.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in hotels and similar establishments.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+132,Cabo Verde,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,668.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in hotels and similar establishments.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+132,Cabo Verde,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,710.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in hotels and similar establishments.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+132,Cabo Verde,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,29.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+132,Cabo Verde,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,177.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+132,Cabo Verde,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,387.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+132,Cabo Verde,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,397.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+132,Cabo Verde,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,450.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+132,Cabo Verde,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,524.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+116,Cambodia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,220.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+116,Cambodia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1422.0000,Arrivals by all means of transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+116,Cambodia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2508.0000,Arrivals by all means of transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+116,Cambodia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5012.0000,Arrivals by all means of transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+116,Cambodia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5602.0000,Arrivals by all means of transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+116,Cambodia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6201.0000,Arrivals by all means of transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+116,Cambodia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,71.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+116,Cambodia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,929.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+116,Cambodia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1671.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+116,Cambodia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3523.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+116,Cambodia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4024.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+116,Cambodia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4832.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+120,Cameroon,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,573.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+120,Cameroon,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,994.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+120,Cameroon,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1081.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+120,Cameroon,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,75.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+120,Cameroon,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,229.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+120,Cameroon,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,171.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+120,Cameroon,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,508.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+120,Cameroon,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,543.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+120,Cameroon,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,633.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+124,Canada,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,16932.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+124,Canada,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,18771.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+124,Canada,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,16219.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+124,Canada,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,19971.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+124,Canada,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,20883.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+124,Canada,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,21134.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+124,Canada,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9176.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+124,Canada,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,15887.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+124,Canada,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,18439.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+136,Cayman Islands,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,361.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+136,Cayman Islands,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,168.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+136,Cayman Islands,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,288.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+136,Cayman Islands,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,385.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+136,Cayman Islands,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,418.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+136,Cayman Islands,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,463.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+136,Cayman Islands,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,394.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+136,Cayman Islands,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,356.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+136,Cayman Islands,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,465.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+136,Cayman Islands,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,696.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+136,Cayman Islands,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,782.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+136,Cayman Islands,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,880.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+140,Central African Republic,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,26.0000,Arrivals by air at Bangui only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+140,Central African Republic,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,12.0000,Arrivals by air at Bangui only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+140,Central African Republic,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,53.8000,Arrivals by air at Bangui only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+140,Central African Republic,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,82.0000,Arrivals by air at Bangui only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+140,Central African Republic,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,107.0000,Arrivals by air at Bangui only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+140,Central African Republic,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4.0000,Arrivals by air at Bangui only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+140,Central African Republic,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7.2000,Arrivals by air at Bangui only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+140,Central African Republic,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,14.4000,Arrivals by air at Bangui only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+148,Chad,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,71.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+148,Chad,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,98.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+148,Chad,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,87.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+148,Chad,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,43.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+152,Chile,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1540.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+152,Chile,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2027.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+152,Chile,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2801.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+152,Chile,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5641.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+152,Chile,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6450.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+152,Chile,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5723.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+152,Chile,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1186.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+152,Chile,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1608.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+152,Chile,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2362.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+152,Chile,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3744.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+152,Chile,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4372.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+152,Chile,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3972.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+156,China,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,20034.0000,"For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+156,China,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,46809.0000,"For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+156,China,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,55664.0000,"For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+156,China,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,59270.0000,"For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+156,China,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,60740.0000,"For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+156,China,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,62900.0000,"For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+156,China,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8730.0000,"For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.;Excluding passenger transport.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+156,China,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,29296.0000,"For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.;Excluding passenger transport.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+156,China,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,45814.0000,"For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.;Excluding passenger transport.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+156,China,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,44432.0000,"For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.;Excluding passenger transport.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+156,China,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,38559.0000,"For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.;Excluding passenger transport.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+156,China,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,40386.0000,"For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.;Excluding passenger transport.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+344,"China, Hong Kong SAR",2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,14773.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+344,"China, Hong Kong SAR",2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,20085.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+344,"China, Hong Kong SAR",2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,26553.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+344,"China, Hong Kong SAR",2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,27884.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+344,"China, Hong Kong SAR",2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,29263.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+344,"China, Hong Kong SAR",2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,13588.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+344,"China, Hong Kong SAR",2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,27208.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+344,"China, Hong Kong SAR",2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,37838.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+344,"China, Hong Kong SAR",2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,38170.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+344,"China, Hong Kong SAR",2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,41870.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+446,"China, Macao SAR",1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4202.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+446,"China, Macao SAR",2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,9014.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+446,"China, Macao SAR",2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,11926.0000,"Does not include other non-residents namely workers, students, etc.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+446,"China, Macao SAR",2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,15703.6000,"Does not include other non-residents namely workers, students, etc.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+446,"China, Macao SAR",2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,17255.0000,"Does not include other non-residents namely workers, students, etc.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+446,"China, Macao SAR",2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,18493.0000,"Does not include other non-residents namely workers, students, etc.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+446,"China, Macao SAR",1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3233.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+446,"China, Macao SAR",2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7181.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+446,"China, Macao SAR",2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,22688.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+446,"China, Macao SAR",2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,31015.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+446,"China, Macao SAR",2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,36465.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+446,"China, Macao SAR",2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,40358.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+170,Colombia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1399.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+170,Colombia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,933.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+170,Colombia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1405.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+170,Colombia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3254.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+170,Colombia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3631.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+170,Colombia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3904.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+170,Colombia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,887.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+170,Colombia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1891.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+170,Colombia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3441.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+170,Colombia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5584.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+170,Colombia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5882.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+170,Colombia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6617.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+174,Comoros,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,23.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+174,Comoros,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,25.9000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+174,Comoros,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,15.3000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+174,Comoros,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,26.8000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+174,Comoros,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,28.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+174,Comoros,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,35.9000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+174,Comoros,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,22.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+174,Comoros,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,24.4000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+174,Comoros,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,35.2000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+174,Comoros,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,50.5000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+174,Comoros,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,60.6000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+174,Comoros,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,76.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+178,Congo,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,35.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+178,Congo,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,194.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+178,Congo,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,211.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+178,Congo,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,149.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+178,Congo,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,156.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+178,Congo,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,14.6691,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+178,Congo,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,39.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+178,Congo,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,42.9000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+184,Cook Islands,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,48.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+184,Cook Islands,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,88.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+184,Cook Islands,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,104.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+184,Cook Islands,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,146.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+184,Cook Islands,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,161.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+184,Cook Islands,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,169.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+184,Cook Islands,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,28.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+184,Cook Islands,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,91.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+184,Cook Islands,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,111.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+184,Cook Islands,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,137.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+184,Cook Islands,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,153.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+188,Costa Rica,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,785.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+188,Costa Rica,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1679.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+188,Costa Rica,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2100.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+188,Costa Rica,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2925.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+188,Costa Rica,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2960.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+188,Costa Rica,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3017.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+188,Costa Rica,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,763.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+188,Costa Rica,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2008.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+188,Costa Rica,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2426.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+188,Costa Rica,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3776.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+188,Costa Rica,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3826.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+188,Costa Rica,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3995.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+384,Côte d’Ivoire,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,252.0000,Arrivals to Félix Houphouët Boigny Airport only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+384,Côte d’Ivoire,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1583.0000,Arrivals to Félix Houphouët Boigny Airport only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+384,Côte d’Ivoire,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1800.0000,Arrivals to Félix Houphouët Boigny Airport only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+384,Côte d’Ivoire,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1965.0000,Arrivals to Félix Houphouët Boigny Airport only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+384,Côte d’Ivoire,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,103.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+384,Côte d’Ivoire,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,93.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+384,Côte d’Ivoire,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,213.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+384,Côte d’Ivoire,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,477.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+384,Côte d’Ivoire,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,508.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+191,Croatia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1485.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+191,Croatia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,7743.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+191,Croatia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,9111.0000,Excluding arrivals in ports of nautical tourism.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+191,Croatia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,13809.0000,Excluding arrivals in ports of nautical tourism.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+191,Croatia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,15593.0000,Excluding arrivals in ports of nautical tourism.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+191,Croatia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,16645.0000,Excluding arrivals in ports of nautical tourism.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+191,Croatia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7625.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+191,Croatia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8299.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+191,Croatia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9820.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+191,Croatia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,11128.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+191,Croatia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,12075.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+192,Cuba,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,742.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+192,Cuba,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2261.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+192,Cuba,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2507.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+192,Cuba,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3975.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+192,Cuba,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4594.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+192,Cuba,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4684.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+192,Cuba,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1100.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+192,Cuba,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2591.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+192,Cuba,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2396.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+192,Cuba,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3069.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+192,Cuba,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3302.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+192,Cuba,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2969.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+531,Curaçao,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,224.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+531,Curaçao,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,222.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+531,Curaçao,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,342.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+531,Curaçao,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,441.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+531,Curaçao,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,399.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+531,Curaçao,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,432.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+531,Curaçao,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,175.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+531,Curaçao,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,244.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+531,Curaçao,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,438.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+531,Curaçao,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,644.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+531,Curaçao,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,572.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+531,Curaçao,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,605.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+196,Cyprus,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2100.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+196,Cyprus,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2470.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+196,Cyprus,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2173.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+196,Cyprus,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3187.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+196,Cyprus,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3652.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+196,Cyprus,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3939.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+196,Cyprus,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2018.0443,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+196,Cyprus,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2644.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+196,Cyprus,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2137.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+196,Cyprus,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2870.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+196,Cyprus,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3274.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+196,Cyprus,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3449.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+203,Czechia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,9404.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+203,Czechia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8629.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+203,Czechia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,12808.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+203,Czechia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,13665.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+203,Czechia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5772.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+203,Czechia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8068.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+203,Czechia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7041.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+203,Czechia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7695.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+203,Czechia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8291.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+180,Dem. Rep. of the Congo,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,35.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+180,Dem. Rep. of the Congo,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,61.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+180,Dem. Rep. of the Congo,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,81.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+180,Dem. Rep. of the Congo,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,351.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+180,Dem. Rep. of the Congo,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3.2000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+180,Dem. Rep. of the Congo,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,10.7000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+180,Dem. Rep. of the Congo,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4.3000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+180,Dem. Rep. of the Congo,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+180,Dem. Rep. of the Congo,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,60.5000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+208,Denmark,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,9587.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+208,Denmark,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,9425.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+208,Denmark,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,10781.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+208,Denmark,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,12426.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+208,Denmark,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,12749.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+208,Denmark,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3691.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+208,Denmark,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5293.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+208,Denmark,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5704.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+208,Denmark,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7494.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+208,Denmark,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8508.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+208,Denmark,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9097.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+262,Djibouti,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,21.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+262,Djibouti,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,30.2000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+262,Djibouti,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,51.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+262,Djibouti,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5.4000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+262,Djibouti,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7.1000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+262,Djibouti,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,18.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+262,Djibouti,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,33.5000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+262,Djibouti,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,36.2000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+262,Djibouti,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,57.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+212,Dominica,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,60.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+212,Dominica,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,79.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+212,Dominica,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,77.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+212,Dominica,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,78.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+212,Dominica,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,72.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+212,Dominica,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,63.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+212,Dominica,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,42.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+212,Dominica,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,57.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+212,Dominica,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,94.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+212,Dominica,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,198.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+212,Dominica,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,161.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+212,Dominica,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,111.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+214,Dominican Republic,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1776.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.;Excluding the passengers at Herrera airport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+214,Dominican Republic,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3691.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+214,Dominican Republic,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4125.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+214,Dominican Republic,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5959.3000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+214,Dominican Republic,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6188.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+214,Dominican Republic,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6569.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+214,Dominican Republic,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1571.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+214,Dominican Republic,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3518.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+214,Dominican Republic,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4162.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+214,Dominican Republic,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6720.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+214,Dominican Republic,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7184.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+214,Dominican Republic,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7561.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+218,Ecuador,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,440.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+218,Ecuador,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,860.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+218,Ecuador,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1047.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+218,Ecuador,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1569.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+218,Ecuador,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1806.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+218,Ecuador,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,2535.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+218,Ecuador,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,315.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+218,Ecuador,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,488.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+218,Ecuador,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,786.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+218,Ecuador,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1450.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+218,Ecuador,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1554.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+218,Ecuador,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1878.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+818,Egypt,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2871.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+818,Egypt,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8244.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+818,Egypt,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,14051.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+818,Egypt,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5258.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+818,Egypt,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8157.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+818,Egypt,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,11196.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+818,Egypt,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2954.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+818,Egypt,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7206.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+818,Egypt,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,13633.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+818,Egypt,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3306.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+818,Egypt,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8636.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+818,Egypt,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,12704.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+222,El Salvador,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,235.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+222,El Salvador,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1127.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+222,El Salvador,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1150.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+222,El Salvador,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1434.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+222,El Salvador,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1556.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+222,El Salvador,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1677.3000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+222,El Salvador,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,152.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+222,El Salvador,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,656.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+222,El Salvador,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,646.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+222,El Salvador,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1161.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+222,El Salvador,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1227.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+222,El Salvador,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1370.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+226,Equatorial Guinea,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+232,Eritrea,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,315.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+232,Eritrea,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,83.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+232,Eritrea,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,84.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+232,Eritrea,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,142.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+232,Eritrea,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,58.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+232,Eritrea,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,66.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+232,Eritrea,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,48.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+233,Estonia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,530.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+233,Estonia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1917.0000,"Border statistics are not collected any more, surveys used instead.;Calculated on the basis of accommodation statistics and “Foreign Visitor Survey” carried out by the Statistical Office of Estonia.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+233,Estonia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2511.0000,"Border statistics are not collected any more, surveys used instead.;Based on mobile positioning data.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+233,Estonia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3131.0000,"Border statistics are not collected any more, surveys used instead.;Based on mobile positioning data.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+233,Estonia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3244.0000,"Border statistics are not collected any more, surveys used instead.;Based on mobile positioning data.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+233,Estonia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3234.0000,"Border statistics are not collected any more, surveys used instead.;Based on mobile positioning data.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+233,Estonia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,452.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+233,Estonia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1229.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+233,Estonia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1916.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+233,Estonia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2126.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+233,Estonia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2332.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+748,Eswatini,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,300.0000,Arrivals in hotels only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+748,Eswatini,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,837.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+748,Eswatini,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,868.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+748,Eswatini,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,947.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+748,Eswatini,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,921.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+748,Eswatini,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,782.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+748,Eswatini,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,54.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+748,Eswatini,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,77.3000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+748,Eswatini,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,51.4000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+748,Eswatini,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,13.2000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+748,Eswatini,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,13.2000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+748,Eswatini,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,16.4000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+231,Ethiopia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,103.0000,Arrivals to Bole airport only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+231,Ethiopia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,227.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals through all ports of entry.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+231,Ethiopia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,468.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals through all ports of entry.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+231,Ethiopia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,871.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals through all ports of entry.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+231,Ethiopia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,933.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals through all ports of entry.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+231,Ethiopia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,849.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals through all ports of entry.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+231,Ethiopia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,177.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+231,Ethiopia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,533.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+231,Ethiopia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1434.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+231,Ethiopia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2138.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+231,Ethiopia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2505.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+231,Ethiopia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3548.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+242,Fiji,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,318.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+242,Fiji,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,545.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+242,Fiji,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,632.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+242,Fiji,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,792.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+242,Fiji,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,843.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+242,Fiji,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,870.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+242,Fiji,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,369.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+242,Fiji,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,722.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+242,Fiji,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,825.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+242,Fiji,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1149.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+242,Fiji,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1243.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+242,Fiji,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1370.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+246,Finland,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1779.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+246,Finland,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,2080.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+246,Finland,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,2319.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+246,Finland,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,2789.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+246,Finland,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,3180.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+246,Finland,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,3224.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+246,Finland,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2383.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+246,Finland,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3069.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+246,Finland,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4497.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+246,Finland,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4016.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+246,Finland,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5207.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+246,Finland,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5663.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+250,France,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,60033.0000,Estimated based on surveys at national borders.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+250,France,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,74988.0000,Arrivals of non-resident visitors.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+250,France,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,76647.0000,Arrivals of non-resident visitors.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+250,France,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,82682.0000,Arrivals of non-resident visitors.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+250,France,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,86758.0000,Arrivals of non-resident visitors.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+250,France,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,89322.0000,Estimate.;Arrivals of non-resident visitors.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+250,France,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,31295.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+250,France,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,52126.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+250,France,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,56178.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+250,France,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,63557.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+250,France,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,67936.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+250,France,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,73125.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+254,French Guiana,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,95.0000,Survey at Cayenne-Rochambeau airport on departure.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+254,French Guiana,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,96.0000,Survey at Cayenne-Rochambeau airport on departure.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+254,French Guiana,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,111.0000,Survey at Cayenne-Rochambeau airport on departure.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+254,French Guiana,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,44.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+258,French Polynesia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,172.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+258,French Polynesia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,208.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+258,French Polynesia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,154.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+258,French Polynesia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,192.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+258,French Polynesia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,199.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+258,French Polynesia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,216.3000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+258,French Polynesia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,326.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+258,French Polynesia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,759.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+258,French Polynesia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,630.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+258,French Polynesia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,782.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+266,Gabon,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,125.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists at Libreville airport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+266,Gabon,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,269.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists at Libreville airport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+266,Gabon,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,94.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+266,Gabon,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,13.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+266,Gabon,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,89.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+266,Gabon,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,28.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+270,Gambia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,45.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+270,Gambia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,108.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+270,Gambia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,91.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Arrivals by air only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+270,Gambia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,450.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+270,Gambia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,522.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+270,Gambia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,552.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+270,Gambia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,59.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+270,Gambia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,80.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+270,Gambia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,120.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+270,Gambia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,116.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+270,Gambia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,168.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+268,Georgia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1067.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+268,Georgia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3297.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+268,Georgia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4069.4000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+268,Georgia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4757.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+268,Georgia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,287.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+268,Georgia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,737.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+268,Georgia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2315.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+268,Georgia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2971.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+268,Georgia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3518.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+276,Germany,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,14847.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+276,Germany,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,21500.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+276,Germany,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,26875.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+276,Germany,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,35555.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+276,Germany,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,37452.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+276,Germany,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,38881.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+276,Germany,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,24053.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+276,Germany,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,40518.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+276,Germany,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,49116.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+276,Germany,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,52229.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+276,Germany,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,56330.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+276,Germany,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,60260.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+288,Ghana,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,286.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+288,Ghana,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,429.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+288,Ghana,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,931.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+288,Ghana,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,30.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+288,Ghana,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,867.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+288,Ghana,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,706.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+288,Ghana,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,952.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+288,Ghana,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,919.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+288,Ghana,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,996.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+300,Greece,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,10130.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+300,Greece,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,14765.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+300,Greece,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,15007.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+300,Greece,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,24799.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+300,Greece,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,27194.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+300,Greece,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,30123.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+300,Greece,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4182.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+300,Greece,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,13455.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+300,Greece,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,13857.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+300,Greece,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,16811.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+300,Greece,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,19139.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+300,Greece,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,21594.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+308,Grenada,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,108.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+308,Grenada,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,99.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+308,Grenada,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,110.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+308,Grenada,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,156.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+308,Grenada,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,168.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+308,Grenada,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,185.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+308,Grenada,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,76.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+308,Grenada,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,71.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+308,Grenada,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,112.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+308,Grenada,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,437.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+308,Grenada,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,482.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+308,Grenada,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,548.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+312,Guadeloupe,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,640.0000,"Arrivals by air.;Excluding the north islands, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin (French part).;Non-resident tourists staying in all types of accommodation establishments.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+312,Guadeloupe,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,372.0000,"Arrivals by air.;Excluding the north islands, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin (French part).","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+312,Guadeloupe,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,392.0000,"Arrivals by air.;Excluding the north islands, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin (French part).","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+312,Guadeloupe,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,581.0000,"Arrivals by air.;Excluding the north islands, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin (French part).","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+312,Guadeloupe,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,650.0000,"Arrivals by air.;Excluding the north islands, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin (French part).","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+312,Guadeloupe,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,735.0000,"Arrivals by air.;Excluding the north islands, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin (French part).","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+312,Guadeloupe,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,458.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+312,Guadeloupe,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,306.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+312,Guadeloupe,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,510.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+312,Guadeloupe,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,860.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+316,Guam,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1362.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+316,Guam,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1228.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+316,Guam,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1197.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+316,Guam,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1536.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+316,Guam,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1545.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+316,Guam,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1549.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+320,Guatemala,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1119.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+320,Guatemala,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1585.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+320,Guatemala,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1660.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+320,Guatemala,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1781.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+320,Guatemala,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,213.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+320,Guatemala,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,791.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+320,Guatemala,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1378.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+320,Guatemala,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1550.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+320,Guatemala,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1566.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+320,Guatemala,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1549.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+324,Guinea,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,45.0000,Arrivals by air at Conakry airport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+324,Guinea,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,12.4000,Arrivals by air at Conakry airport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+324,Guinea,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,63.0000,Arrivals by air at Conakry airport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+324,Guinea,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,99.0000,Arrivals by air at Conakry airport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+324,Guinea,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,0.9110,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+324,Guinea,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2.0400,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+324,Guinea,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,16.6000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+324,Guinea,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,16.6000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+324,Guinea,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+624,Guinea-Bissau,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+624,Guinea-Bissau,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,22.3000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+624,Guinea-Bissau,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,45.2000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+624,Guinea-Bissau,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1.6000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+624,Guinea-Bissau,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,13.3000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+624,Guinea-Bissau,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,11.5000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+624,Guinea-Bissau,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,16.3000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+624,Guinea-Bissau,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,19.8000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+328,Guyana,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,106.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+328,Guyana,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,117.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+328,Guyana,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,152.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+328,Guyana,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,235.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+328,Guyana,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,247.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+328,Guyana,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,287.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+328,Guyana,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,33.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+328,Guyana,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,35.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+328,Guyana,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,80.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+328,Guyana,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,104.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+328,Guyana,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,95.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+328,Guyana,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,28.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+332,Haiti,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,145.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+332,Haiti,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,112.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+332,Haiti,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,255.0000,Arrivals by air.;Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+332,Haiti,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,445.0000,Arrivals by air.;Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+332,Haiti,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,467.0000,Arrivals by air.;Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+332,Haiti,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,447.0000,Arrivals by air.;Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+332,Haiti,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,90.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+332,Haiti,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,80.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+332,Haiti,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,383.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+332,Haiti,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,511.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+332,Haiti,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,460.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+332,Haiti,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,620.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+340,Honduras,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,271.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+340,Honduras,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,673.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+340,Honduras,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,863.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+340,Honduras,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,838.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+340,Honduras,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,851.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+340,Honduras,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,85.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+340,Honduras,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,465.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+340,Honduras,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,626.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+340,Honduras,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,700.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+340,Honduras,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,722.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+340,Honduras,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,745.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+348,Hungary,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,9979.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+348,Hungary,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,9510.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+348,Hungary,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,15255.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+348,Hungary,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,15785.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+348,Hungary,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,17552.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+348,Hungary,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2938.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+348,Hungary,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4761.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+348,Hungary,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6595.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+348,Hungary,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7481.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+348,Hungary,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8448.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+348,Hungary,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9595.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+352,Iceland,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,190.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+352,Iceland,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,374.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+352,Iceland,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,489.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+352,Iceland,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1792.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+352,Iceland,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2225.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+352,Iceland,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2343.8000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+352,Iceland,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,186.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+352,Iceland,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,413.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+352,Iceland,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,562.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+352,Iceland,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2411.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+352,Iceland,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3024.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+352,Iceland,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3128.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+356,India,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2124.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+356,India,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3919.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+356,India,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5776.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+356,India,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,14570.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+356,India,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,15543.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+356,India,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,17423.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+356,India,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7659.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+356,India,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,23111.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+356,India,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,27878.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+356,India,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,29143.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+360,Indonesia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,4324.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+360,Indonesia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,5002.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+360,Indonesia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,7003.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+360,Indonesia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,11519.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+360,Indonesia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,14040.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+360,Indonesia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,15810.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+360,Indonesia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5094.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+360,Indonesia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7618.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+360,Indonesia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,12566.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+360,Indonesia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,14691.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+360,Indonesia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,15600.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+364,Iran (Islamic Republic of),1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,568.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+364,Iran (Islamic Republic of),2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,2938.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+364,Iran (Islamic Republic of),2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,4942.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+364,Iran (Islamic Republic of),2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,4867.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+364,Iran (Islamic Republic of),2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,7295.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+364,Iran (Islamic Republic of),1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,205.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+364,Iran (Islamic Republic of),2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1025.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+364,Iran (Islamic Republic of),2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2631.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+364,Iran (Islamic Republic of),2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3914.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+364,Iran (Islamic Republic of),2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4632.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+368,Iraq,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,61.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+368,Iraq,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1518.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+368,Iraq,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,186.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+368,Iraq,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1736.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+368,Iraq,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3120.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+368,Iraq,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2959.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+368,Iraq,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1986.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+372,Ireland,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4818.0000,Including tourists from Northern Ireland.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+372,Ireland,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,7333.0000,Including tourists from Northern Ireland.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+372,Ireland,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,7134.0000,Break in the time series.;Including tourists from Northern Ireland.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+372,Ireland,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,10100.0000,Including tourists from Northern Ireland.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+372,Ireland,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,10338.0000,Including tourists from Northern Ireland.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+372,Ireland,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,10926.0000,Including tourists from Northern Ireland.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+372,Ireland,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2697.7927,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+372,Ireland,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6779.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+372,Ireland,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8185.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+372,Ireland,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,11429.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+372,Ireland,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,14294.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+372,Ireland,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,14658.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+376,Israel,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2215.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+376,Israel,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1903.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+376,Israel,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2803.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+376,Israel,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2900.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+376,Israel,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3613.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+376,Israel,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4121.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+376,Israel,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3491.0000,Including the expenditures of foreign workers in Israel.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+376,Israel,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2750.0000,Including the expenditures of foreign workers in Israel.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+376,Israel,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5621.0000,Including the expenditures of foreign workers in Israel.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+376,Israel,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6587.0000,Including the expenditures of foreign workers in Israel.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+376,Israel,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7578.0000,Including the expenditures of foreign workers in Israel.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+376,Israel,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8073.0000,Including the expenditures of foreign workers in Israel.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+380,Italy,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,31052.0000,Excluding seasonal and border workers.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+380,Italy,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,36513.0000,Excluding seasonal and border workers.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+380,Italy,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,43626.0000,Excluding seasonal and border workers.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+380,Italy,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,52372.0000,Excluding seasonal and border workers.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+380,Italy,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,58253.0000,Excluding seasonal and border workers.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+380,Italy,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,61567.2000,Excluding seasonal and border workers.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+380,Italy,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,30411.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+380,Italy,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,38364.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+380,Italy,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,42423.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+380,Italy,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,46719.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+380,Italy,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,51602.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+388,Jamaica,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1147.0000,Including nationals residing abroad; E/D cards.;Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+388,Jamaica,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1479.0000,Including nationals residing abroad; E/D cards.;Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+388,Jamaica,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1922.0000,Including nationals residing abroad; E/D cards.;Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+388,Jamaica,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2182.0000,Including nationals residing abroad; E/D cards.;Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+388,Jamaica,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2353.0000,Including nationals residing abroad; E/D cards.;Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+388,Jamaica,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2473.0000,Including nationals residing abroad; E/D cards.;Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+388,Jamaica,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1069.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+388,Jamaica,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1545.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+388,Jamaica,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2001.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+388,Jamaica,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2539.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+388,Jamaica,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2809.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+388,Jamaica,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3099.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+392,Japan,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,3345.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+392,Japan,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,6728.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+392,Japan,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,8611.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+392,Japan,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,24040.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+392,Japan,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,28691.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+392,Japan,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,31192.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+392,Japan,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4894.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+392,Japan,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,15554.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+392,Japan,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,15356.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+392,Japan,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,33456.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+392,Japan,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,36978.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+392,Japan,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,45276.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+400,Jordan,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1075.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+400,Jordan,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2987.0000,Break in the time series.;Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+400,Jordan,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4207.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+400,Jordan,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3567.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+400,Jordan,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3843.5000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+400,Jordan,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4150.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+400,Jordan,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,973.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+400,Jordan,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1759.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+400,Jordan,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4390.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+400,Jordan,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4943.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+400,Jordan,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5549.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+400,Jordan,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6221.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+398,Kazakhstan,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3143.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+398,Kazakhstan,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2991.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+398,Kazakhstan,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,155.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+398,Kazakhstan,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,801.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+398,Kazakhstan,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1236.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+398,Kazakhstan,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2038.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+398,Kazakhstan,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2356.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+398,Kazakhstan,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2651.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+404,Kenya,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,918.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+404,Kenya,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1399.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+404,Kenya,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1470.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+404,Kenya,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1268.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+404,Kenya,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1364.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+404,Kenya,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,785.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+404,Kenya,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,969.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+404,Kenya,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1620.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+404,Kenya,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1471.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+404,Kenya,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1564.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+296,Kiribati,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3.9000,Air arrivals. Tarawa and Christmas Island.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+296,Kiribati,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4.1000,Air arrivals. Tarawa and Christmas Island.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+296,Kiribati,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4.7000,Air arrivals. Tarawa and Christmas Island.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+296,Kiribati,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5.7000,Air arrivals. Tarawa and Christmas Island.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+296,Kiribati,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5.8000,Air arrivals. Tarawa and Christmas Island.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+296,Kiribati,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,7.1000,Air arrivals. Tarawa and Christmas Island.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+296,Kiribati,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4.3000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+296,Kiribati,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2.8000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+296,Kiribati,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4.1000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+414,Kuwait,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1443.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+414,Kuwait,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,3474.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+414,Kuwait,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,5208.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+414,Kuwait,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,7055.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+414,Kuwait,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,7407.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+414,Kuwait,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,8508.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+414,Kuwait,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,307.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+414,Kuwait,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,413.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+414,Kuwait,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,574.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+414,Kuwait,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,831.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+414,Kuwait,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,643.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+414,Kuwait,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,919.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+417,Kyrgyzstan,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,319.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+417,Kyrgyzstan,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1224.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+417,Kyrgyzstan,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,3853.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+417,Kyrgyzstan,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,4568.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+417,Kyrgyzstan,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,6947.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+417,Kyrgyzstan,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,94.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+417,Kyrgyzstan,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,212.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+417,Kyrgyzstan,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,477.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+417,Kyrgyzstan,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,480.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+417,Kyrgyzstan,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,487.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+418,Lao People's Dem. Rep.,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,60.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+418,Lao People's Dem. Rep.,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,672.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+418,Lao People's Dem. Rep.,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1670.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+418,Lao People's Dem. Rep.,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3315.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+418,Lao People's Dem. Rep.,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3257.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+418,Lao People's Dem. Rep.,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3770.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+418,Lao People's Dem. Rep.,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,52.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+418,Lao People's Dem. Rep.,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,143.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+418,Lao People's Dem. Rep.,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,385.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+418,Lao People's Dem. Rep.,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,717.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+418,Lao People's Dem. Rep.,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,655.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+418,Lao People's Dem. Rep.,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,757.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+428,Latvia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,539.0000,Non-resident departures. Survey of persons crossing the state border.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+428,Latvia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1116.0000,Non-resident departures. Survey of persons crossing the state border.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+428,Latvia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1373.0000,Non-resident departures. Survey of persons crossing the state border.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+428,Latvia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1793.0000,Non-resident departures. Survey of persons crossing the state border.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+428,Latvia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1949.0000,Non-resident departures. Survey of persons crossing the state border.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+428,Latvia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1946.0000,Non-resident departures. Survey of persons crossing the state border.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+428,Latvia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,37.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+428,Latvia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,446.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+422,Lebanon,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,450.0000,"Excluding the Lebanon, Syria and Palestine nationalities.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+422,Lebanon,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1140.0000,"Excluding the Lebanon, Syria and Palestine nationalities.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+422,Lebanon,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2168.0000,"Excluding the Lebanon, Syria and Palestine nationalities.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+422,Lebanon,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1688.0000,"Excluding the Lebanon, Syria and Palestine nationalities.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+422,Lebanon,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1857.0000,"Excluding the Lebanon, Syria and Palestine nationalities.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+422,Lebanon,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1964.0000,"Excluding the Lebanon, Syria and Palestine nationalities.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+422,Lebanon,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,710.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+422,Lebanon,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5969.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+422,Lebanon,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8026.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+422,Lebanon,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7373.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+422,Lebanon,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8086.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+422,Lebanon,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8694.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+426,Lesotho,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,209.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+426,Lesotho,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,304.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+426,Lesotho,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,426.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+426,Lesotho,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1196.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+426,Lesotho,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1137.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+426,Lesotho,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1173.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+426,Lesotho,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,27.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+426,Lesotho,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,27.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+426,Lesotho,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,23.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+426,Lesotho,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,48.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+426,Lesotho,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,23.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+426,Lesotho,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,24.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+430,Liberia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,67.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+434,Libya,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,81.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+434,Libya,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+434,Libya,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,301.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+434,Libya,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,170.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+438,Liechtenstein,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,64.3000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+438,Liechtenstein,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,69.1000,Excluding long term tourists on campgrounds and in holiday flats.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+438,Liechtenstein,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,79.3000,Excluding long term tourists on campgrounds and in holiday flats.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+438,Liechtenstein,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,85.3000,Excluding long term tourists on campgrounds and in holiday flats.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+440,Lithuania,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,650.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+440,Lithuania,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2000.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+440,Lithuania,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1507.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+440,Lithuania,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2296.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+440,Lithuania,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2523.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+440,Lithuania,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2825.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+440,Lithuania,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,77.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+440,Lithuania,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,920.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+440,Lithuania,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,958.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+440,Lithuania,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1210.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+440,Lithuania,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1325.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+440,Lithuania,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1419.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+442,Luxembourg,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,768.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+442,Luxembourg,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,913.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+442,Luxembourg,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,805.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+442,Luxembourg,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1054.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+442,Luxembourg,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1046.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+442,Luxembourg,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1018.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+442,Luxembourg,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3770.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+442,Luxembourg,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4519.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+442,Luxembourg,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4766.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+442,Luxembourg,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4993.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+442,Luxembourg,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5537.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+450,Madagascar,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,75.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+450,Madagascar,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,277.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+450,Madagascar,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,196.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+450,Madagascar,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,293.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+450,Madagascar,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,255.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+450,Madagascar,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,291.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+450,Madagascar,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,106.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+450,Madagascar,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,275.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+450,Madagascar,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,425.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+450,Madagascar,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,913.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+450,Madagascar,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,849.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+450,Madagascar,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,879.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+454,Malawi,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,192.0000,Departures.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+454,Malawi,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,438.0000,Departures.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+454,Malawi,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,746.0000,Departures.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+454,Malawi,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,849.0000,Departures.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+454,Malawi,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,837.0000,Departures.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+454,Malawi,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,871.0000,Departures.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+454,Malawi,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,22.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+454,Malawi,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,48.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+454,Malawi,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,45.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+454,Malawi,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,30.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+454,Malawi,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,35.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+454,Malawi,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,43.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+458,Malaysia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,7469.0000,Including Singapore residents crossing the frontier by road through Johore Causeway.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+458,Malaysia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,16431.0000,Including Singapore residents crossing the frontier by road through Johore Causeway.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+458,Malaysia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,24577.0000,Including Singapore residents crossing the frontier by road through Johore Causeway.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+458,Malaysia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,26757.0000,Including Singapore residents crossing the frontier by road through Johore Causeway.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+458,Malaysia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,25948.0000,Including Singapore residents crossing the frontier by road through Johore Causeway.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+458,Malaysia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,25832.0000,Including Singapore residents crossing the frontier by road through Johore Causeway.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+458,Malaysia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5044.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+458,Malaysia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,10389.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+458,Malaysia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,19619.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+458,Malaysia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,19682.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+458,Malaysia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,20311.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+458,Malaysia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,21774.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+462,Maldives,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,315.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+462,Maldives,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,395.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+462,Maldives,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,792.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+462,Maldives,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1286.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+462,Maldives,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1390.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+462,Maldives,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1484.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+462,Maldives,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2640.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+462,Maldives,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2771.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+462,Maldives,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3054.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+466,Mali,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,169.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+466,Mali,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,173.2000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+466,Mali,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,193.3000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+466,Mali,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,26.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+466,Mali,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,149.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+466,Mali,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,208.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+466,Mali,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,201.6000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+466,Mali,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,206.4000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+470,Malta,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1116.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+470,Malta,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1171.0000,Departures by air and by sea.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+470,Malta,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1339.0000,Departures by air and by sea.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+470,Malta,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1966.0000,Departures by air and by sea.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+470,Malta,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2274.0000,Departures by air and by sea.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+470,Malta,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2599.0000,Departures by air and by sea.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+470,Malta,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,656.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+470,Malta,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,755.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+470,Malta,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1066.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+470,Malta,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1451.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+470,Malta,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1746.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+470,Malta,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1845.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+584,Marshall Islands,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5.5000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+584,Marshall Islands,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,9.2000,Air and sea arrivals.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+584,Marshall Islands,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4.6000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+584,Marshall Islands,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5.4000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+584,Marshall Islands,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+584,Marshall Islands,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6.8000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+584,Marshall Islands,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2.5000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+584,Marshall Islands,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3.6900,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+584,Marshall Islands,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+584,Marshall Islands,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,30.4000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+584,Marshall Islands,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,18.1000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+584,Marshall Islands,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,20.1000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+474,Martinique,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,457.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+474,Martinique,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,484.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+474,Martinique,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,478.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+474,Martinique,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,519.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+474,Martinique,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,536.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+474,Martinique,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,537.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+474,Martinique,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,384.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+474,Martinique,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,280.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+474,Martinique,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,472.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+474,Martinique,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,348.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+474,Martinique,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,510.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+474,Martinique,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,530.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+478,Mauritania,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,33.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+478,Mauritania,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,24.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+478,Mauritania,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+480,Mauritius,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,422.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+480,Mauritius,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,761.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+480,Mauritius,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,935.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+480,Mauritius,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1275.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+480,Mauritius,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1342.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+480,Mauritius,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1399.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+480,Mauritius,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,616.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+480,Mauritius,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1189.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+480,Mauritius,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1585.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+480,Mauritius,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1824.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+480,Mauritius,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2005.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+480,Mauritius,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2161.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+484,Mexico,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,20241.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+484,Mexico,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,21915.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+484,Mexico,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,23290.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+484,Mexico,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,35079.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+484,Mexico,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,39291.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+484,Mexico,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,41313.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+484,Mexico,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6847.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+484,Mexico,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,12801.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+484,Mexico,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,12628.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+484,Mexico,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,20619.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+484,Mexico,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,22467.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+484,Mexico,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,23802.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+583,Micronesia (Fed. States of),2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,19.0000,"Arrivals in the States of Kosrae, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Yap; excluding FSM citizens.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+583,Micronesia (Fed. States of),2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,44.7000,"Arrivals in the States of Kosrae, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Yap; excluding FSM citizens.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+583,Micronesia (Fed. States of),2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,29.6000,"Arrivals in the States of Kosrae, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Yap; excluding FSM citizens.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+583,Micronesia (Fed. States of),2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,19.2000,"Arrivals in the States of Kosrae, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Yap; excluding FSM citizens.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+583,Micronesia (Fed. States of),2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,24.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+492,Monaco,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,233.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+492,Monaco,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,286.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+492,Monaco,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,279.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+492,Monaco,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,336.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+492,Monaco,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,355.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+492,Monaco,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,347.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+496,Mongolia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,339.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+496,Mongolia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,456.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+496,Mongolia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,404.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+496,Mongolia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,469.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+496,Mongolia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,529.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+496,Mongolia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,33.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+496,Mongolia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,203.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+496,Mongolia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,288.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+496,Mongolia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,379.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+496,Mongolia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,462.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+496,Mongolia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,526.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+499,Montenegro,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,272.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+499,Montenegro,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1088.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+499,Montenegro,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1662.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+499,Montenegro,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1877.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+499,Montenegro,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,2077.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+499,Montenegro,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,765.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+499,Montenegro,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,978.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+499,Montenegro,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1110.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+499,Montenegro,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1224.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+500,Montserrat,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,17.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+500,Montserrat,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,9.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+500,Montserrat,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+500,Montserrat,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8.8000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+500,Montserrat,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8.8000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+500,Montserrat,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8.8000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+500,Montserrat,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,17.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+500,Montserrat,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+500,Montserrat,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5.9000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+500,Montserrat,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8.6000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+500,Montserrat,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8.4000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+500,Montserrat,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,11.1000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+504,Morocco,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2602.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+504,Morocco,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5843.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+504,Morocco,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,9288.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+504,Morocco,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,10332.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+504,Morocco,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,11349.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+504,Morocco,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,12289.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+504,Morocco,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1469.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+504,Morocco,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5426.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+504,Morocco,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8176.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+504,Morocco,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7922.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+504,Morocco,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9086.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+504,Morocco,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9523.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+508,Mozambique,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,578.0000,The data correspond only to 12 border posts.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+508,Mozambique,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1718.0000,Break in the time series.;The data of all the border posts of the country are used.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+508,Mozambique,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1639.0000,The data of all the border posts of the country are used.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+508,Mozambique,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1447.0000,The data of all the border posts of the country are used.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+508,Mozambique,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2743.0000,The data of all the border posts of the country are used.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+508,Mozambique,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,138.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+508,Mozambique,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,135.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+508,Mozambique,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,114.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+508,Mozambique,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,164.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+508,Mozambique,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,331.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+104,Myanmar,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,194.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+104,Myanmar,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,660.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+104,Myanmar,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,792.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+104,Myanmar,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2907.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+104,Myanmar,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3443.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+104,Myanmar,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3551.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+104,Myanmar,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,169.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+104,Myanmar,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,83.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+104,Myanmar,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,91.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+104,Myanmar,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2289.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+104,Myanmar,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1988.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+104,Myanmar,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1670.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+516,Namibia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,272.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+516,Namibia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,778.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+516,Namibia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,984.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+516,Namibia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1469.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+516,Namibia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1499.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+516,Namibia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,363.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+516,Namibia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,473.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+516,Namibia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,349.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+516,Namibia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,449.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+516,Namibia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,488.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+520,Nauru,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,0.6000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+520,Nauru,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3.4000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+520,Nauru,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3.9000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+520,Nauru,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1.6000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+524,Nepal,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,363.0000,Including arrivals from India.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+524,Nepal,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,375.0000,Including arrivals from India.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+524,Nepal,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,603.0000,Including arrivals from India.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+524,Nepal,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,753.0000,Including arrivals from India.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+524,Nepal,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,940.0000,Including arrivals from India.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+524,Nepal,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1173.0000,Including arrivals from India.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+524,Nepal,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,232.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+524,Nepal,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,160.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+524,Nepal,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,378.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+524,Nepal,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,498.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+524,Nepal,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,712.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+524,Nepal,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,744.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+528,Netherlands,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,6574.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+528,Netherlands,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,10012.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+528,Netherlands,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,10883.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+528,Netherlands,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,15828.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+528,Netherlands,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,17924.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+528,Netherlands,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,18780.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+528,Netherlands,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,10611.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+528,Netherlands,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,21151.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+528,Netherlands,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,23414.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+528,Netherlands,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,25850.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+540,New Caledonia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,86.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+540,New Caledonia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,101.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+540,New Caledonia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,99.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+540,New Caledonia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,116.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+540,New Caledonia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,121.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+540,New Caledonia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,120.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+540,New Caledonia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,108.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+540,New Caledonia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,149.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+540,New Caledonia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,129.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+540,New Caledonia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,159.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+554,New Zealand,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2353.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+554,New Zealand,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2435.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+554,New Zealand,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3370.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+554,New Zealand,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3555.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+554,New Zealand,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3686.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+554,New Zealand,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2318.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+554,New Zealand,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6486.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+554,New Zealand,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6523.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+554,New Zealand,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9773.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+554,New Zealand,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,10594.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+554,New Zealand,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,10961.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+558,Nicaragua,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,281.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+558,Nicaragua,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,712.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+558,Nicaragua,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1011.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+558,Nicaragua,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1504.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+558,Nicaragua,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1787.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+558,Nicaragua,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1256.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+558,Nicaragua,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,50.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+558,Nicaragua,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,206.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+558,Nicaragua,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,314.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+558,Nicaragua,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,642.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+558,Nicaragua,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,841.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+558,Nicaragua,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,544.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+562,Niger,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,35.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+562,Niger,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,58.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+562,Niger,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,74.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+562,Niger,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,152.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+562,Niger,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,164.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+562,Niger,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,157.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+562,Niger,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,43.9000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+562,Niger,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,105.5000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+562,Niger,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,84.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+562,Niger,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,91.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+566,Nigeria,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,656.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+566,Nigeria,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1010.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+566,Nigeria,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1555.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+566,Nigeria,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1889.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+566,Nigeria,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,47.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+566,Nigeria,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,139.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+566,Nigeria,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,736.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+566,Nigeria,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1088.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+566,Nigeria,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2615.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+566,Nigeria,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1977.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+570,Niue,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2.2000,Including Niueans residing usually in New Zealand.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+570,Niue,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2.8000,Including Niueans residing usually in New Zealand.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+570,Niue,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6.2000,Including Niueans residing usually in New Zealand.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+570,Niue,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8.9000,Including Niueans residing usually in New Zealand.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+570,Niue,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,9.8000,Including Niueans residing usually in New Zealand.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+570,Niue,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+570,Niue,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1.2000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+570,Niue,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2.2000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+807,North Macedonia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,147.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+807,North Macedonia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,197.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+807,North Macedonia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,262.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+807,North Macedonia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,510.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+807,North Macedonia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,631.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+807,North Macedonia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,707.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+807,North Macedonia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,116.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+807,North Macedonia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,199.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+807,North Macedonia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,283.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+807,North Macedonia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,331.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+807,North Macedonia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,387.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+580,Northern Mariana Islands,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,669.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+580,Northern Mariana Islands,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,498.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+580,Northern Mariana Islands,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,375.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+580,Northern Mariana Islands,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,526.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+580,Northern Mariana Islands,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,656.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+580,Northern Mariana Islands,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,517.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+580,Northern Mariana Islands,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,655.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+578,Norway,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2880.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in registered hotels.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+578,Norway,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3824.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists at national borders.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+578,Norway,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4767.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists at national borders.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+578,Norway,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5960.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in all types of accommodation establishments.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+578,Norway,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6252.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in all types of accommodation establishments.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+578,Norway,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5688.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in all types of accommodation establishments.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+578,Norway,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2730.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+578,Norway,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4243.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+578,Norway,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5299.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+578,Norway,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6285.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+578,Norway,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6840.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+578,Norway,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7096.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+512,Oman,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,891.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+512,Oman,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1441.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+512,Oman,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2335.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+512,Oman,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2316.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+512,Oman,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2301.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+512,Oman,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,627.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+512,Oman,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1072.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+512,Oman,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2390.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+512,Oman,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2717.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+512,Oman,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2975.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+158,Other non-specified areas,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,2332.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+158,Other non-specified areas,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,3378.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+158,Other non-specified areas,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,5567.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+158,Other non-specified areas,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,10690.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+158,Other non-specified areas,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,10740.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+158,Other non-specified areas,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,11067.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+158,Other non-specified areas,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3985.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+158,Other non-specified areas,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5740.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+158,Other non-specified areas,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,10387.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+158,Other non-specified areas,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,15825.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+158,Other non-specified areas,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,14847.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+158,Other non-specified areas,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,16366.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+586,Pakistan,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,378.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+586,Pakistan,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,798.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+586,Pakistan,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,907.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+586,Pakistan,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,582.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+586,Pakistan,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,828.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+586,Pakistan,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,998.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+586,Pakistan,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,791.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+586,Pakistan,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,866.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+586,Pakistan,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,818.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+585,Palau,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,53.0000,Air arrivals (Palau International Airport).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+585,Palau,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,81.0000,Air arrivals (Palau International Airport).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+585,Palau,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,85.0000,Air arrivals (Palau International Airport).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+585,Palau,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,138.0000,Air arrivals (Palau International Airport).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+585,Palau,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,123.0000,Air arrivals (Palau International Airport).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+585,Palau,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,106.0000,Air arrivals (Palau International Airport).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+585,Palau,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,63.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+585,Palau,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,76.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+585,Palau,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,148.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+585,Palau,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,123.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+591,Panama,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,345.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+591,Panama,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,702.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+591,Panama,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1324.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+591,Panama,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1921.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+591,Panama,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1843.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+591,Panama,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1785.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+591,Panama,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,372.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+591,Panama,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1108.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+591,Panama,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2621.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+591,Panama,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6280.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+591,Panama,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6824.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+591,Panama,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5615.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+598,Papua New Guinea,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,42.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+598,Papua New Guinea,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,69.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+598,Papua New Guinea,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,140.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+598,Papua New Guinea,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,179.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+598,Papua New Guinea,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,139.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+598,Papua New Guinea,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,140.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+598,Papua New Guinea,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9.4000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+598,Papua New Guinea,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2.4000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+598,Papua New Guinea,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1.6000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+598,Papua New Guinea,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,15.3000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+600,Paraguay,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,438.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+600,Paraguay,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,341.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+600,Paraguay,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,465.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+600,Paraguay,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1308.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+600,Paraguay,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1584.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+600,Paraguay,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1181.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+600,Paraguay,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,162.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+600,Paraguay,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,96.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+600,Paraguay,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,243.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+600,Paraguay,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,356.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+600,Paraguay,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,399.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+600,Paraguay,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,393.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+604,Peru,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,479.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+604,Peru,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1571.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Including tourists with identity document other than a passport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+604,Peru,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2299.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Including tourists with identity document other than a passport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+604,Peru,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3744.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Including tourists with identity document other than a passport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+604,Peru,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4032.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Including tourists with identity document other than a passport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+604,Peru,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4419.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Including tourists with identity document other than a passport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+604,Peru,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,521.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+604,Peru,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1438.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+604,Peru,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2475.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+604,Peru,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4288.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+604,Peru,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4573.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+604,Peru,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4894.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+608,Philippines,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1760.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+608,Philippines,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2623.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+608,Philippines,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3520.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+608,Philippines,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5967.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+608,Philippines,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6621.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+608,Philippines,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,7168.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+608,Philippines,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1141.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+608,Philippines,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2863.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+608,Philippines,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3441.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+608,Philippines,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6289.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+608,Philippines,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8349.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+608,Philippines,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9730.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+616,Poland,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,19215.0000,"Border statistics are not collected any more, surveys used instead.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+616,Poland,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,15200.0000,"Border statistics are not collected any more, surveys used instead.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+616,Poland,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,12470.0000,"Border statistics are not collected any more, surveys used instead.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+616,Poland,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,17471.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+616,Poland,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,18258.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+616,Poland,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,19622.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+616,Poland,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6927.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+616,Poland,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7161.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+616,Poland,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,10036.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+616,Poland,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,12052.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+616,Poland,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,14083.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+616,Poland,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,15748.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+620,Portugal,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,4572.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+620,Portugal,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,5769.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+620,Portugal,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,6756.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+620,Portugal,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,13359.0000,"Include hotels, apartment hotels, “pousadas”, tourist apartments, tourist villages, camping sites, recreation centres, tourism in rural areas and local accommodation.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+620,Portugal,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,15432.0000,"Include hotels, apartment hotels, “pousadas”, tourist apartments, tourist villages, camping sites, recreation centres, tourism in rural areas and local accommodation.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+620,Portugal,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,16186.0000,"Include hotels, apartment hotels, “pousadas”, tourist apartments, tourist villages, camping sites, recreation centres, tourism in rural areas and local accommodation.","World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+620,Portugal,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5646.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+620,Portugal,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9038.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+620,Portugal,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,12984.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+620,Portugal,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,17347.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+620,Portugal,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,21586.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+620,Portugal,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,24105.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+630,Puerto Rico,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3131.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+630,Puerto Rico,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3686.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+630,Puerto Rico,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3186.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+630,Puerto Rico,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3736.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+630,Puerto Rico,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3513.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+630,Puerto Rico,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3068.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+630,Puerto Rico,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1828.0000,Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+630,Puerto Rico,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3239.0000,Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+630,Puerto Rico,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3211.0000,Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+630,Puerto Rico,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3974.0000,Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+630,Puerto Rico,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3848.0000,Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+630,Puerto Rico,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3282.0000,Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+634,Qatar,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1699.5000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+634,Qatar,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2938.2000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+634,Qatar,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2256.5000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+634,Qatar,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1819.3000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+634,Qatar,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,12593.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+634,Qatar,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,15757.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+634,Qatar,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,15239.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+410,Republic of Korea,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,3753.0000,Including nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+410,Republic of Korea,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,6023.0000,Including nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+410,Republic of Korea,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,8798.0000,Including nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+410,Republic of Korea,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,17242.0000,Including nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+410,Republic of Korea,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,13336.0000,Including nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+410,Republic of Korea,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,15347.0000,Including nationals residing abroad and crew members.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+410,Republic of Korea,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6670.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+410,Republic of Korea,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8282.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+410,Republic of Korea,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,14315.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+410,Republic of Korea,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,20924.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+410,Republic of Korea,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,17173.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+410,Republic of Korea,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,19856.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+498,Republic of Moldova,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,67.0000,Excluding the left side of the river Nistru and the municipality of Bender.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+498,Republic of Moldova,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,64.0000,Excluding the left side of the river Nistru and the municipality of Bender.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+498,Republic of Moldova,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,121.0000,Excluding the left side of the river Nistru and the municipality of Bender.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+498,Republic of Moldova,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,145.0000,Excluding the left side of the river Nistru and the municipality of Bender.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+498,Republic of Moldova,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,160.0000,Excluding the left side of the river Nistru and the municipality of Bender.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+498,Republic of Moldova,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,71.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+498,Republic of Moldova,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,138.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+498,Republic of Moldova,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,222.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+498,Republic of Moldova,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,344.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+498,Republic of Moldova,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,443.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+498,Republic of Moldova,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,500.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+638,Réunion,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,304.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+638,Réunion,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,409.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+638,Réunion,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,420.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+638,Réunion,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,458.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+638,Réunion,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,508.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+638,Réunion,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,535.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+638,Réunion,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,216.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+638,Réunion,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,364.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+638,Réunion,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,392.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+638,Réunion,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,343.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+638,Réunion,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,427.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+638,Réunion,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,495.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+642,Romania,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,5445.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+642,Romania,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,5839.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+642,Romania,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,7498.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+642,Romania,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,10223.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+642,Romania,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,10926.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+642,Romania,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,11720.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+642,Romania,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,689.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+642,Romania,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1324.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+642,Romania,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1631.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+642,Romania,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2172.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+642,Romania,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3008.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+642,Romania,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3261.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+643,Russian Federation,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,10290.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+643,Russian Federation,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,22201.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+643,Russian Federation,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,22281.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+643,Russian Federation,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,24571.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+643,Russian Federation,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,24390.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+643,Russian Federation,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,24551.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+643,Russian Federation,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7805.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+643,Russian Federation,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,13239.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+643,Russian Federation,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,12822.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+643,Russian Federation,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,14983.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+643,Russian Federation,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,18670.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+646,Rwanda,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,504.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+646,Rwanda,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,932.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+646,Rwanda,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+646,Rwanda,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,67.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+646,Rwanda,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,224.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+646,Rwanda,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,443.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+646,Rwanda,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,548.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+646,Rwanda,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,528.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+667,Saba,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,10.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+667,Saba,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,11.5000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+667,Saba,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,12.3000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+659,Saint Kitts and Nevis,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,79.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+659,Saint Kitts and Nevis,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,141.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+659,Saint Kitts and Nevis,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,98.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+659,Saint Kitts and Nevis,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,116.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+659,Saint Kitts and Nevis,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,115.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+659,Saint Kitts and Nevis,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,125.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+659,Saint Kitts and Nevis,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,63.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+659,Saint Kitts and Nevis,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,121.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+659,Saint Kitts and Nevis,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,90.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+659,Saint Kitts and Nevis,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,332.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+659,Saint Kitts and Nevis,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,355.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+659,Saint Kitts and Nevis,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,367.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+662,Saint Lucia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,231.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+662,Saint Lucia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,318.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+662,Saint Lucia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,306.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+662,Saint Lucia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,348.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+662,Saint Lucia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,386.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+662,Saint Lucia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,395.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+662,Saint Lucia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,230.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+662,Saint Lucia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,382.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+662,Saint Lucia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,309.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+662,Saint Lucia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,776.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+662,Saint Lucia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,875.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+662,Saint Lucia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,989.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+670,Saint Vincent & Grenadines,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,60.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+670,Saint Vincent & Grenadines,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,96.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+670,Saint Vincent & Grenadines,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,72.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+670,Saint Vincent & Grenadines,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,79.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+670,Saint Vincent & Grenadines,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,76.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+670,Saint Vincent & Grenadines,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,80.0000,Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+670,Saint Vincent & Grenadines,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,53.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+670,Saint Vincent & Grenadines,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,104.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+670,Saint Vincent & Grenadines,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,86.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+670,Saint Vincent & Grenadines,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,216.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+670,Saint Vincent & Grenadines,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,211.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+670,Saint Vincent & Grenadines,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,235.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+882,Samoa,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,68.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+882,Samoa,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,102.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+882,Samoa,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,122.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+882,Samoa,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,134.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+882,Samoa,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,146.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+882,Samoa,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,164.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+882,Samoa,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,35.6994,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+882,Samoa,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,73.8000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+882,Samoa,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,123.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+882,Samoa,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,148.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+882,Samoa,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,167.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+882,Samoa,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,191.3000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+674,San Marino,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,28.0000,Including Italian tourists.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+674,San Marino,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,50.0000,Including Italian tourists.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+674,San Marino,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,120.0000,Including Italian tourists.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+674,San Marino,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,60.0000,Including Italian tourists.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+674,San Marino,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,78.0000,Including Italian tourists.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+674,San Marino,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,84.0000,Including Italian tourists.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+678,Sao Tome and Principe,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6.2000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+678,Sao Tome and Principe,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,15.8000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+678,Sao Tome and Principe,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+678,Sao Tome and Principe,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,28.9000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+678,Sao Tome and Principe,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,28.9000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+678,Sao Tome and Principe,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,33.4000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+678,Sao Tome and Principe,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,69.1000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+678,Sao Tome and Principe,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,65.9000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+678,Sao Tome and Principe,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,71.9000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+682,Saudi Arabia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3325.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+682,Saudi Arabia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8037.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+682,Saudi Arabia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,10850.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+682,Saudi Arabia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,18044.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+682,Saudi Arabia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,16109.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+682,Saudi Arabia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,15334.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+682,Saudi Arabia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7536.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+682,Saudi Arabia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,13438.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+682,Saudi Arabia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,15020.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+682,Saudi Arabia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,16975.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+686,Senegal,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,769.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+686,Senegal,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,900.0000,Estimate.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+686,Senegal,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1210.0000,Estimate.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+686,Senegal,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1365.0000,Estimate.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+686,Senegal,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,168.1803,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+686,Senegal,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,334.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+686,Senegal,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,464.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+686,Senegal,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,438.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+686,Senegal,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,468.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+688,Serbia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,453.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+688,Serbia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,683.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+688,Serbia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1281.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+688,Serbia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1497.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+688,Serbia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1711.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+688,Serbia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,308.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+688,Serbia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,950.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+688,Serbia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1461.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+688,Serbia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1706.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+688,Serbia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1921.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+690,Seychelles,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,121.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+690,Seychelles,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,129.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+690,Seychelles,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,175.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+690,Seychelles,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,303.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+690,Seychelles,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,350.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+690,Seychelles,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,362.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+690,Seychelles,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,224.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+690,Seychelles,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,269.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+690,Seychelles,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,352.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+690,Seychelles,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,505.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+690,Seychelles,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,585.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+690,Seychelles,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,611.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+694,Sierra Leone,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,13.8000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+694,Sierra Leone,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,40.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+694,Sierra Leone,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,39.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+694,Sierra Leone,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,55.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+694,Sierra Leone,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,51.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+694,Sierra Leone,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,57.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+694,Sierra Leone,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,57.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+694,Sierra Leone,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,64.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+694,Sierra Leone,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,26.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+694,Sierra Leone,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,41.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+694,Sierra Leone,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,39.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+694,Sierra Leone,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,39.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+702,Singapore,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6070.0000,Excluding Malaysian citizens arriving by land.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+702,Singapore,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,7079.0000,Excluding Malaysian citizens arriving by land.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+702,Singapore,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,9161.0000,Excluding Malaysian citizens arriving by land.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+702,Singapore,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,12913.0000,Excluding Malaysian citizens arriving by land.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+702,Singapore,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,13903.0000,Excluding Malaysian citizens arriving by land.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+702,Singapore,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,14673.0000,Excluding Malaysian citizens arriving by land.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+702,Singapore,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,7611.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+702,Singapore,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6209.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+702,Singapore,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,14178.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+702,Singapore,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,18944.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+702,Singapore,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,19891.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+702,Singapore,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,20416.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+668,Sint Eustatius,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8.8000,Excluding Netherlands Antillean residents.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+668,Sint Eustatius,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,10.4000,Excluding Netherlands Antillean residents.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+668,Sint Eustatius,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,11.4000,Excluding Netherlands Antillean residents.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+534,Sint Maarten (Dutch part),1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,460.0000,Arrivals by air. Including arrivals to Saint Martin (French part).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+534,Sint Maarten (Dutch part),2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,468.0000,Arrivals by air. Including arrivals to Saint Martin (French part).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+534,Sint Maarten (Dutch part),2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,443.0000,Arrivals by air. Including arrivals to Saint Martin (French part).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+534,Sint Maarten (Dutch part),2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,528.0000,Arrivals by air. Including arrivals to Saint Martin (French part).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+534,Sint Maarten (Dutch part),2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,402.0000,Arrivals by air. Including arrivals to Saint Martin (French part).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+534,Sint Maarten (Dutch part),2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,178.0000,Arrivals by air. Including arrivals to Saint Martin (French part).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+534,Sint Maarten (Dutch part),2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,681.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+534,Sint Maarten (Dutch part),2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,871.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+534,Sint Maarten (Dutch part),2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,646.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+534,Sint Maarten (Dutch part),2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,468.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+703,Slovakia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,903.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in commercial accommodation only (representing approximately 25% of all tourists).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+703,Slovakia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1515.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in commercial accommodation only (representing approximately 25% of all tourists).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+703,Slovakia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1327.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in commercial accommodation only (representing approximately 25% of all tourists).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+703,Slovakia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,2027.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in commercial accommodation only (representing approximately 25% of all tourists).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+703,Slovakia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,2162.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in commercial accommodation only (representing approximately 25% of all tourists).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+703,Slovakia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,2256.0000,Non-resident tourists staying in commercial accommodation only (representing approximately 25% of all tourists).,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+703,Slovakia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,630.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+703,Slovakia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1282.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+703,Slovakia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2334.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+703,Slovakia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2812.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+703,Slovakia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3024.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+703,Slovakia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3318.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+705,Slovenia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,732.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+705,Slovenia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,1555.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+705,Slovenia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,2049.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+705,Slovenia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,3397.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+705,Slovenia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,3991.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+705,Slovenia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,4425.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+705,Slovenia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1128.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+705,Slovenia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1894.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+705,Slovenia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2808.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+705,Slovenia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2717.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+705,Slovenia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3057.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+705,Slovenia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3378.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+90,Solomon Islands,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,11.8000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+90,Solomon Islands,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,9.4000,Without first quarter.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+90,Solomon Islands,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,20.5000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+90,Solomon Islands,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,23.2000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+90,Solomon Islands,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,25.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+90,Solomon Islands,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,27.9000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+90,Solomon Islands,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,17.1000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+90,Solomon Islands,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6.4000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+90,Solomon Islands,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,50.8000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+90,Solomon Islands,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,71.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+90,Solomon Islands,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,79.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+90,Solomon Islands,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,92.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+710,South Africa,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4488.0000,Excluding arrivals for work and contract workers.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+710,South Africa,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,7369.0000,Excluding arrivals for work and contract workers.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+710,South Africa,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8074.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+710,South Africa,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,10044.0000,Break in the time series.;Excluding transit.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+710,South Africa,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,10285.0000,Excluding transit.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+710,South Africa,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,10472.0000,Excluding transit.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+710,South Africa,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2654.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+710,South Africa,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8629.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+710,South Africa,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,10309.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+710,South Africa,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8807.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+710,South Africa,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9706.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+710,South Africa,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9789.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+728,South Sudan,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,23.5000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+728,South Sudan,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,26.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+728,South Sudan,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,12.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+724,Spain,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,32971.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+724,Spain,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,55914.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+724,Spain,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,52677.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+724,Spain,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,75315.0000,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+724,Spain,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,81869.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+724,Spain,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,82773.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+724,Spain,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,25368.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+724,Spain,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,51959.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+724,Spain,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,58348.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+724,Spain,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,66982.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+724,Spain,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,75906.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+724,Spain,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,81250.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+144,Sri Lanka,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,403.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+144,Sri Lanka,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,549.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+144,Sri Lanka,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,654.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+144,Sri Lanka,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2051.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+144,Sri Lanka,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2116.4000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+144,Sri Lanka,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2334.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+144,Sri Lanka,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,367.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+144,Sri Lanka,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,729.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+144,Sri Lanka,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1044.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+144,Sri Lanka,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4591.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+144,Sri Lanka,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5083.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+144,Sri Lanka,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,5608.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+275,State of Palestine,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,88.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+275,State of Palestine,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,522.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+275,State of Palestine,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,400.0000,West Bank only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+275,State of Palestine,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,503.0000,West Bank only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+275,State of Palestine,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,606.0000,West Bank only.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+275,State of Palestine,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,255.0000,Excluding passenger transport.;West Bank and Gaza.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+275,State of Palestine,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,52.0000,Excluding passenger transport.;West Bank and Gaza.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+275,State of Palestine,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,409.0000,Excluding passenger transport.;West Bank and Gaza.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+275,State of Palestine,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,235.0000,Excluding passenger transport.;West Bank and Gaza.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+275,State of Palestine,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,225.0000,Excluding passenger transport.;West Bank and Gaza.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+275,State of Palestine,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,245.0000,Excluding passenger transport.;West Bank and Gaza.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+729,Sudan,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,29.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+729,Sudan,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,246.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+729,Sudan,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,495.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+729,Sudan,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,800.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+729,Sudan,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,813.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+729,Sudan,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,836.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+729,Sudan,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+729,Sudan,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,114.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+729,Sudan,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,82.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+729,Sudan,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1009.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+729,Sudan,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1029.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+729,Sudan,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1043.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+740,Suriname,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,43.0000,Arrivals at Zanderij Airport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+740,Suriname,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,161.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+740,Suriname,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,205.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+740,Suriname,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,256.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+740,Suriname,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,278.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+740,Suriname,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,52.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+740,Suriname,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,96.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+740,Suriname,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,69.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+740,Suriname,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,74.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+740,Suriname,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,61.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+740,Suriname,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,73.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+752,Sweden,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,2310.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+752,Sweden,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,4883.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+752,Sweden,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,5183.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+752,Sweden,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,6782.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+752,Sweden,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,7054.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+752,Sweden,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,7440.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+752,Sweden,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3471.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+752,Sweden,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6554.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+752,Sweden,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8336.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+752,Sweden,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,12764.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+752,Sweden,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,14168.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+752,Sweden,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,14926.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+756,Switzerland,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,6946.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+756,Switzerland,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,7229.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+756,Switzerland,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,8628.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+756,Switzerland,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,9205.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+756,Switzerland,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,9889.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+756,Switzerland,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,10362.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+756,Switzerland,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,11354.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+756,Switzerland,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,11952.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+756,Switzerland,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,17614.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+756,Switzerland,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,19042.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+756,Switzerland,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,19654.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+756,Switzerland,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,20276.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+760,Syrian Arab Republic,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,815.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+760,Syrian Arab Republic,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,3571.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+760,Syrian Arab Republic,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TCE,,8546.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.;Including Iraqi nationals.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+760,Syrian Arab Republic,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2035.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+760,Syrian Arab Republic,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,6308.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+762,Tajikistan,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,160.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+762,Tajikistan,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,344.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+762,Tajikistan,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,431.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+762,Tajikistan,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1035.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+762,Tajikistan,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9.1000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+762,Tajikistan,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,141.5000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+762,Tajikistan,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,149.6000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+762,Tajikistan,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,171.6000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+762,Tajikistan,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,170.9000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+764,Thailand,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6952.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+764,Thailand,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,11567.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+764,Thailand,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,15936.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+764,Thailand,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,32530.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+764,Thailand,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,35592.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+764,Thailand,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,38178.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+764,Thailand,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,9257.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+764,Thailand,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,12103.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+764,Thailand,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,23796.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+764,Thailand,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,48459.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+764,Thailand,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,57057.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+764,Thailand,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,65242.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+626,Timor-Leste,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,40.0000,Arrivals by air at Dili Airport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+626,Timor-Leste,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,66.0000,Arrivals by air at Dili Airport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+626,Timor-Leste,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,74.0000,Arrivals by air at Dili Airport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+626,Timor-Leste,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,75.0000,Arrivals by air at Dili Airport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+626,Timor-Leste,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,24.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+626,Timor-Leste,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,58.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+626,Timor-Leste,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,73.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+626,Timor-Leste,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,78.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+768,Togo,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,53.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+768,Togo,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,81.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+768,Togo,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,202.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+768,Togo,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,338.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+768,Togo,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,514.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+768,Togo,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,573.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+768,Togo,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,27.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+768,Togo,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,105.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+768,Togo,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,223.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+768,Togo,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,245.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+776,Tonga,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,29.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+776,Tonga,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,42.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+776,Tonga,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,47.1000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+776,Tonga,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,59.1000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+776,Tonga,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,62.5000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+776,Tonga,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,54.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+776,Tonga,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,15.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+776,Tonga,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,17.3000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+776,Tonga,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,52.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+776,Tonga,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,48.5000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+776,Tonga,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,48.1000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+780,Trinidad and Tobago,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,260.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+780,Trinidad and Tobago,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,463.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+780,Trinidad and Tobago,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,388.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+780,Trinidad and Tobago,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,409.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+780,Trinidad and Tobago,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,395.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+780,Trinidad and Tobago,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,375.0000,Arrivals by air.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+780,Trinidad and Tobago,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,232.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+780,Trinidad and Tobago,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,593.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+780,Trinidad and Tobago,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,630.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+780,Trinidad and Tobago,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,708.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+780,Trinidad and Tobago,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,717.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+780,Trinidad and Tobago,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,541.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+788,Tunisia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,4120.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+788,Tunisia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,6378.0000,Excluding nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+788,Tunisia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,7828.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+788,Tunisia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5724.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+788,Tunisia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,7052.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+788,Tunisia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,8299.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+788,Tunisia,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1838.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+788,Tunisia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2800.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+788,Tunisia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3477.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+788,Tunisia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1706.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+788,Tunisia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1782.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+788,Tunisia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2320.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+792,Turkey,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,7083.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+792,Turkey,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,20273.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+792,Turkey,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,31364.0000,Turkish citizens resident abroad are included.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+792,Turkey,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,30289.0000,Turkish citizens resident abroad are included.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+792,Turkey,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,37601.0000,Turkish citizens resident abroad are included.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+792,Turkey,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,45768.0000,Turkish citizens resident abroad are included.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+792,Turkey,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,20760.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+792,Turkey,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,26318.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+792,Turkey,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,26788.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+792,Turkey,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,31870.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+792,Turkey,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,37140.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+795,Turkmenistan,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,218.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+795,Turkmenistan,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,11.6000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+796,Turks and Caicos Islands,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,79.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+796,Turks and Caicos Islands,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,176.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+796,Turks and Caicos Islands,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,281.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+796,Turks and Caicos Islands,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,449.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+796,Turks and Caicos Islands,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,416.4000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+796,Turks and Caicos Islands,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,441.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+796,Turks and Caicos Islands,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,53.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+798,Tuvalu,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,0.9000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+798,Tuvalu,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1.1000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+798,Tuvalu,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+798,Tuvalu,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2.5000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+798,Tuvalu,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2.5000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+798,Tuvalu,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2.7000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+798,Tuvalu,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1.2000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+798,Tuvalu,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2.4000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+800,Uganda,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,160.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+800,Uganda,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,468.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+800,Uganda,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,946.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+800,Uganda,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1323.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+800,Uganda,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1402.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+800,Uganda,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,382.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+800,Uganda,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,802.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+800,Uganda,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1118.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+800,Uganda,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,957.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+800,Uganda,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1044.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+804,Ukraine,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3716.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+804,Ukraine,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,17631.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+804,Ukraine,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,21203.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+804,Ukraine,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,13333.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+804,Ukraine,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,14230.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+804,Ukraine,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,14104.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+804,Ukraine,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3542.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+804,Ukraine,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4696.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+804,Ukraine,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1723.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+804,Ukraine,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2019.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+804,Ukraine,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2269.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+784,United Arab Emirates,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,2315.0000,Arrivals in hotels only. Including domestic tourism and nationals of the country residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+784,United Arab Emirates,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,7126.0000,Arrivals in hotels only. Including domestic tourism and nationals of the country residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+784,United Arab Emirates,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,18967.0000,Arrivals in hotels only. Including domestic tourism and nationals of the country residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+784,United Arab Emirates,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,20394.0000,Arrivals in hotels only. Including domestic tourism and nationals of the country residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+784,United Arab Emirates,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),THS,,21286.0000,Arrivals in hotels only. Including domestic tourism and nationals of the country residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+784,United Arab Emirates,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,632.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+784,United Arab Emirates,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,3218.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+784,United Arab Emirates,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8577.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+784,United Arab Emirates,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,19496.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+784,United Arab Emirates,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,21048.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+784,United Arab Emirates,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,21390.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+826,United Kingdom,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,21719.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+826,United Kingdom,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,28039.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+826,United Kingdom,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,28295.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+826,United Kingdom,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,35814.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+826,United Kingdom,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,37651.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+826,United Kingdom,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,36316.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+826,United Kingdom,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,27577.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+826,United Kingdom,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,32948.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+826,United Kingdom,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,34715.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+826,United Kingdom,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,47777.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+826,United Kingdom,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,47719.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+826,United Kingdom,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,48515.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+834,United Rep. of Tanzania,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,285.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+834,United Rep. of Tanzania,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,590.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+834,United Rep. of Tanzania,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,754.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+834,United Rep. of Tanzania,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1233.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+834,United Rep. of Tanzania,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1275.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+834,United Rep. of Tanzania,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1378.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+834,United Rep. of Tanzania,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,835.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+834,United Rep. of Tanzania,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1279.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+834,United Rep. of Tanzania,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2149.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+834,United Rep. of Tanzania,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2265.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+834,United Rep. of Tanzania,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2465.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+840,United States of America,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,43318.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+840,United States of America,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,49206.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+840,United States of America,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,60010.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+840,United States of America,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,76407.4880,Break in the time series.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+840,United States of America,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,77186.7460,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+840,United States of America,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,79745.9180,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+840,United States of America,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,93743.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+840,United States of America,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,122077.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+840,United States of America,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,167996.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+840,United States of America,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,245991.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+840,United States of America,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,251544.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+840,United States of America,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,256145.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+850,United States Virgin Islands,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,454.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+850,United States Virgin Islands,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,594.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+850,United States Virgin Islands,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,572.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+850,United States Virgin Islands,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,667.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+850,United States Virgin Islands,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,535.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+850,United States Virgin Islands,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,381.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+850,United States Virgin Islands,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,822.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+850,United States Virgin Islands,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1432.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+850,United States Virgin Islands,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1223.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+850,United States Virgin Islands,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1343.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+850,United States Virgin Islands,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1202.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+850,United States Virgin Islands,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1046.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+858,Uruguay,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2022.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+858,Uruguay,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1808.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+858,Uruguay,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2353.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+858,Uruguay,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3037.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+858,Uruguay,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3674.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+858,Uruguay,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,3469.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+858,Uruguay,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,725.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+858,Uruguay,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,699.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+858,Uruguay,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1669.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+858,Uruguay,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2182.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+858,Uruguay,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2660.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+858,Uruguay,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2439.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+860,Uzbekistan,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,92.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+860,Uzbekistan,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,242.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+860,Uzbekistan,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,975.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+860,Uzbekistan,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2027.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+860,Uzbekistan,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,2690.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+860,Uzbekistan,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,5346.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+860,Uzbekistan,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,28.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+860,Uzbekistan,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,121.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+860,Uzbekistan,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,458.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+860,Uzbekistan,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,689.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+860,Uzbekistan,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1144.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+548,Vanuatu,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,44.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+548,Vanuatu,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,62.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+548,Vanuatu,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,97.2000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+548,Vanuatu,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,95.1000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+548,Vanuatu,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,109.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+548,Vanuatu,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,116.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+548,Vanuatu,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,104.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+548,Vanuatu,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,242.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+548,Vanuatu,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,275.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+548,Vanuatu,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,289.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+548,Vanuatu,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,325.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+862,Venezuela (Boliv. Rep. of),1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,700.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+862,Venezuela (Boliv. Rep. of),2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,706.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+862,Venezuela (Boliv. Rep. of),2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,526.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+862,Venezuela (Boliv. Rep. of),2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,601.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+862,Venezuela (Boliv. Rep. of),2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,427.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+862,Venezuela (Boliv. Rep. of),1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,995.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+862,Venezuela (Boliv. Rep. of),2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,722.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+862,Venezuela (Boliv. Rep. of),2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,885.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+862,Venezuela (Boliv. Rep. of),2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,546.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+704,Viet Nam,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1351.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+704,Viet Nam,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,3477.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+704,Viet Nam,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,5050.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+704,Viet Nam,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,10013.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+704,Viet Nam,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,12922.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+704,Viet Nam,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,15498.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+704,Viet Nam,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,2300.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+704,Viet Nam,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,4450.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+704,Viet Nam,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8500.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+704,Viet Nam,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,8890.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+704,Viet Nam,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,10080.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+887,Yemen,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,61.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+887,Yemen,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,336.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+887,Yemen,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1025.0000,Including nationals residing abroad.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+887,Yemen,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,1291.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+887,Yemen,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,116.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+894,Zambia,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,163.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+894,Zambia,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,669.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+894,Zambia,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,815.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+894,Zambia,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,956.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+894,Zambia,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1083.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+894,Zambia,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),TF,,1072.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+894,Zambia,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,447.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+894,Zambia,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,492.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+894,Zambia,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,683.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+894,Zambia,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,653.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+894,Zambia,2018,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,742.0000,Excluding passenger transport.,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+716,Zimbabwe,1995,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1416.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+716,Zimbabwe,2005,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,1559.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+716,Zimbabwe,2010,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,2239.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+716,Zimbabwe,2016,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,2168.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+716,Zimbabwe,2017,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,2423.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+716,Zimbabwe,2018,Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands),VF,,2580.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+716,Zimbabwe,1995,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,145.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+716,Zimbabwe,2005,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,99.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+716,Zimbabwe,2010,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,135.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+716,Zimbabwe,2016,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,194.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
+716,Zimbabwe,2017,Tourism expenditure (millions of US dollars),,,158.0000,,"World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, the UNWTO Statistics Database, last accessed January 2020."
diff --git a/apache-spark/pom.xml b/apache-spark/pom.xml
index 27768d60fc..e0855155bc 100644
--- a/apache-spark/pom.xml
+++ b/apache-spark/pom.xml
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
maven-assembly-plugin
+ 3.3.0package
diff --git a/apache-spark/src/main/java/com/baeldung/differences/dataframe/dataset/rdd/TouristData.java b/apache-spark/src/main/java/com/baeldung/differences/dataframe/dataset/rdd/TouristData.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fbeef4283a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-spark/src/main/java/com/baeldung/differences/dataframe/dataset/rdd/TouristData.java
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package com.baeldung.differences.dataframe.dataset.rdd;
+
+
+public class TouristData {
+
+ private String region;
+ private String country;
+ private String year;
+ private String series;
+ private Double value;
+ private String footnotes;
+ private String source;
+
+ public String getRegion() {
+ return region;
+ }
+
+ public void setRegion(String region) {
+ this.region = region;
+ }
+
+ public String getCountry() {
+ return country;
+ }
+
+ public void setCountry(String country) {
+ this.country = country;
+ }
+
+ public String getYear() {
+ return year;
+ }
+
+ public void setYear(String year) {
+ this.year = year;
+ }
+
+ public String getSeries() {
+ return series;
+ }
+
+ public void setSeries(String series) {
+ this.series = series;
+ }
+
+ public Double getValue() {
+ return value;
+ }
+
+ public void setValue(Double value) {
+ this.value = value;
+ }
+
+ public String getFootnotes() {
+ return footnotes;
+ }
+
+ public void setFootnotes(String footnotes) {
+ this.footnotes = footnotes;
+ }
+
+ public String getSource() {
+ return source;
+ }
+
+ public void setSource(String source) {
+ this.source = source;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String toString() {
+ return "TouristData [region=" + region + ", country=" + country + ", year=" + year + ", series=" + series + ", value=" + value + ", footnotes=" + footnotes + ", source=" + source + "]";
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/ActionsUnitTest.java b/apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/ActionsUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3e1811e6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/ActionsUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package com.baeldung.differences.rdd;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.spark.SparkConf;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaPairRDD;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import scala.Tuple2;
+
+public class ActionsUnitTest {
+ private static JavaRDD tourists;
+ private static JavaSparkContext sc;
+ public static final String COMMA_DELIMITER = ",(?=([^\"]*\"[^\"]*\")*[^\"]*$)";
+
+ @BeforeClass
+ public static void init() {
+ SparkConf conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("reduce")
+ .setMaster("local[*]");
+ sc = new JavaSparkContext(conf);
+ tourists = sc.textFile("data/Tourist.csv").filter(line -> !line.startsWith("Region"));
+ }
+
+ @AfterClass
+ public static void cleanup() {
+ sc.close();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenDistinctCount_thenReturnDistinctNumRecords() {
+ JavaRDD countries = tourists.map(line -> {
+ String[] columns = line.split(COMMA_DELIMITER);
+ return columns[1];
+ })
+ .distinct();
+ Long numberOfCountries = countries.count();
+ System.out.println("Count: " + numberOfCountries);
+
+ assertEquals(Long.valueOf(220), numberOfCountries);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenReduceByKeySum_thenTotalValuePerKey() {
+ JavaRDD touristsExpenditure = tourists.filter(line -> line.split(COMMA_DELIMITER)[3].contains("expenditure"));
+
+ JavaPairRDD expenditurePairRdd = touristsExpenditure.mapToPair(line -> {
+ String[] columns = line.split(COMMA_DELIMITER);
+ return new Tuple2<>(columns[1], Double.valueOf(columns[6]));
+ });
+ List> totalByCountry = expenditurePairRdd.reduceByKey((x, y) -> x + y)
+ .collect();
+ System.out.println("Total per Country: " + totalByCountry);
+
+ for(Tuple2 tuple : totalByCountry) {
+ if (tuple._1.equals("Mexico")) {
+ assertEquals(Double.valueOf(99164), tuple._2);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/DataFrameUnitTest.java b/apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/DataFrameUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f294e5bc66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/DataFrameUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package com.baeldung.differences.rdd;
+
+import static org.apache.spark.sql.functions.col;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Row;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class DataFrameUnitTest {
+ private static SparkSession session;
+ private static Dataset data;
+
+ @BeforeClass
+ public static void init() {
+ session = SparkSession.builder()
+ .appName("TouristDataFrameExample")
+ .master("local[*]")
+ .getOrCreate();
+ DataFrameReader dataFrameReader = session.read();
+ data = dataFrameReader.option("header", "true")
+ .csv("data/Tourist.csv");
+ }
+
+ @AfterClass
+ public static void cleanup() {
+ session.stop();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenSelectSpecificColumns_thenColumnsFiltered() {
+ Dataset selectedData = data.select(col("country"), col("year"), col("value"));
+ selectedData.show();
+
+ List resultList = Arrays.asList(selectedData.columns());
+ assertTrue(resultList.contains("country"));
+ assertTrue(resultList.contains("year"));
+ assertTrue(resultList.contains("value"));
+ assertFalse(resultList.contains("Series"));
+
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenFilteringByCountry_thenCountryRecordsSelected() {
+ Dataset filteredData = data.filter(col("country").equalTo("Mexico"));
+ filteredData.show();
+
+ filteredData.foreach(record -> {
+ assertEquals("Mexico", record.get(1));
+ });
+
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenGroupCountByCountry_thenContryTotalRecords() {
+ Dataset recordsPerCountry = data.groupBy(col("country"))
+ .count();
+ recordsPerCountry.show();
+
+ Dataset filteredData = recordsPerCountry.filter(col("country").equalTo("Sweden"));
+ assertEquals(new Long(12), filteredData.first()
+ .get(1));
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/DatasetUnitTest.java b/apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/DatasetUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d83505812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/DatasetUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package com.baeldung.differences.rdd;
+
+import static org.apache.spark.sql.functions.col;
+import static org.apache.spark.sql.functions.sum;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.FilterFunction;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoders;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Row;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.baeldung.differences.dataframe.dataset.rdd.TouristData;
+
+public class DatasetUnitTest {
+ private static SparkSession session;
+ private static Dataset typedDataset;
+
+ @BeforeClass
+ public static void init() {
+ session = SparkSession.builder()
+ .appName("TouristDatasetExample")
+ .master("local[*]")
+ .getOrCreate();
+ DataFrameReader dataFrameReader = session.read();
+ Dataset data = dataFrameReader.option("header", "true")
+ .csv("data/Tourist.csv");
+ Dataset responseWithSelectedColumns = data.select(col("region"),
+ col("country"), col("year"), col("series"), col("value").cast("double"),
+ col("footnotes"), col("source"));
+ typedDataset = responseWithSelectedColumns.as(Encoders.bean(TouristData.class));
+ }
+
+ @AfterClass
+ public static void cleanup() {
+ session.stop();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenFilteringByCountry_thenCountryRecordsSelected() {
+ Dataset selectedData = typedDataset
+ .filter((FilterFunction) record -> record.getCountry()
+ .equals("Norway"));
+ selectedData.show();
+
+ selectedData.foreach(record -> {
+ assertEquals("Norway", record.getCountry());
+ });
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenGroupCountByCountry_thenContryTotalRecords() {
+ Dataset countriesCount = typedDataset.groupBy(typedDataset.col("country"))
+ .count();
+ countriesCount.show();
+
+ assertEquals(Long.valueOf(220), Long.valueOf(countriesCount.count()));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenFilteredByPropertyRange_thenRetreiveValidRecords() {
+ // Filter records with existing data for years between 2010 and 2017
+ typedDataset.filter((FilterFunction) record -> record.getYear() != null
+ && (Long.valueOf(record.getYear()) > 2010 && Long.valueOf(record.getYear()) < 2017))
+ .show();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenSumValue_thenRetreiveTotalValue() {
+ // Total tourist expenditure by country
+ typedDataset.filter((FilterFunction) record -> record.getValue() != null
+ && record.getSeries()
+ .contains("expenditure"))
+ .groupBy("country")
+ .agg(sum("value"))
+ .show();
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/TransformationsUnitTest.java b/apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/TransformationsUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b2d9e1127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-spark/src/test/java/com/baeldung/differences/rdd/TransformationsUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.baeldung.differences.rdd;
+
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.spark.SparkConf;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TransformationsUnitTest {
+
+ public static final String COMMA_DELIMITER = ",(?=([^\"]*\"[^\"]*\")*[^\"]*$)";
+ private static JavaSparkContext sc;
+ private static JavaRDD tourists;
+
+ @BeforeClass
+ public static void init() {
+ SparkConf conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("uppercaseCountries")
+ .setMaster("local[*]");
+ sc = new JavaSparkContext(conf);
+ tourists = sc.textFile("data/Tourist.csv")
+ .filter(line -> !line.startsWith("Region")); //filter header row
+ }
+
+ @AfterClass
+ public static void cleanup() {
+ sc.close();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenMapUpperCase_thenCountryNameUppercased() {
+ JavaRDD upperCaseCountries = tourists.map(line -> {
+ String[] columns = line.split(COMMA_DELIMITER);
+ return columns[1].toUpperCase();
+ })
+ .distinct();
+
+ upperCaseCountries.saveAsTextFile("data/output/uppercase.txt");
+
+ upperCaseCountries.foreach(country -> {
+ //replace non alphanumerical characters
+ country = country.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z]", "");
+ assertTrue(StringUtils.isAllUpperCase(country));
+ });
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenFilterByCountry_thenShowRequestedCountryRecords() {
+ JavaRDD touristsInMexico = tourists.filter(line -> line.split(COMMA_DELIMITER)[1].equals("Mexico"));
+
+ touristsInMexico.saveAsTextFile("data/output/touristInMexico.txt");
+
+ touristsInMexico.foreach(record -> {
+ assertEquals("Mexico", record.split(COMMA_DELIMITER)[1]);
+ });
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/atomikos/pom.xml b/atomikos/pom.xml
index d680a3ca77..8918de7b77 100644
--- a/atomikos/pom.xml
+++ b/atomikos/pom.xml
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
org.hibernate
- hibernate-entitymanager
+ hibernate-core${hibernate.version}provided
diff --git a/aws-lambda/README.md b/aws-lambda/README.md
index 2fbdaace10..759c9dd506 100644
--- a/aws-lambda/README.md
+++ b/aws-lambda/README.md
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ This module contains articles about AWS Lambda
### Relevant Articles:
- [Using AWS Lambda with API Gateway](https://www.baeldung.com/aws-lambda-api-gateway)
- [Introduction to AWS Serverless Application Model](https://www.baeldung.com/aws-serverless)
+- [How to Implement Hibernate in an AWS Lambda Function in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-aws-lambda-hibernate)
diff --git a/aws-lambda/lambda/pom.xml b/aws-lambda/lambda/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..463d106c77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/aws-lambda/lambda/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ lambda
+ 0.1.0-SNAPSHOT
+ lambda
+ jar
+
+
+ com.baeldung
+ parent-modules
+ 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
+ ../../
+
+
+
+
+ com.amazonaws
+ aws-java-sdk-dynamodb
+ ${aws-java-sdk.version}
+
+
+ com.amazonaws
+ aws-java-sdk-core
+ ${aws-java-sdk.version}
+
+
+ com.amazonaws
+ aws-lambda-java-core
+ ${aws-lambda-java-core.version}
+
+
+ commons-logging
+ commons-logging
+
+
+
+
+ com.amazonaws
+ aws-lambda-java-events
+ ${aws-lambda-java-events.version}
+
+
+ commons-logging
+ commons-logging
+
+
+
+
+ com.google.code.gson
+ gson
+ ${gson.version}
+
+
+ commons-io
+ commons-io
+ ${commons-io.version}
+
+
+ com.googlecode.json-simple
+ json-simple
+ ${json-simple.version}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.plugins
+ maven-shade-plugin
+ ${maven-shade-plugin.version}
+
+ false
+
+
+
+ package
+
+ shade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1.1.1
+ 1.3.0
+ 1.2.0
+ 2.8.2
+ 1.11.241
+ 3.0.0
+
+
+
diff --git a/aws-lambda/sam-templates/template-implicit.yaml b/aws-lambda/lambda/sam-templates/template-implicit.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from aws-lambda/sam-templates/template-implicit.yaml
rename to aws-lambda/lambda/sam-templates/template-implicit.yaml
diff --git a/aws-lambda/sam-templates/template-inline-swagger.yaml b/aws-lambda/lambda/sam-templates/template-inline-swagger.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from aws-lambda/sam-templates/template-inline-swagger.yaml
rename to aws-lambda/lambda/sam-templates/template-inline-swagger.yaml
diff --git a/aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/LambdaMethodHandler.java b/aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/LambdaMethodHandler.java
similarity index 100%
rename from aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/LambdaMethodHandler.java
rename to aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/LambdaMethodHandler.java
diff --git a/aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/LambdaRequestHandler.java b/aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/LambdaRequestHandler.java
similarity index 100%
rename from aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/LambdaRequestHandler.java
rename to aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/LambdaRequestHandler.java
diff --git a/aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/LambdaRequestStreamHandler.java b/aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/LambdaRequestStreamHandler.java
similarity index 100%
rename from aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/LambdaRequestStreamHandler.java
rename to aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/LambdaRequestStreamHandler.java
diff --git a/aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/apigateway/APIDemoHandler.java b/aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/apigateway/APIDemoHandler.java
similarity index 100%
rename from aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/apigateway/APIDemoHandler.java
rename to aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/apigateway/APIDemoHandler.java
diff --git a/aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/apigateway/model/Person.java b/aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/apigateway/model/Person.java
similarity index 100%
rename from aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/apigateway/model/Person.java
rename to aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/apigateway/model/Person.java
diff --git a/aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/dynamodb/SavePersonHandler.java b/aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/dynamodb/SavePersonHandler.java
similarity index 100%
rename from aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/dynamodb/SavePersonHandler.java
rename to aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/dynamodb/SavePersonHandler.java
diff --git a/aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/dynamodb/bean/PersonRequest.java b/aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/dynamodb/bean/PersonRequest.java
similarity index 100%
rename from aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/dynamodb/bean/PersonRequest.java
rename to aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/dynamodb/bean/PersonRequest.java
diff --git a/aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/dynamodb/bean/PersonResponse.java b/aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/dynamodb/bean/PersonResponse.java
similarity index 100%
rename from aws-lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/dynamodb/bean/PersonResponse.java
rename to aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/dynamodb/bean/PersonResponse.java
diff --git a/aws-lambda/src/main/resources/logback.xml b/aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/resources/logback.xml
similarity index 100%
rename from aws-lambda/src/main/resources/logback.xml
rename to aws-lambda/lambda/src/main/resources/logback.xml
diff --git a/aws-lambda/pom.xml b/aws-lambda/pom.xml
index e1d2c7df27..116fc801aa 100644
--- a/aws-lambda/pom.xml
+++ b/aws-lambda/pom.xml
@@ -5,95 +5,19 @@
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
4.0.0aws-lambda
- 0.1.0-SNAPSHOTaws-lambda
- jar
+ pomcom.baeldungparent-modules1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
+ ../
-
-
- com.amazonaws
- aws-java-sdk-dynamodb
- ${aws-java-sdk.version}
-
-
- com.amazonaws
- aws-java-sdk-core
- ${aws-java-sdk.version}
-
-
- com.amazonaws
- aws-lambda-java-core
- ${aws-lambda-java-core.version}
-
-
- commons-logging
- commons-logging
-
-
-
-
- com.amazonaws
- aws-lambda-java-events
- ${aws-lambda-java-events.version}
-
-
- commons-logging
- commons-logging
-
-
-
-
- com.google.code.gson
- gson
- ${gson.version}
-
-
- commons-io
- commons-io
- ${commons-io.version}
-
-
- com.googlecode.json-simple
- json-simple
- ${json-simple.version}
-
-
+
+ lambda
+ shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction
+
-
-
-
- org.apache.maven.plugins
- maven-shade-plugin
- ${maven-shade-plugin.version}
-
- false
-
-
-
- package
-
- shade
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- 1.1.1
- 2.5
- 1.3.0
- 1.2.0
- 2.8.2
- 1.11.241
- 3.0.0
-
-
-
\ No newline at end of file
+
diff --git a/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/.gitignore b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9984c2e554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.aws-sam/
diff --git a/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/pom.xml b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c8224e6d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+
+ 4.0.0
+ com.baeldung
+ ShippingFunction
+ 1.0
+ jar
+ ShippingFunction
+
+ 1.8
+ 1.8
+ 5.4.21.Final
+
+
+
+
+ com.amazonaws
+ aws-lambda-java-core
+ 1.2.0
+
+
+ com.amazonaws
+ aws-lambda-java-events
+ 3.1.0
+
+
+ com.fasterxml.jackson.core
+ jackson-databind
+ 2.11.2
+
+
+ junit
+ junit
+ 4.12
+ test
+
+
+ org.hibernate
+ hibernate-core
+ ${hibernate.version}
+
+
+ org.hibernate
+ hibernate-hikaricp
+ ${hibernate.version}
+
+
+ org.postgresql
+ postgresql
+ 42.2.16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.plugins
+ maven-shade-plugin
+ 3.1.1
+
+
+
+
+ package
+
+ shade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/App.java b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/App.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95fd058667
--- /dev/null
+++ b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/App.java
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package com.baeldung.lambda.shipping;
+
+import com.amazonaws.services.lambda.runtime.Context;
+import com.amazonaws.services.lambda.runtime.RequestHandler;
+import com.amazonaws.services.lambda.runtime.events.APIGatewayProxyRequestEvent;
+import com.amazonaws.services.lambda.runtime.events.APIGatewayProxyResponseEvent;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource;
+import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
+import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
+import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
+import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
+import org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.spi.ConnectionProvider;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.hibernate.cfg.AvailableSettings.*;
+import static org.hibernate.cfg.AvailableSettings.PASS;
+
+/**
+ * Handler for requests to Lambda function.
+ */
+public class App implements RequestHandler {
+private static final ObjectMapper OBJECT_MAPPER = new ObjectMapper();
+ private SessionFactory sessionFactory = createSessionFactory();
+
+ public APIGatewayProxyResponseEvent handleRequest(APIGatewayProxyRequestEvent input, Context context) {
+ try {
+ ShippingService service = new ShippingService(sessionFactory, new ShippingDao());
+ return routeRequest(input, service);
+ } finally {
+ flushConnectionPool();
+ }
+ }
+
+ private APIGatewayProxyResponseEvent routeRequest(APIGatewayProxyRequestEvent input, ShippingService service) {
+ Map headers = new HashMap<>();
+ headers.put("Content-Type", "application/json");
+ headers.put("X-Custom-Header", "application/json");
+
+ Object result = "OK";
+
+ switch (input.getResource()) {
+ case "/consignment":
+ result = service.createConsignment(
+ fromJson(input.getBody(), Consignment.class));
+ break;
+ case "/consignment/{id}":
+ result = service.view(input.getPathParameters().get("id"));
+ break;
+ case "/consignment/{id}/item":
+ service.addItem(input.getPathParameters().get("id"),
+ fromJson(input.getBody(), Item.class));
+ break;
+ case "/consignment/{id}/checkin":
+ service.checkIn(input.getPathParameters().get("id"),
+ fromJson(input.getBody(), Checkin.class));
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return new APIGatewayProxyResponseEvent()
+ .withHeaders(headers)
+ .withStatusCode(200)
+ .withBody(toJson(result));
+ }
+
+ private static String toJson(T object) {
+ try {
+ return OBJECT_MAPPER.writeValueAsString(object);
+ } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
+ throw new RuntimeException(e);
+ }
+ }
+
+ private static T fromJson(String json, Class type) {
+ try {
+ return OBJECT_MAPPER.readValue(json, type);
+ } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
+ throw new RuntimeException(e);
+ }
+ }
+
+ private static SessionFactory createSessionFactory() {
+ Map settings = new HashMap<>();
+ settings.put(URL, System.getenv("DB_URL"));
+ settings.put(DIALECT, "org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect");
+ settings.put(DEFAULT_SCHEMA, "shipping");
+ settings.put(DRIVER, "org.postgresql.Driver");
+ settings.put(USER, System.getenv("DB_USER"));
+ settings.put(PASS, System.getenv("DB_PASSWORD"));
+ settings.put("hibernate.hikari.connectionTimeout", "20000");
+ settings.put("hibernate.hikari.minimumIdle", "1");
+ settings.put("hibernate.hikari.maximumPoolSize", "2");
+ settings.put("hibernate.hikari.idleTimeout", "30000");
+
+// commented out as we only need them on first use
+// settings.put(HBM2DDL_AUTO, "create-only");
+// settings.put(HBM2DDL_DATABASE_ACTION, "create");
+
+ StandardServiceRegistry registry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
+ .applySettings(settings)
+ .build();
+
+ return new MetadataSources(registry)
+ .addAnnotatedClass(Consignment.class)
+ .addAnnotatedClass(Item.class)
+ .addAnnotatedClass(Checkin.class)
+ .buildMetadata()
+ .buildSessionFactory();
+ }
+
+ private void flushConnectionPool() {
+ ConnectionProvider connectionProvider = sessionFactory.getSessionFactoryOptions()
+ .getServiceRegistry()
+ .getService(ConnectionProvider.class);
+ HikariDataSource hikariDataSource = connectionProvider.unwrap(HikariDataSource.class);
+ hikariDataSource.getHikariPoolMXBean().softEvictConnections();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/Checkin.java b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/Checkin.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93e6404749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/Checkin.java
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.lambda.shipping;
+
+import javax.persistence.Column;
+import javax.persistence.Embeddable;
+
+@Embeddable
+public class Checkin {
+ private String timeStamp;
+ private String location;
+
+ @Column(name = "timestamp")
+ public String getTimeStamp() {
+ return timeStamp;
+ }
+
+ public void setTimeStamp(String timeStamp) {
+ this.timeStamp = timeStamp;
+ }
+
+ @Column(name = "location")
+ public String getLocation() {
+ return location;
+ }
+
+ public void setLocation(String location) {
+ this.location = location;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/Consignment.java b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/Consignment.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a2371b37f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/Consignment.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package com.baeldung.lambda.shipping;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static javax.persistence.FetchType.EAGER;
+
+@Entity(name = "consignment")
+@Table(name = "consignment")
+public class Consignment {
+ private String id;
+ private String source;
+ private String destination;
+ private boolean isDelivered;
+ private List items = new ArrayList<>();
+ private List checkins = new ArrayList<>();
+
+ @Id
+ @Column(name = "consignment_id")
+ public String getId() {
+ return id;
+ }
+
+ public void setId(String id) {
+ this.id = id;
+ }
+
+ @Column(name = "source")
+ public String getSource() {
+ return source;
+ }
+
+ public void setSource(String source) {
+ this.source = source;
+ }
+
+ @Column(name = "destination")
+ public String getDestination() {
+ return destination;
+ }
+
+ public void setDestination(String destination) {
+ this.destination = destination;
+ }
+
+ @Column(name = "delivered", columnDefinition = "boolean")
+ public boolean isDelivered() {
+ return isDelivered;
+ }
+
+ public void setDelivered(boolean delivered) {
+ isDelivered = delivered;
+ }
+
+ @ElementCollection(fetch = EAGER)
+ @CollectionTable(name = "consignment_item", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "consignment_id"))
+ @OrderColumn(name = "item_index")
+ public List getItems() {
+ return items;
+ }
+
+ public void setItems(List items) {
+ this.items = items;
+ }
+
+ @ElementCollection(fetch = EAGER)
+ @CollectionTable(name = "consignment_checkin", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "consignment_id"))
+ @OrderColumn(name = "checkin_index")
+ public List getCheckins() {
+ return checkins;
+ }
+
+ public void setCheckins(List checkins) {
+ this.checkins = checkins;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/Item.java b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/Item.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de6194e180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/Item.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.baeldung.lambda.shipping;
+
+import javax.persistence.Column;
+import javax.persistence.Embeddable;
+
+@Embeddable
+public class Item {
+ private String location;
+ private String description;
+ private String timeStamp;
+
+ @Column(name = "location")
+ public String getLocation() {
+ return location;
+ }
+
+ public void setLocation(String location) {
+ this.location = location;
+ }
+
+ @Column(name = "description")
+ public String getDescription() {
+ return description;
+ }
+
+ public void setDescription(String description) {
+ this.description = description;
+ }
+
+ @Column(name = "timestamp")
+ public String getTimeStamp() {
+ return timeStamp;
+ }
+
+ public void setTimeStamp(String timeStamp) {
+ this.timeStamp = timeStamp;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/ShippingDao.java b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/ShippingDao.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..369dc33935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/ShippingDao.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.lambda.shipping;
+
+import org.hibernate.Session;
+import org.hibernate.Transaction;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class ShippingDao {
+ /**
+ * Save a consignment to the database
+ * @param consignment the consignment to save
+ */
+ public void save(Session session, Consignment consignment) {
+ Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
+ session.save(consignment);
+ transaction.commit();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Find a consignment in the database by id
+ */
+ public Optional find(Session session, String id) {
+ return Optional.ofNullable(session.get(Consignment.class, id));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/ShippingService.java b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/ShippingService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c951068ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/ShippingFunction/src/main/java/com/baeldung/lambda/shipping/ShippingService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package com.baeldung.lambda.shipping;
+
+import org.hibernate.Session;
+import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
+
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+public class ShippingService {
+ private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
+ private ShippingDao shippingDao;
+
+ public ShippingService(SessionFactory sessionFactory, ShippingDao shippingDao) {
+ this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
+ this.shippingDao = shippingDao;
+ }
+
+ public String createConsignment(Consignment consignment) {
+ try (Session session = sessionFactory.openSession()) {
+ consignment.setDelivered(false);
+ consignment.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+ shippingDao.save(session, consignment);
+ return consignment.getId();
+ }
+ }
+
+ public void addItem(String consignmentId, Item item) {
+ try (Session session = sessionFactory.openSession()) {
+ shippingDao.find(session, consignmentId)
+ .ifPresent(consignment -> addItem(session, consignment, item));
+ }
+ }
+
+ private void addItem(Session session, Consignment consignment, Item item) {
+ consignment.getItems()
+ .add(item);
+ shippingDao.save(session, consignment);
+ }
+
+ public void checkIn(String consignmentId, Checkin checkin) {
+ try (Session session = sessionFactory.openSession()) {
+ shippingDao.find(session, consignmentId)
+ .ifPresent(consignment -> checkIn(session, consignment, checkin));
+ }
+ }
+
+ private void checkIn(Session session, Consignment consignment, Checkin checkin) {
+ consignment.getCheckins().add(checkin);
+ consignment.getCheckins().sort(Comparator.comparing(Checkin::getTimeStamp));
+ if (checkin.getLocation().equals(consignment.getDestination())) {
+ consignment.setDelivered(true);
+ }
+ shippingDao.save(session, consignment);
+ }
+
+ public Consignment view(String consignmentId) {
+ try (Session session = sessionFactory.openSession()) {
+ return shippingDao.find(session, consignmentId)
+ .orElseGet(Consignment::new);
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/template.yaml b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/template.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec75c51ba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/aws-lambda/shipping-tracker/template.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
+Transform: AWS::Serverless-2016-10-31
+Description: >
+ shipping-tracker
+
+ Sample SAM Template for shipping-tracker
+
+# More info about Globals: https://github.com/awslabs/serverless-application-model/blob/master/docs/globals.rst
+Globals:
+ Function:
+ Timeout: 20
+
+Resources:
+ ShippingFunction:
+ Type: AWS::Serverless::Function
+ Properties:
+ CodeUri: ShippingFunction
+ Handler: com.baeldung.lambda.shipping.App::handleRequest
+ Runtime: java8
+ MemorySize: 512
+ Environment:
+ Variables:
+ DB_URL: jdbc:postgresql://postgres/postgres
+ DB_USER: postgres
+ DB_PASSWORD: password
+ Events:
+ CreateConsignment:
+ Type: Api
+ Properties:
+ Path: /consignment
+ Method: post
+ AddItem:
+ Type: Api
+ Properties:
+ Path: /consignment/{id}/item
+ Method: post
+ CheckIn:
+ Type: Api
+ Properties:
+ Path: /consignment/{id}/checkin
+ Method: post
+ ViewConsignment:
+ Type: Api
+ Properties:
+ Path: /consignment/{id}
+ Method: get
+
diff --git a/aws-reactive/pom.xml b/aws-reactive/pom.xml
index d4f0e5e231..6224ccbb99 100644
--- a/aws-reactive/pom.xml
+++ b/aws-reactive/pom.xml
@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@
- 1.82.2.1.RELEASE2.10.27
diff --git a/axon/README.md b/axon/README.md
index 069102fc3a..3b2fd0b5ff 100644
--- a/axon/README.md
+++ b/axon/README.md
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ This module contains articles about Axon
### Relevant articles
- [A Guide to the Axon Framework](https://www.baeldung.com/axon-cqrs-event-sourcing)
+- [Multi-Entity Aggregates in Axon](https://www.baeldung.com/java-axon-multi-entity-aggregates)
diff --git a/axon/pom.xml b/axon/pom.xml
index f6c43c7cbd..f2cdc34fd1 100644
--- a/axon/pom.xml
+++ b/axon/pom.xml
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
- 4.1.2
+ 4.4.7
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/OrderAggregate.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/OrderAggregate.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ef02e6b54..0000000000
--- a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/OrderAggregate.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.axon.commandmodel;
-
-import static org.axonframework.modelling.command.AggregateLifecycle.apply;
-
-import org.axonframework.commandhandling.CommandHandler;
-import org.axonframework.eventsourcing.EventSourcingHandler;
-import org.axonframework.modelling.command.AggregateIdentifier;
-import org.axonframework.spring.stereotype.Aggregate;
-
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.ConfirmOrderCommand;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.PlaceOrderCommand;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.ShipOrderCommand;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderConfirmedEvent;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderPlacedEvent;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderShippedEvent;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.exceptions.UnconfirmedOrderException;
-
-@Aggregate
-public class OrderAggregate {
-
- @AggregateIdentifier
- private String orderId;
- private boolean orderConfirmed;
-
- @CommandHandler
- public OrderAggregate(PlaceOrderCommand command) {
- apply(new OrderPlacedEvent(command.getOrderId(), command.getProduct()));
- }
-
- @CommandHandler
- public void handle(ConfirmOrderCommand command) {
- apply(new OrderConfirmedEvent(orderId));
- }
-
- @CommandHandler
- public void handle(ShipOrderCommand command) {
- if (!orderConfirmed) {
- throw new UnconfirmedOrderException();
- }
-
- apply(new OrderShippedEvent(orderId));
- }
-
- @EventSourcingHandler
- public void on(OrderPlacedEvent event) {
- this.orderId = event.getOrderId();
- this.orderConfirmed = false;
- }
-
- @EventSourcingHandler
- public void on(OrderConfirmedEvent event) {
- this.orderConfirmed = true;
- }
-
- protected OrderAggregate() {
- // Required by Axon to build a default Aggregate prior to Event Sourcing
- }
-
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/order/OrderAggregate.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/order/OrderAggregate.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97342bdb3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/order/OrderAggregate.java
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.commandmodel.order;
+
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.AddProductCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.ConfirmOrderCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.CreateOrderCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.ShipOrderCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderConfirmedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderCreatedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderShippedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.ProductAddedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.ProductRemovedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.exceptions.DuplicateOrderLineException;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.exceptions.OrderAlreadyConfirmedException;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.exceptions.UnconfirmedOrderException;
+import org.axonframework.commandhandling.CommandHandler;
+import org.axonframework.eventsourcing.EventSourcingHandler;
+import org.axonframework.modelling.command.AggregateIdentifier;
+import org.axonframework.modelling.command.AggregateMember;
+import org.axonframework.spring.stereotype.Aggregate;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.axonframework.modelling.command.AggregateLifecycle.apply;
+
+@Aggregate
+public class OrderAggregate {
+
+ @AggregateIdentifier
+ private String orderId;
+ private boolean orderConfirmed;
+
+ @AggregateMember
+ private Map orderLines;
+
+ @CommandHandler
+ public OrderAggregate(CreateOrderCommand command) {
+ apply(new OrderCreatedEvent(command.getOrderId()));
+ }
+
+ @CommandHandler
+ public void handle(AddProductCommand command) {
+ if (orderConfirmed) {
+ throw new OrderAlreadyConfirmedException(orderId);
+ }
+
+ String productId = command.getProductId();
+ if (orderLines.containsKey(productId)) {
+ throw new DuplicateOrderLineException(productId);
+ }
+ apply(new ProductAddedEvent(orderId, productId));
+ }
+
+ @CommandHandler
+ public void handle(ConfirmOrderCommand command) {
+ if (orderConfirmed) {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ apply(new OrderConfirmedEvent(orderId));
+ }
+
+ @CommandHandler
+ public void handle(ShipOrderCommand command) {
+ if (!orderConfirmed) {
+ throw new UnconfirmedOrderException();
+ }
+
+ apply(new OrderShippedEvent(orderId));
+ }
+
+ @EventSourcingHandler
+ public void on(OrderCreatedEvent event) {
+ this.orderId = event.getOrderId();
+ this.orderConfirmed = false;
+ this.orderLines = new HashMap<>();
+ }
+
+ @EventSourcingHandler
+ public void on(OrderConfirmedEvent event) {
+ this.orderConfirmed = true;
+ }
+
+ @EventSourcingHandler
+ public void on(ProductAddedEvent event) {
+ String productId = event.getProductId();
+ this.orderLines.put(productId, new OrderLine(productId));
+ }
+
+ @EventSourcingHandler
+ public void on(ProductRemovedEvent event) {
+ this.orderLines.remove(event.getProductId());
+ }
+
+ protected OrderAggregate() {
+ // Required by Axon to build a default Aggregate prior to Event Sourcing
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/order/OrderLine.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/order/OrderLine.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e471ecbfe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/order/OrderLine.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.commandmodel.order;
+
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.DecrementProductCountCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.IncrementProductCountCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderConfirmedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.ProductCountDecrementedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.ProductCountIncrementedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.ProductRemovedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.exceptions.OrderAlreadyConfirmedException;
+import org.axonframework.commandhandling.CommandHandler;
+import org.axonframework.eventsourcing.EventSourcingHandler;
+import org.axonframework.modelling.command.EntityId;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import static org.axonframework.modelling.command.AggregateLifecycle.apply;
+
+public class OrderLine {
+
+ @EntityId
+ private final String productId;
+ private Integer count;
+ private boolean orderConfirmed;
+
+ public OrderLine(String productId) {
+ this.productId = productId;
+ this.count = 1;
+ }
+
+ @CommandHandler
+ public void handle(IncrementProductCountCommand command) {
+ if (orderConfirmed) {
+ throw new OrderAlreadyConfirmedException(command.getOrderId());
+ }
+
+ apply(new ProductCountIncrementedEvent(command.getOrderId(), productId));
+ }
+
+ @CommandHandler
+ public void handle(DecrementProductCountCommand command) {
+ if (orderConfirmed) {
+ throw new OrderAlreadyConfirmedException(command.getOrderId());
+ }
+
+ if (count <= 1) {
+ apply(new ProductRemovedEvent(command.getOrderId(), productId));
+ } else {
+ apply(new ProductCountDecrementedEvent(command.getOrderId(), productId));
+ }
+ }
+
+ @EventSourcingHandler
+ public void on(ProductCountIncrementedEvent event) {
+ this.count++;
+ }
+
+ @EventSourcingHandler
+ public void on(ProductCountDecrementedEvent event) {
+ this.count--;
+ }
+
+ @EventSourcingHandler
+ public void on(OrderConfirmedEvent event) {
+ this.orderConfirmed = true;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean equals(Object o) {
+ if (this == o) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ OrderLine orderLine = (OrderLine) o;
+ return Objects.equals(productId, orderLine.productId) && Objects.equals(count, orderLine.count);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int hashCode() {
+ return Objects.hash(productId, count);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/AddProductCommand.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/AddProductCommand.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28736aaadc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/AddProductCommand.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands;
+
+import org.axonframework.modelling.command.TargetAggregateIdentifier;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class AddProductCommand {
+
+ @TargetAggregateIdentifier
+ private final String orderId;
+ private final String productId;
+
+ public AddProductCommand(String orderId, String productId) {
+ this.orderId = orderId;
+ this.productId = productId;
+ }
+
+ public String getOrderId() {
+ return orderId;
+ }
+
+ public String getProductId() {
+ return productId;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean equals(Object o) {
+ if (this == o) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ AddProductCommand that = (AddProductCommand) o;
+ return Objects.equals(orderId, that.orderId) && Objects.equals(productId, that.productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int hashCode() {
+ return Objects.hash(orderId, productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String toString() {
+ return "AddProductCommand{" +
+ "orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
+ ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
+ '}';
+ }
+}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/CreateOrderCommand.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/CreateOrderCommand.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ceb7fd6a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/CreateOrderCommand.java
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands;
+
+import org.axonframework.modelling.command.TargetAggregateIdentifier;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class CreateOrderCommand {
+
+ @TargetAggregateIdentifier
+ private final String orderId;
+
+ public CreateOrderCommand(String orderId) {
+ this.orderId = orderId;
+ }
+
+ public String getOrderId() {
+ return orderId;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean equals(Object o) {
+ if (this == o) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ CreateOrderCommand that = (CreateOrderCommand) o;
+ return Objects.equals(orderId, that.orderId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int hashCode() {
+ return Objects.hash(orderId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String toString() {
+ return "CreateOrderCommand{" +
+ "orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
+ '}';
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/DecrementProductCountCommand.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/DecrementProductCountCommand.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6f4db00fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/DecrementProductCountCommand.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands;
+
+import org.axonframework.modelling.command.TargetAggregateIdentifier;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class DecrementProductCountCommand {
+
+ @TargetAggregateIdentifier
+ private final String orderId;
+ private final String productId;
+
+ public DecrementProductCountCommand(String orderId, String productId) {
+ this.orderId = orderId;
+ this.productId = productId;
+ }
+
+ public String getOrderId() {
+ return orderId;
+ }
+
+ public String getProductId() {
+ return productId;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean equals(Object o) {
+ if (this == o) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ DecrementProductCountCommand that = (DecrementProductCountCommand) o;
+ return Objects.equals(orderId, that.orderId) && Objects.equals(productId, that.productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int hashCode() {
+ return Objects.hash(orderId, productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String toString() {
+ return "DecrementProductCountCommand{" +
+ "orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
+ ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
+ '}';
+ }
+}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/IncrementProductCountCommand.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/IncrementProductCountCommand.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..548faabe37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/IncrementProductCountCommand.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands;
+
+import org.axonframework.modelling.command.TargetAggregateIdentifier;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class IncrementProductCountCommand {
+
+ @TargetAggregateIdentifier
+ private final String orderId;
+ private final String productId;
+
+ public IncrementProductCountCommand(String orderId, String productId) {
+ this.orderId = orderId;
+ this.productId = productId;
+ }
+
+ public String getOrderId() {
+ return orderId;
+ }
+
+ public String getProductId() {
+ return productId;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean equals(Object o) {
+ if (this == o) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ IncrementProductCountCommand that = (IncrementProductCountCommand) o;
+ return Objects.equals(orderId, that.orderId) && Objects.equals(productId, that.productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int hashCode() {
+ return Objects.hash(orderId, productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String toString() {
+ return "IncrementProductCountCommand{" +
+ "orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
+ ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
+ '}';
+ }
+}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/PlaceOrderCommand.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/PlaceOrderCommand.java
deleted file mode 100644
index c70d503050..0000000000
--- a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/commands/PlaceOrderCommand.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands;
-
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-import org.axonframework.modelling.command.TargetAggregateIdentifier;
-
-public class PlaceOrderCommand {
-
- @TargetAggregateIdentifier
- private final String orderId;
- private final String product;
-
- public PlaceOrderCommand(String orderId, String product) {
- this.orderId = orderId;
- this.product = product;
- }
-
- public String getOrderId() {
- return orderId;
- }
-
- public String getProduct() {
- return product;
- }
-
- @Override
- public int hashCode() {
- return Objects.hash(orderId, product);
- }
-
- @Override
- public boolean equals(Object obj) {
- if (this == obj) {
- return true;
- }
- if (obj == null || getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
- return false;
- }
- final PlaceOrderCommand other = (PlaceOrderCommand) obj;
- return Objects.equals(this.orderId, other.orderId)
- && Objects.equals(this.product, other.product);
- }
-
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "PlaceOrderCommand{" +
- "orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
- ", product='" + product + '\'' +
- '}';
- }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/OrderCreatedEvent.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/OrderCreatedEvent.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d2d8b7f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/OrderCreatedEvent.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class OrderCreatedEvent {
+
+ private final String orderId;
+
+ public OrderCreatedEvent(String orderId) {
+ this.orderId = orderId;
+ }
+
+ public String getOrderId() {
+ return orderId;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean equals(Object o) {
+ if (this == o) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ OrderCreatedEvent that = (OrderCreatedEvent) o;
+ return Objects.equals(orderId, that.orderId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int hashCode() {
+ return Objects.hash(orderId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String toString() {
+ return "OrderCreatedEvent{" +
+ "orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
+ '}';
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/OrderPlacedEvent.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/OrderPlacedEvent.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 06de4c5f9f..0000000000
--- a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/OrderPlacedEvent.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events;
-
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-public class OrderPlacedEvent {
-
- private final String orderId;
- private final String product;
-
- public OrderPlacedEvent(String orderId, String product) {
- this.orderId = orderId;
- this.product = product;
- }
-
- public String getOrderId() {
- return orderId;
- }
-
- public String getProduct() {
- return product;
- }
-
- @Override
- public int hashCode() {
- return Objects.hash(orderId, product);
- }
-
- @Override
- public boolean equals(Object obj) {
- if (this == obj) {
- return true;
- }
- if (obj == null || getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
- return false;
- }
- final OrderPlacedEvent other = (OrderPlacedEvent) obj;
- return Objects.equals(this.orderId, other.orderId)
- && Objects.equals(this.product, other.product);
- }
-
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "OrderPlacedEvent{" +
- "orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
- ", product='" + product + '\'' +
- '}';
- }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/ProductAddedEvent.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/ProductAddedEvent.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..091ef2a570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/ProductAddedEvent.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class ProductAddedEvent {
+
+ private final String orderId;
+ private final String productId;
+
+ public ProductAddedEvent(String orderId, String productId) {
+ this.orderId = orderId;
+ this.productId = productId;
+ }
+
+ public String getOrderId() {
+ return orderId;
+ }
+
+ public String getProductId() {
+ return productId;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean equals(Object o) {
+ if (this == o) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ ProductAddedEvent that = (ProductAddedEvent) o;
+ return Objects.equals(orderId, that.orderId) && Objects.equals(productId, that.productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int hashCode() {
+ return Objects.hash(orderId, productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String toString() {
+ return "ProductAddedEvent{" +
+ "orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
+ ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
+ '}';
+ }
+}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/ProductCountDecrementedEvent.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/ProductCountDecrementedEvent.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4017916791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/ProductCountDecrementedEvent.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class ProductCountDecrementedEvent {
+
+ private final String orderId;
+ private final String productId;
+
+ public ProductCountDecrementedEvent(String orderId, String productId) {
+ this.orderId = orderId;
+ this.productId = productId;
+ }
+
+ public String getOrderId() {
+ return orderId;
+ }
+
+ public String getProductId() {
+ return productId;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean equals(Object o) {
+ if (this == o) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ ProductCountDecrementedEvent that = (ProductCountDecrementedEvent) o;
+ return Objects.equals(orderId, that.orderId) && Objects.equals(productId, that.productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int hashCode() {
+ return Objects.hash(orderId, productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String toString() {
+ return "ProductCountDecrementedEvent{" +
+ "orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
+ ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
+ '}';
+ }
+}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/ProductCountIncrementedEvent.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/ProductCountIncrementedEvent.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2910a9ea6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/ProductCountIncrementedEvent.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class ProductCountIncrementedEvent {
+
+ private final String orderId;
+ private final String productId;
+
+ public ProductCountIncrementedEvent(String orderId, String productId) {
+ this.orderId = orderId;
+ this.productId = productId;
+ }
+
+ public String getOrderId() {
+ return orderId;
+ }
+
+ public String getProductId() {
+ return productId;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean equals(Object o) {
+ if (this == o) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ ProductCountIncrementedEvent that = (ProductCountIncrementedEvent) o;
+ return Objects.equals(orderId, that.orderId) && Objects.equals(productId, that.productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int hashCode() {
+ return Objects.hash(orderId, productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String toString() {
+ return "ProductCountIncrementedEvent{" +
+ "orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
+ ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
+ '}';
+ }
+}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/ProductRemovedEvent.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/ProductRemovedEvent.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f89ccd1cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/events/ProductRemovedEvent.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class ProductRemovedEvent {
+
+ private final String orderId;
+ private final String productId;
+
+ public ProductRemovedEvent(String orderId, String productId) {
+ this.orderId = orderId;
+ this.productId = productId;
+ }
+
+ public String getOrderId() {
+ return orderId;
+ }
+
+ public String getProductId() {
+ return productId;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean equals(Object o) {
+ if (this == o) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ ProductRemovedEvent that = (ProductRemovedEvent) o;
+ return Objects.equals(orderId, that.orderId) && Objects.equals(productId, that.productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int hashCode() {
+ return Objects.hash(orderId, productId);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String toString() {
+ return "ProductRemovedEvent{" +
+ "orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
+ ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
+ '}';
+ }
+}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/exceptions/DuplicateOrderLineException.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/exceptions/DuplicateOrderLineException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c8a62a6cf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/exceptions/DuplicateOrderLineException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.exceptions;
+
+public class DuplicateOrderLineException extends IllegalStateException {
+
+ public DuplicateOrderLineException(String productId) {
+ super("Cannot duplicate order line for product identifier [" + productId + "]");
+ }
+}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/exceptions/OrderAlreadyConfirmedException.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/exceptions/OrderAlreadyConfirmedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a4d1cdaec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/exceptions/OrderAlreadyConfirmedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.exceptions;
+
+public class OrderAlreadyConfirmedException extends IllegalStateException {
+
+ public OrderAlreadyConfirmedException(String orderId) {
+ super("Cannot perform operation because order [" + orderId + "] is already confirmed.");
+ }
+}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/queries/Order.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/queries/Order.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1810a053d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/queries/Order.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.queries;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class Order {
+
+ private final String orderId;
+ private final Map products;
+ private OrderStatus orderStatus;
+
+ public Order(String orderId) {
+ this.orderId = orderId;
+ this.products = new HashMap<>();
+ orderStatus = OrderStatus.CREATED;
+ }
+
+ public String getOrderId() {
+ return orderId;
+ }
+
+ public Map getProducts() {
+ return products;
+ }
+
+ public OrderStatus getOrderStatus() {
+ return orderStatus;
+ }
+
+ public void addProduct(String productId) {
+ products.putIfAbsent(productId, 1);
+ }
+
+ public void incrementProductInstance(String productId) {
+ products.computeIfPresent(productId, (id, count) -> ++count);
+ }
+
+ public void decrementProductInstance(String productId) {
+ products.computeIfPresent(productId, (id, count) -> --count);
+ }
+
+
+ public void removeProduct(String productId) {
+ products.remove(productId);
+ }
+
+ public void setOrderConfirmed() {
+ this.orderStatus = OrderStatus.CONFIRMED;
+ }
+
+ public void setOrderShipped() {
+ this.orderStatus = OrderStatus.SHIPPED;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean equals(Object o) {
+ if (this == o) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ Order that = (Order) o;
+ return Objects.equals(orderId, that.orderId)
+ && Objects.equals(products, that.products)
+ && orderStatus == that.orderStatus;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int hashCode() {
+ return Objects.hash(orderId, products, orderStatus);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String toString() {
+ return "Order{" +
+ "orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
+ ", products=" + products +
+ ", orderStatus=" + orderStatus +
+ '}';
+ }
+}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/queries/OrderStatus.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/queries/OrderStatus.java
index d215c5fc32..fc5da5d77e 100644
--- a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/queries/OrderStatus.java
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/queries/OrderStatus.java
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@ package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.queries;
public enum OrderStatus {
- PLACED, CONFIRMED, SHIPPED
-
+ CREATED, CONFIRMED, SHIPPED
}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/queries/OrderedProduct.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/queries/OrderedProduct.java
deleted file mode 100644
index d847bb2a98..0000000000
--- a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/coreapi/queries/OrderedProduct.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.queries;
-
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-public class OrderedProduct {
-
- private final String orderId;
- private final String product;
- private OrderStatus orderStatus;
-
- public OrderedProduct(String orderId, String product) {
- this.orderId = orderId;
- this.product = product;
- orderStatus = OrderStatus.PLACED;
- }
-
- public String getOrderId() {
- return orderId;
- }
-
- public String getProduct() {
- return product;
- }
-
- public OrderStatus getOrderStatus() {
- return orderStatus;
- }
-
- public void setOrderConfirmed() {
- this.orderStatus = OrderStatus.CONFIRMED;
- }
-
- public void setOrderShipped() {
- this.orderStatus = OrderStatus.SHIPPED;
- }
-
- @Override
- public int hashCode() {
- return Objects.hash(orderId, product, orderStatus);
- }
-
- @Override
- public boolean equals(Object obj) {
- if (this == obj) {
- return true;
- }
- if (obj == null || getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
- return false;
- }
- final OrderedProduct other = (OrderedProduct) obj;
- return Objects.equals(this.orderId, other.orderId)
- && Objects.equals(this.product, other.product)
- && Objects.equals(this.orderStatus, other.orderStatus);
- }
-
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "OrderedProduct{" +
- "orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
- ", product='" + product + '\'' +
- ", orderStatus=" + orderStatus +
- '}';
- }
-}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/gui/OrderRestEndpoint.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/gui/OrderRestEndpoint.java
index a9f34cc691..11e03bf6a5 100644
--- a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/gui/OrderRestEndpoint.java
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/gui/OrderRestEndpoint.java
@@ -1,20 +1,24 @@
package com.baeldung.axon.gui;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.UUID;
-
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.AddProductCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.ConfirmOrderCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.CreateOrderCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.DecrementProductCountCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.IncrementProductCountCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.ShipOrderCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.queries.FindAllOrderedProductsQuery;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.queries.Order;
import org.axonframework.commandhandling.gateway.CommandGateway;
import org.axonframework.messaging.responsetypes.ResponseTypes;
import org.axonframework.queryhandling.QueryGateway;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.ConfirmOrderCommand;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.PlaceOrderCommand;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.ShipOrderCommand;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.queries.FindAllOrderedProductsQuery;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.queries.OrderedProduct;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
@RestController
public class OrderRestEndpoint {
@@ -28,25 +32,63 @@ public class OrderRestEndpoint {
}
@PostMapping("/ship-order")
- public void shipOrder() {
+ public CompletableFuture shipOrder() {
String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
- commandGateway.send(new PlaceOrderCommand(orderId, "Deluxe Chair"));
- commandGateway.send(new ConfirmOrderCommand(orderId));
- commandGateway.send(new ShipOrderCommand(orderId));
+ return commandGateway.send(new CreateOrderCommand(orderId))
+ .thenCompose(result -> commandGateway.send(new AddProductCommand(orderId, "Deluxe Chair")))
+ .thenCompose(result -> commandGateway.send(new ConfirmOrderCommand(orderId)))
+ .thenCompose(result -> commandGateway.send(new ShipOrderCommand(orderId)));
}
@PostMapping("/ship-unconfirmed-order")
- public void shipUnconfirmedOrder() {
+ public CompletableFuture shipUnconfirmedOrder() {
String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
- commandGateway.send(new PlaceOrderCommand(orderId, "Deluxe Chair"));
- // This throws an exception, as an Order cannot be shipped if it has not been confirmed yet.
- commandGateway.send(new ShipOrderCommand(orderId));
+ return commandGateway.send(new CreateOrderCommand(orderId))
+ .thenCompose(result -> commandGateway.send(new AddProductCommand(orderId, "Deluxe Chair")))
+ // This throws an exception, as an Order cannot be shipped if it has not been confirmed yet.
+ .thenCompose(result -> commandGateway.send(new ShipOrderCommand(orderId)));
+ }
+
+ @PostMapping("/order")
+ public CompletableFuture createOrder() {
+ return createOrder(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+ }
+
+ @PostMapping("/order/{order-id}")
+ public CompletableFuture createOrder(@PathVariable("order-id") String orderId) {
+ return commandGateway.send(new CreateOrderCommand(orderId));
+ }
+
+ @PostMapping("/order/{order-id}/product/{product-id}")
+ public CompletableFuture addProduct(@PathVariable("order-id") String orderId,
+ @PathVariable("product-id") String productId) {
+ return commandGateway.send(new AddProductCommand(orderId, productId));
+ }
+
+ @PostMapping("/order/{order-id}/product/{product-id}/increment")
+ public CompletableFuture incrementProduct(@PathVariable("order-id") String orderId,
+ @PathVariable("product-id") String productId) {
+ return commandGateway.send(new IncrementProductCountCommand(orderId, productId));
+ }
+
+ @PostMapping("/order/{order-id}/product/{product-id}/decrement")
+ public CompletableFuture decrementProduct(@PathVariable("order-id") String orderId,
+ @PathVariable("product-id") String productId) {
+ return commandGateway.send(new DecrementProductCountCommand(orderId, productId));
+ }
+
+ @PostMapping("/order/{order-id}/confirm")
+ public CompletableFuture confirmOrder(@PathVariable("order-id") String orderId) {
+ return commandGateway.send(new ConfirmOrderCommand(orderId));
+ }
+
+ @PostMapping("/order/{order-id}/ship")
+ public CompletableFuture shipOrder(@PathVariable("order-id") String orderId) {
+ return commandGateway.send(new ShipOrderCommand(orderId));
}
@GetMapping("/all-orders")
- public List findAllOrderedProducts() {
- return queryGateway.query(new FindAllOrderedProductsQuery(), ResponseTypes.multipleInstancesOf(OrderedProduct.class))
- .join();
+ public CompletableFuture> findAllOrders() {
+ return queryGateway.query(new FindAllOrderedProductsQuery(), ResponseTypes.multipleInstancesOf(Order.class));
}
-
}
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/querymodel/OrderedProductsEventHandler.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/querymodel/OrderedProductsEventHandler.java
deleted file mode 100644
index a37f0111ed..0000000000
--- a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/querymodel/OrderedProductsEventHandler.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.axon.querymodel;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-
-import org.axonframework.config.ProcessingGroup;
-import org.axonframework.eventhandling.EventHandler;
-import org.axonframework.queryhandling.QueryHandler;
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
-
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderConfirmedEvent;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderPlacedEvent;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderShippedEvent;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.queries.FindAllOrderedProductsQuery;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.queries.OrderedProduct;
-
-@Service
-@ProcessingGroup("ordered-products")
-public class OrderedProductsEventHandler {
-
- private final Map orderedProducts = new HashMap<>();
-
- @EventHandler
- public void on(OrderPlacedEvent event) {
- String orderId = event.getOrderId();
- orderedProducts.put(orderId, new OrderedProduct(orderId, event.getProduct()));
- }
-
- @EventHandler
- public void on(OrderConfirmedEvent event) {
- orderedProducts.computeIfPresent(event.getOrderId(), (orderId, orderedProduct) -> {
- orderedProduct.setOrderConfirmed();
- return orderedProduct;
- });
- }
-
- @EventHandler
- public void on(OrderShippedEvent event) {
- orderedProducts.computeIfPresent(event.getOrderId(), (orderId, orderedProduct) -> {
- orderedProduct.setOrderShipped();
- return orderedProduct;
- });
- }
-
- @QueryHandler
- public List handle(FindAllOrderedProductsQuery query) {
- return new ArrayList<>(orderedProducts.values());
- }
-
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/querymodel/OrdersEventHandler.java b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/querymodel/OrdersEventHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25666b0bf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/axon/src/main/java/com/baeldung/axon/querymodel/OrdersEventHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package com.baeldung.axon.querymodel;
+
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderConfirmedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderCreatedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderShippedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.ProductAddedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.ProductCountDecrementedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.ProductCountIncrementedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.ProductRemovedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.queries.FindAllOrderedProductsQuery;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.queries.Order;
+import org.axonframework.config.ProcessingGroup;
+import org.axonframework.eventhandling.EventHandler;
+import org.axonframework.queryhandling.QueryHandler;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@Service
+@ProcessingGroup("orders")
+public class OrdersEventHandler {
+
+ private final Map orders = new HashMap<>();
+
+ @EventHandler
+ public void on(OrderCreatedEvent event) {
+ String orderId = event.getOrderId();
+ orders.put(orderId, new Order(orderId));
+ }
+
+ @EventHandler
+ public void on(ProductAddedEvent event) {
+ orders.computeIfPresent(event.getOrderId(), (orderId, order) -> {
+ order.addProduct(event.getProductId());
+ return order;
+ });
+ }
+
+ @EventHandler
+ public void on(ProductCountIncrementedEvent event) {
+ orders.computeIfPresent(event.getOrderId(), (orderId, order) -> {
+ order.incrementProductInstance(event.getProductId());
+ return order;
+ });
+ }
+
+ @EventHandler
+ public void on(ProductCountDecrementedEvent event) {
+ orders.computeIfPresent(event.getOrderId(), (orderId, order) -> {
+ order.decrementProductInstance(event.getProductId());
+ return order;
+ });
+ }
+
+ @EventHandler
+ public void on(ProductRemovedEvent event) {
+ orders.computeIfPresent(event.getOrderId(), (orderId, order) -> {
+ order.removeProduct(event.getProductId());
+ return order;
+ });
+ }
+
+ @EventHandler
+ public void on(OrderConfirmedEvent event) {
+ orders.computeIfPresent(event.getOrderId(), (orderId, order) -> {
+ order.setOrderConfirmed();
+ return order;
+ });
+ }
+
+ @EventHandler
+ public void on(OrderShippedEvent event) {
+ orders.computeIfPresent(event.getOrderId(), (orderId, order) -> {
+ order.setOrderShipped();
+ return order;
+ });
+ }
+
+ @QueryHandler
+ public List handle(FindAllOrderedProductsQuery query) {
+ return new ArrayList<>(orders.values());
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/axon/src/main/resources/order-api.http b/axon/src/main/resources/order-api.http
index a3c69c72bc..6c06c48989 100644
--- a/axon/src/main/resources/order-api.http
+++ b/axon/src/main/resources/order-api.http
@@ -1,11 +1,37 @@
+### Create Order, Add Product, Confirm and Ship Order
+
POST http://localhost:8080/ship-order
-###
+### Create Order, Add Product and Ship Order
POST http://localhost:8080/ship-unconfirmed-order
-###
+### Retrieve all existing Orders
GET http://localhost:8080/all-orders
+### Create Order with id 666a1661-474d-4046-8b12-8b5896312768
+
+POST http://localhost:8080/order/666a1661-474d-4046-8b12-8b5896312768
+
+### Add Product a6aa01eb-4e38-4dfb-b53b-b5b82961fbf3 to Order 666a1661-474d-4046-8b12-8b5896312768
+
+POST http://localhost:8080/order/666a1661-474d-4046-8b12-8b5896312768/product/a6aa01eb-4e38-4dfb-b53b-b5b82961fbf3
+
+### Increment Product a6aa01eb-4e38-4dfb-b53b-b5b82961fbf3 to Order 666a1661-474d-4046-8b12-8b5896312768
+
+POST http://localhost:8080/order/666a1661-474d-4046-8b12-8b5896312768/product/a6aa01eb-4e38-4dfb-b53b-b5b82961fbf3/increment
+
+### Decrement Product a6aa01eb-4e38-4dfb-b53b-b5b82961fbf3 to Order 666a1661-474d-4046-8b12-8b5896312768
+
+POST http://localhost:8080/order/666a1661-474d-4046-8b12-8b5896312768/product/a6aa01eb-4e38-4dfb-b53b-b5b82961fbf3/decrement
+
+### Confirm Order 666a1661-474d-4046-8b12-8b5896312768
+
+POST http://localhost:8080/order/666a1661-474d-4046-8b12-8b5896312768/confirm
+
+### Ship Order 666a1661-474d-4046-8b12-8b5896312768
+
+POST http://localhost:8080/order/666a1661-474d-4046-8b12-8b5896312768/ship
+
###
diff --git a/axon/src/test/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/OrderAggregateUnitTest.java b/axon/src/test/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/OrderAggregateUnitTest.java
index aaefe49fb1..c1d6bdccc2 100644
--- a/axon/src/test/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/OrderAggregateUnitTest.java
+++ b/axon/src/test/java/com/baeldung/axon/commandmodel/OrderAggregateUnitTest.java
@@ -1,62 +1,139 @@
package com.baeldung.axon.commandmodel;
-import java.util.UUID;
-
+import com.baeldung.axon.commandmodel.order.OrderAggregate;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.AddProductCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.ConfirmOrderCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.CreateOrderCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.DecrementProductCountCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.IncrementProductCountCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.ShipOrderCommand;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderConfirmedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderCreatedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderShippedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.ProductAddedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.ProductCountDecrementedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.ProductCountIncrementedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.ProductRemovedEvent;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.exceptions.DuplicateOrderLineException;
+import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.exceptions.OrderAlreadyConfirmedException;
import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.exceptions.UnconfirmedOrderException;
import org.axonframework.test.aggregate.AggregateTestFixture;
import org.axonframework.test.aggregate.FixtureConfiguration;
-import org.junit.*;
+import org.axonframework.test.matchers.Matchers;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.ConfirmOrderCommand;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.PlaceOrderCommand;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.commands.ShipOrderCommand;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderConfirmedEvent;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderPlacedEvent;
-import com.baeldung.axon.coreapi.events.OrderShippedEvent;
+import java.util.UUID;
-public class OrderAggregateUnitTest {
+class OrderAggregateUnitTest {
+
+ private static final String ORDER_ID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+ private static final String PRODUCT_ID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
private FixtureConfiguration fixture;
- @Before
- public void setUp() {
+ @BeforeEach
+ void setUp() {
fixture = new AggregateTestFixture<>(OrderAggregate.class);
}
@Test
- public void giveNoPriorActivity_whenPlaceOrderCommand_thenShouldPublishOrderPlacedEvent() {
- String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
- String product = "Deluxe Chair";
+ void giveNoPriorActivity_whenCreateOrderCommand_thenShouldPublishOrderCreatedEvent() {
fixture.givenNoPriorActivity()
- .when(new PlaceOrderCommand(orderId, product))
- .expectEvents(new OrderPlacedEvent(orderId, product));
+ .when(new CreateOrderCommand(ORDER_ID))
+ .expectEvents(new OrderCreatedEvent(ORDER_ID));
}
@Test
- public void givenOrderPlacedEvent_whenConfirmOrderCommand_thenShouldPublishOrderConfirmedEvent() {
- String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
- String product = "Deluxe Chair";
- fixture.given(new OrderPlacedEvent(orderId, product))
- .when(new ConfirmOrderCommand(orderId))
- .expectEvents(new OrderConfirmedEvent(orderId));
+ void givenOrderCreatedEvent_whenAddProductCommand_thenShouldPublishProductAddedEvent() {
+ fixture.given(new OrderCreatedEvent(ORDER_ID))
+ .when(new AddProductCommand(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID))
+ .expectEvents(new ProductAddedEvent(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID));
}
@Test
- public void givenOrderPlacedEvent_whenShipOrderCommand_thenShouldThrowUnconfirmedOrderException() {
- String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
- String product = "Deluxe Chair";
- fixture.given(new OrderPlacedEvent(orderId, product))
- .when(new ShipOrderCommand(orderId))
+ void givenOrderCreatedEventAndProductAddedEvent_whenAddProductCommandForSameProductId_thenShouldThrowDuplicateOrderLineException() {
+ fixture.given(new OrderCreatedEvent(ORDER_ID), new ProductAddedEvent(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID))
+ .when(new AddProductCommand(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID))
+ .expectException(DuplicateOrderLineException.class)
+ .expectExceptionMessage(Matchers.predicate(message -> ((String) message).contains(PRODUCT_ID)));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenOrderCreatedEventAndProductAddedEvent_whenIncrementProductCountCommand_thenShouldPublishProductCountIncrementedEvent() {
+ fixture.given(new OrderCreatedEvent(ORDER_ID), new ProductAddedEvent(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID))
+ .when(new IncrementProductCountCommand(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID))
+ .expectEvents(new ProductCountIncrementedEvent(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenOrderCreatedEventProductAddedEventAndProductCountIncrementedEvent_whenDecrementProductCountCommand_thenShouldPublishProductCountDecrementedEvent() {
+ fixture.given(new OrderCreatedEvent(ORDER_ID),
+ new ProductAddedEvent(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID),
+ new ProductCountIncrementedEvent(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID))
+ .when(new DecrementProductCountCommand(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID))
+ .expectEvents(new ProductCountDecrementedEvent(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenOrderCreatedEventAndProductAddedEvent_whenDecrementProductCountCommand_thenShouldPublishProductRemovedEvent() {
+ fixture.given(new OrderCreatedEvent(ORDER_ID), new ProductAddedEvent(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID))
+ .when(new DecrementProductCountCommand(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID))
+ .expectEvents(new ProductRemovedEvent(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenOrderCreatedEvent_whenConfirmOrderCommand_thenShouldPublishOrderConfirmedEvent() {
+ fixture.given(new OrderCreatedEvent(ORDER_ID))
+ .when(new ConfirmOrderCommand(ORDER_ID))
+ .expectEvents(new OrderConfirmedEvent(ORDER_ID));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenOrderCreatedEventAndOrderConfirmedEvent_whenConfirmOrderCommand_thenExpectNoEvents() {
+ fixture.given(new OrderCreatedEvent(ORDER_ID), new OrderConfirmedEvent(ORDER_ID))
+ .when(new ConfirmOrderCommand(ORDER_ID))
+ .expectNoEvents();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenOrderCreatedEvent_whenShipOrderCommand_thenShouldThrowUnconfirmedOrderException() {
+ fixture.given(new OrderCreatedEvent(ORDER_ID))
+ .when(new ShipOrderCommand(ORDER_ID))
.expectException(UnconfirmedOrderException.class);
}
@Test
- public void givenOrderPlacedEventAndOrderConfirmedEvent_whenShipOrderCommand_thenShouldPublishOrderShippedEvent() {
- String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
- String product = "Deluxe Chair";
- fixture.given(new OrderPlacedEvent(orderId, product), new OrderConfirmedEvent(orderId))
- .when(new ShipOrderCommand(orderId))
- .expectEvents(new OrderShippedEvent(orderId));
+ void givenOrderCreatedEventAndOrderConfirmedEvent_whenShipOrderCommand_thenShouldPublishOrderShippedEvent() {
+ fixture.given(new OrderCreatedEvent(ORDER_ID), new OrderConfirmedEvent(ORDER_ID))
+ .when(new ShipOrderCommand(ORDER_ID))
+ .expectEvents(new OrderShippedEvent(ORDER_ID));
}
+ @Test
+ void givenOrderCreatedEventProductAndOrderConfirmedEvent_whenAddProductCommand_thenShouldThrowOrderAlreadyConfirmedException() {
+ fixture.given(new OrderCreatedEvent(ORDER_ID), new OrderConfirmedEvent(ORDER_ID))
+ .when(new AddProductCommand(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID))
+ .expectException(OrderAlreadyConfirmedException.class)
+ .expectExceptionMessage(Matchers.predicate(message -> ((String) message).contains(ORDER_ID)));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenOrderCreatedEventProductAddedEventAndOrderConfirmedEvent_whenIncrementProductCountCommand_thenShouldThrowOrderAlreadyConfirmedException() {
+ fixture.given(new OrderCreatedEvent(ORDER_ID),
+ new ProductAddedEvent(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID),
+ new OrderConfirmedEvent(ORDER_ID))
+ .when(new IncrementProductCountCommand(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID))
+ .expectException(OrderAlreadyConfirmedException.class)
+ .expectExceptionMessage(Matchers.predicate(message -> ((String) message).contains(ORDER_ID)));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenOrderCreatedEventProductAddedEventAndOrderConfirmedEvent_whenDecrementProductCountCommand_thenShouldThrowOrderAlreadyConfirmedException() {
+ fixture.given(new OrderCreatedEvent(ORDER_ID),
+ new ProductAddedEvent(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID),
+ new OrderConfirmedEvent(ORDER_ID))
+ .when(new DecrementProductCountCommand(ORDER_ID, PRODUCT_ID))
+ .expectException(OrderAlreadyConfirmedException.class)
+ .expectExceptionMessage(Matchers.predicate(message -> ((String) message).contains(ORDER_ID)));
+ }
}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/blade/pom.xml b/blade/pom.xml
index 178d1afb52..458ec40051 100644
--- a/blade/pom.xml
+++ b/blade/pom.xml
@@ -154,7 +154,6 @@
2.0.14.RELEASE4.2.1
- 3.8.11.18.44.5.64.5.6
diff --git a/cdi/pom.xml b/cdi/pom.xml
index fec12a9b16..226ca529e1 100644
--- a/cdi/pom.xml
+++ b/cdi/pom.xml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+ xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
4.0.0cdi1.0-SNAPSHOT
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
com.baeldung
- parent-spring-4
+ parent-spring-50.0.1-SNAPSHOT
- ../parent-spring-4
+ ../parent-spring-5
@@ -26,28 +26,22 @@
weld-se-core${weld-se-core.version}
-
- org.hamcrest
- hamcrest
- ${hamcrest.version}
- test
- org.assertjassertj-core${assertj-core.version}test
-
- org.springframework
- spring-context
- ${spring.version}
- org.aspectjaspectjweaver${aspectjweaver.version}
+
+ org.springframework
+ spring-context
+ ${spring.version}
+ org.springframeworkspring-test
@@ -61,7 +55,6 @@
3.0.5.Final1.9.23.10.0
- 5.1.2.RELEASE
diff --git a/core-groovy-2/pom.xml b/core-groovy-2/pom.xml
index b1bfa19771..207c090615 100644
--- a/core-groovy-2/pom.xml
+++ b/core-groovy-2/pom.xml
@@ -115,7 +115,6 @@
maven-surefire-plugin
- ${surefire.plugin.version}false
@@ -186,7 +185,6 @@
1.2.32.5.73.1.0
- 2.20.13.8.03.3.0-01
diff --git a/core-groovy-collections/pom.xml b/core-groovy-collections/pom.xml
index 125dfca4c1..770bcc57d6 100644
--- a/core-groovy-collections/pom.xml
+++ b/core-groovy-collections/pom.xml
@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@
maven-surefire-plugin
- ${surefire.plugin.version}false
@@ -128,7 +127,6 @@
2.4.01.1-groovy-2.41.6
- 2.20.1
diff --git a/core-groovy-strings/README.md b/core-groovy-strings/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f49f47cf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-groovy-strings/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+### Relevant Articles:
+
+- [How to Remove a Prefix From Strings in Groovy](https://www.baeldung.com/groovy-remove-string-prefix)
diff --git a/core-groovy-strings/pom.xml b/core-groovy-strings/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1144d748ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-groovy-strings/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ core-groovy-strings
+ 1.0-SNAPSHOT
+ core-groovy-strings
+ jar
+
+
+ com.baeldung
+ parent-modules
+ 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
+
+
+
+
+ org.codehaus.groovy
+ groovy
+ ${groovy.version}
+
+
+ org.codehaus.groovy
+ groovy-all
+ ${groovy-all.version}
+ pom
+
+
+ org.codehaus.groovy
+ groovy-dateutil
+ ${groovy.version}
+
+
+ org.codehaus.groovy
+ groovy-sql
+ ${groovy-sql.version}
+
+
+ org.junit.platform
+ junit-platform-runner
+ ${junit.platform.version}
+ test
+
+
+ org.hsqldb
+ hsqldb
+ ${hsqldb.version}
+ test
+
+
+ org.spockframework
+ spock-core
+ ${spock-core.version}
+ test
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.codehaus.gmavenplus
+ gmavenplus-plugin
+ ${gmavenplus-plugin.version}
+
+
+
+ addSources
+ addTestSources
+ compile
+ compileTests
+
+
+
+
+
+ maven-failsafe-plugin
+ ${maven-failsafe-plugin.version}
+
+
+ org.junit.platform
+ junit-platform-surefire-provider
+ ${junit.platform.version}
+
+
+
+
+ junit5
+
+ integration-test
+ verify
+
+
+
+ **/*Test5.java
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central
+ https://jcenter.bintray.com
+
+
+
+
+ 1.0.0
+ 2.5.6
+ 2.5.6
+ 2.5.6
+ 2.4.0
+ 1.1-groovy-2.4
+ 1.6
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-groovy-strings/src/test/groovy/com/baeldung/removeprefix/RemovePrefixTest.groovy b/core-groovy-strings/src/test/groovy/com/baeldung/removeprefix/RemovePrefixTest.groovy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61b81fe1b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-groovy-strings/src/test/groovy/com/baeldung/removeprefix/RemovePrefixTest.groovy
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package com.baeldung.removeprefix
+
+import org.junit.Assert
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class RemovePrefixTest {
+
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenCasePrefixIsRemoved_thenReturnTrue() {
+ def trimPrefix = {
+ it.startsWith('Groovy-') ? it.minus('Groovy-') : it
+ }
+
+ def actual = trimPrefix("Groovy-Tutorials at Baeldung")
+ def expected = "Tutorials at Baeldung"
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(expected, actual)
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenPrefixIsRemoved_thenReturnTrue() {
+
+ String prefix = "groovy-"
+ String trimPrefix = "Groovy-Tutorials at Baeldung"
+ def actual;
+ if(trimPrefix.startsWithIgnoreCase(prefix)) {
+ actual = trimPrefix.substring(prefix.length())
+ }
+
+ def expected = "Tutorials at Baeldung"
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(expected, actual)
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenPrefixIsRemovedUsingRegex_thenReturnTrue() {
+
+ def regex = ~"^([Gg])roovy-"
+ String trimPrefix = "Groovy-Tutorials at Baeldung"
+ String actual = trimPrefix - regex
+
+ def expected = "Tutorials at Baeldung"
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(expected, actual)
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenPrefixIsRemovedUsingReplaceFirst_thenReturnTrue() {
+ def regex = ~"^groovy"
+ String trimPrefix = "groovyTutorials at Baeldung's groovy page"
+ String actual = trimPrefix.replaceFirst(regex, "")
+
+ def expected = "Tutorials at Baeldung's groovy page"
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(expected, actual)
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenPrefixIsRemovedUsingReplaceAll_thenReturnTrue() {
+
+ String trimPrefix = "groovyTutorials at Baeldung groovy"
+ String actual = trimPrefix.replaceAll(/^groovy/, "")
+
+ def expected = "Tutorials at Baeldung groovy"
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(expected, actual)
+ }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-groovy/README.md b/core-groovy/README.md
index f852b3ccf2..70e8d262ce 100644
--- a/core-groovy/README.md
+++ b/core-groovy/README.md
@@ -13,4 +13,5 @@ This module contains articles about core Groovy concepts
- [Converting a String to a Date in Groovy](https://www.baeldung.com/groovy-string-to-date)
- [Guide to I/O in Groovy](https://www.baeldung.com/groovy-io)
- [Convert String to Integer in Groovy](https://www.baeldung.com/groovy-convert-string-to-integer)
+- [Groovy Variable Scope](https://www.baeldung.com/groovy/variable-scope)
- [[More -->]](/core-groovy-2)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-10/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-10/README.md
index 2b57ec9064..9a110449bc 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-10/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-10/README.md
@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ This module contains articles about Java 10 core features
### Relevant Articles:
- [Java 10 LocalVariable Type-Inference](http://www.baeldung.com/java-10-local-variable-type-inference)
-- [Guide to Java 10](http://www.baeldung.com/java-10-overview)
+- [New Features in Java 10](https://www.baeldung.com/java-10-overview)
- [Copy a List to Another List in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-copy-list-to-another)
- [Deep Dive Into the New Java JIT Compiler – Graal](https://www.baeldung.com/graal-java-jit-compiler)
- [Copying Sets in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-copy-sets)
+- [Converting between a List and a Set in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/convert-list-to-set-and-set-to-list)
+- [Java IndexOutOfBoundsException “Source Does Not Fit in Dest”](https://www.baeldung.com/java-indexoutofboundsexception)
+- [Collect a Java Stream to an Immutable Collection](https://www.baeldung.com/java-stream-immutable-collection)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-10/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-10/pom.xml
index a9b991852f..b293eb6c2f 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-10/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-10/pom.xml
@@ -1,22 +1,29 @@
+ xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+ xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
4.0.0core-java-100.1.0-SNAPSHOTcore-java-10jar
- http://maven.apache.org
- com.baeldung
- parent-modules
- 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
- ../../
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ core-java-modules
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+ ../
+
+
+ org.apache.commons
+ commons-collections4
+ ${commons-collections4.version}
+
+
+
@@ -34,6 +41,7 @@
1010
+ 4.1
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/AppTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/AppTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index c9f61455bd..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/AppTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung;
-
-import junit.framework.Test;
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-import junit.framework.TestSuite;
-
-/**
- * Unit test for simple App.
- */
-public class AppTest
- extends TestCase
-{
- /**
- * Create the test case
- *
- * @param testName name of the test case
- */
- public AppTest( String testName )
- {
- super( testName );
- }
-
- /**
- * @return the suite of tests being tested
- */
- public static Test suite()
- {
- return new TestSuite( AppTest.class );
- }
-
- /**
- * Rigourous Test :-)
- */
- public void testApp()
- {
- assertTrue( true );
- }
-}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/AppUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/AppUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..73eb8e661a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/AppUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.baeldung;
+
+import junit.framework.Test;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import junit.framework.TestSuite;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for simple App.
+ */
+public class AppUnitTest
+ extends TestCase
+{
+ /**
+ * Create the test case
+ *
+ * @param testName name of the test case
+ */
+ public AppUnitTest(String testName )
+ {
+ super( testName );
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * @return the suite of tests being tested
+ */
+ public static Test suite()
+ {
+ return new TestSuite( AppUnitTest.class );
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Rigourous Test :-)
+ */
+ public void testApp()
+ {
+ assertTrue( true );
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java10/collections/conversion/ListSetConversionUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java10/collections/conversion/ListSetConversionUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1526d1ae7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java10/collections/conversion/ListSetConversionUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package com.baeldung.java10.collections.conversion;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public class ListSetConversionUnitTest {
+
+ // Set -> List; List -> Set
+
+ @Test
+ public final void givenUsingCoreJava_whenSetConvertedToList_thenCorrect() {
+ final Set sourceSet = Sets.newHashSet(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+ final List targetList = new ArrayList<>(sourceSet);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public final void givenUsingCoreJava_whenListConvertedToSet_thenCorrect() {
+ final List sourceList = Lists.newArrayList(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+ final Set targetSet = new HashSet<>(sourceList);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUsingJava10_whenSetConvertedToList_thenCorrect() {
+ final Set sourceSet = Sets.newHashSet(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+ final List targetList = List.copyOf(sourceSet);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUsingJava10_whenListConvertedToSet_thenCorrect() {
+ final List sourceList = Lists.newArrayList(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+ final Set targetSet = Set.copyOf(sourceList);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public final void givenUsingGuava_whenSetConvertedToList_thenCorrect() {
+ final Set sourceSet = Sets.newHashSet(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+ final List targetList = Lists.newArrayList(sourceSet);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public final void givenUsingGuava_whenListConvertedToSet_thenCorrect() {
+ final List sourceList = Lists.newArrayList(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+ final Set targetSet = Sets.newHashSet(sourceList);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public final void givenUsingCommonsCollections_whenListConvertedToSet_thenCorrect() {
+ final List sourceList = Lists.newArrayList(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+
+ final Set targetSet = new HashSet<>(6);
+ CollectionUtils.addAll(targetSet, sourceList);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public final void givenUsingCommonsCollections_whenSetConvertedToList_thenCorrect() {
+ final Set sourceSet = Sets.newHashSet(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+
+ final List targetList = new ArrayList<>(6);
+ CollectionUtils.addAll(targetList, sourceSet);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java10/list/CopyListServiceUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java10/list/CopyListServiceUnitTest.java
index f529e219a6..0b70516146 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java10/list/CopyListServiceUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java10/list/CopyListServiceUnitTest.java
@@ -10,5 +10,6 @@ public class CopyListServiceUnitTest {
@Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
public void whenModifyCopyOfList_thenThrowsException() {
List copyList = List.copyOf(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4));
+ copyList.add(4);
}
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java10/streams/StreamToImmutableJava10UnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java10/streams/StreamToImmutableJava10UnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b1ef54fd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-10/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java10/streams/StreamToImmutableJava10UnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.java10.streams;
+
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toUnmodifiableList;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class StreamToImmutableJava10UnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenUsingCollectorsToUnmodifiableList_thenSuccess() {
+ List givenList = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
+ List result = givenList.stream()
+ .collect(toUnmodifiableList());
+
+ System.out.println(result.getClass());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c87936b07d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+## Core Java 11
+
+This module contains articles about Java 11 core features
+
+### Relevant articles
+- [Guide to Java 8 Optional](https://www.baeldung.com/java-optional)
+- [Guide to Java Reflection](http://www.baeldung.com/java-reflection)
+- [Guide to Java 8’s Collectors](https://www.baeldung.com/java-8-collectors)
+- [New Features in Java 11](https://www.baeldung.com/java-11-new-features)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b92963a5c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ core-java-11-2
+ 0.1.0-SNAPSHOT
+ core-java-11-2
+ jar
+
+
+ com.baeldung
+ parent-modules
+ 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
+ ../..
+
+
+
+
+ com.google.guava
+ guava
+ ${guava.version}
+
+
+ org.assertj
+ assertj-core
+ ${assertj.version}
+ test
+
+
+ org.mock-server
+ mockserver-junit-jupiter
+ ${mockserver.version}
+
+
+ org.junit.jupiter
+ junit-jupiter-engine
+ ${junit.jupiter.version}
+ test
+
+
+ org.junit.jupiter
+ junit-jupiter-params
+ ${junit.jupiter.version}
+ test
+
+
+ org.junit.jupiter
+ junit-jupiter-api
+ ${junit.jupiter.version}
+ test
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.plugins
+ maven-compiler-plugin
+ ${maven-compiler-plugin.version}
+
+ ${maven.compiler.source.version}
+ ${maven.compiler.target.version}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 11
+ 11
+ 29.0-jre
+ 5.7.0
+ 3.17.2
+ 5.11.1
+
+
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/features/MainClass.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/features/MainClass.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b00c56fcd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/features/MainClass.java
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.features;
+
+public class MainClass {
+
+ private static boolean mainPrivateMethod() {
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ public static class NestedClass {
+
+ boolean nestedPublicMethod() {
+ return mainPrivateMethod();
+ }
+
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-optional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/optional/Modem.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/optional/Modem.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-optional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/optional/Modem.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/optional/Modem.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-optional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/optional/Person.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/optional/Person.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-optional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/optional/Person.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/optional/Person.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Animal.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Animal.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..364246ae64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Animal.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
+
+public abstract class Animal implements Eating {
+
+ public static final String CATEGORY = "domestic";
+
+ private String name;
+
+ public Animal(String name) {
+ this.name = name;
+ }
+
+ public String getName() {
+ return name;
+ }
+
+ public void setName(String name) {
+ this.name = name;
+ }
+
+ protected abstract String getSound();
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/Bird.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Bird.java
similarity index 93%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/Bird.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Bird.java
index bd6f13094c..f5bb0f9b19 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/Bird.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Bird.java
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
public class Bird extends Animal {
private boolean walks;
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/DynamicGreeter.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/DynamicGreeter.java
similarity index 91%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/DynamicGreeter.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/DynamicGreeter.java
index 3776ef82e2..b7ff083daf 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/DynamicGreeter.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/DynamicGreeter.java
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Eating.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Eating.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c959becf00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Eating.java
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
+
+public interface Eating {
+ String eats();
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/Goat.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Goat.java
similarity index 90%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/Goat.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Goat.java
index 503717ae5e..086d09d543 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/Goat.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Goat.java
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
public class Goat extends Animal implements Locomotion {
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/Greeter.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Greeter.java
similarity index 83%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/Greeter.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Greeter.java
index 57aefdd169..d06a719312 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/Greeter.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Greeter.java
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/GreetingAnnotation.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/GreetingAnnotation.java
similarity index 98%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/GreetingAnnotation.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/GreetingAnnotation.java
index 601306f5d2..f23c407c52 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/GreetingAnnotation.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/GreetingAnnotation.java
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Greetings.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Greetings.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc6dfe949b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Greetings.java
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
+
+@Greeter(greet="Good morning")
+public class Greetings {
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Locomotion.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Locomotion.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..230fd9a466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Locomotion.java
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
+
+public interface Locomotion {
+ String getLocomotion();
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/Operations.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Operations.java
similarity index 90%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/Operations.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Operations.java
index da4b479b02..5264378524 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/Operations.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Operations.java
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
public class Operations {
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Person.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Person.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a1fafef93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/reflection/Person.java
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
+
+public class Person {
+ private String name;
+ private int age;
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-streams-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/streams/collectors/Java8CollectorsUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collectors/Java8CollectorsUnitTest.java
similarity index 87%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-streams-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/streams/collectors/Java8CollectorsUnitTest.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collectors/Java8CollectorsUnitTest.java
index 6afc9f4182..7990b1fdb7 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-streams-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/streams/collectors/Java8CollectorsUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collectors/Java8CollectorsUnitTest.java
@@ -1,18 +1,11 @@
-package com.baeldung.streams.collectors;
+package com.baeldung.collectors;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import org.junit.Test;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Comparator;
-import java.util.DoubleSummaryStatistics;
-import java.util.LinkedList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
import java.util.function.BinaryOperator;
import java.util.function.Function;
@@ -20,19 +13,7 @@ import java.util.function.Supplier;
import java.util.stream.Collector;
import static com.google.common.collect.Sets.newHashSet;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.averagingDouble;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.collectingAndThen;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.counting;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.groupingBy;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.joining;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.maxBy;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.partitioningBy;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.summarizingDouble;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.summingDouble;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toCollection;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toMap;
-import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toSet;
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.*;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
@@ -48,6 +29,14 @@ public class Java8CollectorsUnitTest {
assertThat(result).containsAll(givenList);
}
+ @Test
+ public void whenCollectingToUnmodifiableList_shouldCollectToUnmodifiableList() {
+ final List result = givenList.stream().collect(toUnmodifiableList());
+
+ assertThatThrownBy(() -> result.add("foo"))
+ .isInstanceOf(UnsupportedOperationException.class);
+ }
+
@Test
public void whenCollectingToSet_shouldCollectToSet() throws Exception {
final Set result = givenList.stream().collect(toSet());
@@ -55,6 +44,14 @@ public class Java8CollectorsUnitTest {
assertThat(result).containsAll(givenList);
}
+ @Test
+ public void whenCollectingToUnmodifiableSet_shouldCollectToUnmodifiableSet() {
+ final Set result = givenList.stream().collect(toUnmodifiableSet());
+
+ assertThatThrownBy(() -> result.add("foo"))
+ .isInstanceOf(UnsupportedOperationException.class);
+ }
+
@Test
public void givenContainsDuplicateElements_whenCollectingToSet_shouldAddDuplicateElementsOnlyOnce() throws Exception {
final Set result = listWithDuplicates.stream().collect(toSet());
@@ -84,6 +81,15 @@ public class Java8CollectorsUnitTest {
assertThat(result).containsEntry("a", 1).containsEntry("bb", 2).containsEntry("ccc", 3).containsEntry("dd", 2);
}
+ @Test
+ public void whenCollectingToUnmodifiableMap_shouldCollectToUnmodifiableMap() {
+ final Map result = givenList.stream()
+ .collect(toUnmodifiableMap(Function.identity(), String::length));
+
+ assertThatThrownBy(() -> result.put("foo", 3))
+ .isInstanceOf(UnsupportedOperationException.class);
+ }
+
@Test
public void whenCollectingToMapwWithDuplicates_shouldCollectToMapMergingTheIdenticalItems() throws Exception {
final Map result = listWithDuplicates.stream().collect(
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/features/HttpClientIntegrationTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/features/HttpClientIntegrationTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d49f5dbd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/features/HttpClientIntegrationTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package com.baeldung.features;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.mockserver.integration.ClientAndServer;
+import org.mockserver.model.HttpStatusCode;
+import org.mockserver.socket.PortFactory;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.http.HttpClient;
+import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
+import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
+import java.time.Duration;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.mockserver.integration.ClientAndServer.startClientAndServer;
+
+class HttpClientIntegrationTest {
+
+ private static ClientAndServer mockServer;
+ private static int port;
+
+ @BeforeAll
+ static void startServer() {
+ port = PortFactory.findFreePort();
+ mockServer = startClientAndServer(port);
+ mockServer.when(new org.mockserver.model.HttpRequest().withMethod("GET"))
+ .respond(new org.mockserver.model.HttpResponse()
+ .withStatusCode(HttpStatusCode.OK_200.code())
+ .withBody("Hello from the server!"));
+ }
+
+ @AfterAll
+ static void stopServer() {
+ mockServer.stop();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenSampleHttpRequest_whenRequestIsSent_thenServerResponseIsReceived() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+ HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+ .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2)
+ .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(20))
+ .build();
+ HttpRequest httpRequest = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+ .GET()
+ .uri(URI.create("http://localhost:" + port))
+ .build();
+ HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.send(httpRequest, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
+ assertThat(httpResponse.body()).isEqualTo("Hello from the server!");
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/features/JavaElevenFeaturesUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/features/JavaElevenFeaturesUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61ce9c7c13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/features/JavaElevenFeaturesUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package com.baeldung.features;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+class JavaElevenFeaturesUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void givenMultilineString_whenExtractingNonBlankStrippedLines_thenLinesAreReturned() {
+ String multilineString = "Baeldung helps \n \n developers \n explore Java.";
+ List lines = multilineString.lines()
+ .filter(line -> !line.isBlank())
+ .map(String::strip)
+ .collect(Collectors.toList());
+ assertThat(lines).containsExactly("Baeldung helps", "developers", "explore Java.");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenTemporaryFile_whenReadingStringContent_thenContentIsReturned(@TempDir Path tempDir) throws IOException {
+ Path filePath = Files.writeString(Files.createTempFile(tempDir, "demo", ".txt"), "Sample text");
+ String fileContent = Files.readString(filePath);
+ assertThat(fileContent).isEqualTo("Sample text");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenSampleList_whenConvertingToArray_thenItemsRemainUnchanged() {
+ List sampleList = Arrays.asList("Java", "Kotlin");
+ String[] sampleArray = sampleList.toArray(String[]::new);
+ assertThat(sampleArray).containsExactly("Java", "Kotlin");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenSampleList_whenConvertingToUppercaseString_thenUppercaseIsReturned() {
+ List sampleList = Arrays.asList("Java", "Kotlin");
+ String resultString = sampleList.stream()
+ .map((@Nonnull var x) -> x.toUpperCase())
+ .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
+ assertThat(resultString).isEqualTo("JAVA, KOTLIN");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenSampleList_whenExtractingNonBlankValues_thenOnlyNonBlanksAreReturned() {
+ List sampleList = Arrays.asList("Java", "\n \n", "Kotlin", " ");
+ List withoutBlanks = sampleList.stream()
+ .filter(Predicate.not(String::isBlank))
+ .collect(Collectors.toList());
+ assertThat(withoutBlanks).containsExactly("Java", "Kotlin");
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/features/NestedClassesUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/features/NestedClassesUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..902ad9c6f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/features/NestedClassesUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package com.baeldung.features;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+class NestedClassesUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void giveNestedClass_whenCallingMainClassPrivateMethod_thenNoExceptionIsThrown() {
+ MainClass.NestedClass nestedInstance = new MainClass.NestedClass();
+ assertThat(nestedInstance.nestedPublicMethod()).isTrue();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void giveNestedClass_whenCheckingNestmate_thenNestedClassIsReturned() {
+ assertThat(MainClass.class.isNestmateOf(MainClass.NestedClass.class)).isTrue();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void giveNestedClass_whenCheckingNestHost_thenMainClassIsReturned() {
+ assertThat(MainClass.NestedClass.class.getNestHost()).isEqualTo(MainClass.class);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void giveNestedClass_whenCheckingNestMembers_thenNestMembersAreReturned() {
+ Set nestedMembers = Arrays.stream(MainClass.NestedClass.class.getNestMembers())
+ .map(Class::getName)
+ .collect(Collectors.toSet());
+ assertThat(nestedMembers).contains(MainClass.class.getName(), MainClass.NestedClass.class.getName());
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-optional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalChainingUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalChainingUnitTest.java
similarity index 96%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-optional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalChainingUnitTest.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalChainingUnitTest.java
index 9ef156501b..65b9e22f44 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-optional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalChainingUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalChainingUnitTest.java
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
public class OptionalChainingUnitTest {
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-optional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalUnitTest.java
similarity index 96%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-optional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalUnitTest.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalUnitTest.java
index de16e9b635..1b0a2d4445 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-optional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/optional/OptionalUnitTest.java
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ import java.util.List;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Optional;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
public class OptionalUnitTest {
@@ -262,6 +264,12 @@ public class OptionalUnitTest {
.orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
}
+ @Test(expected = NoSuchElementException.class)
+ public void whenNoArgOrElseThrowWorks_thenCorrect() {
+ String nullName = null;
+ String name = Optional.ofNullable(nullName).orElseThrow();
+ }
+
public String getMyDefault() {
LOG.debug("Getting default value...");
return "Default Value";
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/OperationsUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/OperationsUnitTest.java
similarity index 98%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/OperationsUnitTest.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/OperationsUnitTest.java
index 217910bffd..7584d5da94 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/OperationsUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/OperationsUnitTest.java
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/ReflectionUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/ReflectionUnitTest.java
similarity index 77%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/ReflectionUnitTest.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/ReflectionUnitTest.java
index a791d64874..c73fa5f8e0 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-reflection/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/java/reflection/ReflectionUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/reflection/ReflectionUnitTest.java
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.java.reflection;
+package com.baeldung.reflection;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -32,23 +32,23 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
final Class clazz = goat.getClass();
assertEquals("Goat", clazz.getSimpleName());
- assertEquals("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat", clazz.getName());
- assertEquals("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat", clazz.getCanonicalName());
+ assertEquals("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat", clazz.getName());
+ assertEquals("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat", clazz.getCanonicalName());
}
@Test
public void givenClassName_whenCreatesObject_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
- final Class clazz = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat");
+ final Class clazz = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat");
assertEquals("Goat", clazz.getSimpleName());
- assertEquals("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat", clazz.getName());
- assertEquals("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat", clazz.getCanonicalName());
+ assertEquals("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat", clazz.getName());
+ assertEquals("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat", clazz.getCanonicalName());
}
@Test
public void givenClass_whenRecognisesModifiers_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
- final Class goatClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat");
- final Class animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Animal");
+ final Class goatClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat");
+ final Class animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Animal");
final int goatMods = goatClass.getModifiers();
final int animalMods = animalClass.getModifiers();
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
final Class goatClass = goat.getClass();
final Package pkg = goatClass.getPackage();
- assertEquals("com.baeldung.java.reflection", pkg.getName());
+ assertEquals("com.baeldung.reflection", pkg.getName());
}
@Test
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClass_whenGetsImplementedInterfaces_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
- final Class goatClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat");
- final Class animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Animal");
+ final Class goatClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat");
+ final Class animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Animal");
final Class[] goatInterfaces = goatClass.getInterfaces();
final Class[] animalInterfaces = animalClass.getInterfaces();
@@ -94,16 +94,16 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClass_whenGetsConstructor_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
- final Class goatClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat");
+ final Class goatClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat");
final Constructor[] constructors = goatClass.getConstructors();
assertEquals(1, constructors.length);
- assertEquals("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Goat", constructors[0].getName());
+ assertEquals("com.baeldung.reflection.Goat", constructors[0].getName());
}
@Test
public void givenClass_whenGetsFields_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
- final Class animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Animal");
+ final Class animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Animal");
final Field[] fields = animalClass.getDeclaredFields();
final List actualFields = getFieldNames(fields);
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClass_whenGetsMethods_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
- final Class animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Animal");
+ final Class animalClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Animal");
final Method[] methods = animalClass.getDeclaredMethods();
final List actualMethods = getMethodNames(methods);
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClass_whenGetsAllConstructors_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
- final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+ final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
final Constructor[] constructors = birdClass.getConstructors();
assertEquals(3, constructors.length);
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClass_whenGetsEachConstructorByParamTypes_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
- final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+ final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
birdClass.getConstructor();
birdClass.getConstructor(String.class);
birdClass.getConstructor(String.class, boolean.class);
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClass_whenInstantiatesObjectsAtRuntime_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
- final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+ final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
final Constructor cons1 = birdClass.getConstructor();
final Constructor cons2 = birdClass.getConstructor(String.class);
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClass_whenGetsPublicFields_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
- final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+ final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
final Field[] fields = birdClass.getFields();
assertEquals(1, fields.length);
assertEquals("CATEGORY", fields[0].getName());
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClass_whenGetsPublicFieldByName_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
- final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+ final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
final Field field = birdClass.getField("CATEGORY");
assertEquals("CATEGORY", field.getName());
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClass_whenGetsDeclaredFields_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
- final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+ final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
final Field[] fields = birdClass.getDeclaredFields();
assertEquals(1, fields.length);
assertEquals("walks", fields[0].getName());
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClass_whenGetsFieldsByName_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
- final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+ final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
final Field field = birdClass.getDeclaredField("walks");
assertEquals("walks", field.getName());
@@ -192,14 +192,14 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClassField_whenGetsType_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
- final Field field = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird").getDeclaredField("walks");
+ final Field field = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird").getDeclaredField("walks");
final Class fieldClass = field.getType();
assertEquals("boolean", fieldClass.getSimpleName());
}
@Test
public void givenClassField_whenSetsAndGetsValue_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
- final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+ final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
final Bird bird = (Bird) birdClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
final Field field = birdClass.getDeclaredField("walks");
field.setAccessible(true);
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClassField_whenGetsAndSetsWithNull_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
- final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+ final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
final Field field = birdClass.getField("CATEGORY");
field.setAccessible(true);
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClass_whenGetsAllPublicMethods_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
- final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+ final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
final Method[] methods = birdClass.getMethods();
final List methodNames = getMethodNames(methods);
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenClass_whenGetsOnlyDeclaredMethods_thenCorrect() throws ClassNotFoundException {
- final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+ final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
final List actualMethodNames = getMethodNames(birdClass.getDeclaredMethods());
final List expectedMethodNames = Arrays.asList("setWalks", "walks", "getSound", "eats");
@@ -248,24 +248,17 @@ public class ReflectionUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenMethodName_whenGetsMethod_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
- final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
- final Method walksMethod = birdClass.getDeclaredMethod("walks");
- final Method setWalksMethod = birdClass.getDeclaredMethod("setWalks", boolean.class);
-
- assertFalse(walksMethod.isAccessible());
- assertFalse(setWalksMethod.isAccessible());
-
- walksMethod.setAccessible(true);
- setWalksMethod.setAccessible(true);
-
- assertTrue(walksMethod.isAccessible());
- assertTrue(setWalksMethod.isAccessible());
+ final Bird bird = new Bird();
+ final Method walksMethod = bird.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("walks");
+ final Method setWalksMethod = bird.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("setWalks", boolean.class);
+ assertTrue(walksMethod.canAccess(bird));
+ assertTrue(setWalksMethod.canAccess(bird));
}
@Test
public void givenMethod_whenInvokes_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
- final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.java.reflection.Bird");
+ final Class birdClass = Class.forName("com.baeldung.reflection.Bird");
final Bird bird = (Bird) birdClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
final Method setWalksMethod = birdClass.getDeclaredMethod("setWalks", boolean.class);
final Method walksMethod = birdClass.getDeclaredMethod("walks");
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-11/README.md
index 70e2e66737..a3601c8339 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-11/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11/README.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This module contains articles about Java 11 core features
- [Java 11 Local Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters](https://www.baeldung.com/java-var-lambda-params)
- [Java 11 String API Additions](https://www.baeldung.com/java-11-string-api)
- [Java 11 Nest Based Access Control](https://www.baeldung.com/java-nest-based-access-control)
-- [Exploring the New HTTP Client in Java 9 and 11](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-http-client)
+- [Exploring the New HTTP Client in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-http-client)
- [An Introduction to Epsilon GC: A No-Op Experimental Garbage Collector](https://www.baeldung.com/jvm-epsilon-gc-garbage-collector)
- [Guide to jlink](https://www.baeldung.com/jlink)
- [Negate a Predicate Method Reference with Java 11](https://www.baeldung.com/java-negate-predicate-method-reference)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-11/pom.xml
index bbc4219eaa..cdb3aab2c7 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-11/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11/pom.xml
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@
org.openjdk.jmhjmh-core
- ${jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-core.version}org.openjdk.jmhjmh-generator-annprocess
- ${jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-generator.version}provided
@@ -105,9 +105,8 @@
27.1-jre3.11.1benchmarks
- 1.2210.0.0
- 10.0.0
+ 3.2.4
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java11/httpclient/test/HttpClientUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java11/httpclient/test/HttpClientUnitTest.java
index 42f56838c4..2a2540a517 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-11/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java11/httpclient/test/HttpClientUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java11/httpclient/test/HttpClientUnitTest.java
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public class HttpClientUnitTest {
.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertThat(response.statusCode(), equalTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_MOVED_PERM));
- assertThat(response.body(), containsString("https://stackoverflow.com/"));
+ assertTrue(response.headers().map().get("location").stream().anyMatch("https://stackoverflow.com/"::equals));
}
@Test
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-11/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java11/httpclient/test/HttpRequestUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-11/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java11/httpclient/test/HttpRequestUnitTest.java
index b87e6b3c6e..a3a5592cd9 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-11/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java11/httpclient/test/HttpRequestUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-11/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java11/httpclient/test/HttpRequestUnitTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.time.Duration;
import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
public class HttpRequestUnitTest {
@@ -48,7 +49,12 @@ public class HttpRequestUnitTest {
assertThat(response.version(), equalTo(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2));
}
- @Test
+ /*
+ * This test will fail as soon as the given URL returns a HTTP 2 response.
+ * Therefore, let's leave it commented out.
+ * */
+ @Test
+ @Disabled
public void shouldFallbackToHttp1_1WhenWebsiteDoesNotUseHttp2() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(new URI("https://postman-echo.com/get"))
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-12/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-12/README.md
index 6c603e4dea..b509be876c 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-12/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-12/README.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
## Relevant Articles:
-
- [String API Updates in Java 12](https://www.baeldung.com/java12-string-api)
+- [New Features in Java 12](https://www.baeldung.com/java-12-new-features)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/newfeatures/CompactNumbersUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/newfeatures/CompactNumbersUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08a6d58d72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/newfeatures/CompactNumbersUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package java.com.baeldung.newfeatures;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.text.NumberFormat;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class CompactNumbersUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenNumber_thenCompactValues() {
+ NumberFormat likesShort = NumberFormat.getCompactNumberInstance(new Locale("en", "US"), NumberFormat.Style.SHORT);
+ likesShort.setMaximumFractionDigits(2);
+ assertEquals("2.59K", likesShort.format(2592));
+ NumberFormat likesLong = NumberFormat.getCompactNumberInstance(new Locale("en", "US"), NumberFormat.Style.LONG);
+ likesLong.setMaximumFractionDigits(2);
+ assertEquals("2.59 thousand", likesShort.format(2592));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/newfeatures/FileMismatchUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/newfeatures/FileMismatchUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f081fe399
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/newfeatures/FileMismatchUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package java.com.baeldung.newfeatures;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class FileMismatchUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenIdenticalFiles_thenShouldNotFindMismatch() throws IOException {
+ Path filePath1 = Files.createTempFile("file1", ".txt");
+ Path filePath2 = Files.createTempFile("file2", ".txt");
+ Files.writeString(filePath1, "Java 12 Article");
+ Files.writeString(filePath2, "Java 12 Article");
+ long mismatch = Files.mismatch(filePath1, filePath2);
+ assertEquals(-1, mismatch);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDifferentFiles_thenShouldFindMismatch() throws IOException {
+ Path filePath3 = Files.createTempFile("file3", ".txt");
+ Path filePath4 = Files.createTempFile("file4", ".txt");
+ Files.writeString(filePath3, "Java 12 Article");
+ Files.writeString(filePath4, "Java 12 Tutorial");
+ long mismatch = Files.mismatch(filePath3, filePath4);
+ assertEquals(8, mismatch);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/newfeatures/StringUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/newfeatures/StringUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ae51bd960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/newfeatures/StringUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package java.com.baeldung.newfeatures;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class StringUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenString_thenRevertValue() {
+ String text = "Baeldung";
+ String transformed = text.transform(value -> new StringBuilder(value).reverse().toString());
+ assertEquals("gnudleaB", transformed);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/newfeatures/TeeingCollectorUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/newfeatures/TeeingCollectorUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30a5cb40a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/newfeatures/TeeingCollectorUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package java.com.baeldung.newfeatures;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class TeeingCollectorUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSetOfNumbers_thenCalculateAverage() {
+ double mean = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+ .collect(Collectors.teeing(Collectors.summingDouble(i -> i), Collectors.counting(), (sum, count) -> sum / count));
+ assertEquals(3.0, mean);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/string/StringAPITest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/string/StringAPITest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d80a36bf6..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/string/StringAPITest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.string;
-
-import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
-import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-public class StringAPITest {
-
- @Test
- public void whenPositiveArgument_thenReturnIndentedString() {
- String multilineStr = "This is\na multiline\nstring.";
- String outputStr = " This is\n a multiline\n string.\n";
-
- String postIndent = multilineStr.indent(3);
-
- assertThat(postIndent, equalTo(outputStr));
- }
-
- @Test
- public void whenNegativeArgument_thenReturnReducedIndentedString() {
- String multilineStr = " This is\n a multiline\n string.";
- String outputStr = " This is\n a multiline\n string.\n";
-
- String postIndent = multilineStr.indent(-2);
-
- assertThat(postIndent, equalTo(outputStr));
- }
-
- @Test
- public void whenTransformUsingLamda_thenReturnTransformedString() {
- String result = "hello".transform(input -> input + " world!");
-
- assertThat(result, equalTo("hello world!"));
- }
-
- @Test
- public void whenTransformUsingParseInt_thenReturnInt() {
- int result = "42".transform(Integer::parseInt);
-
- assertThat(result, equalTo(42));
- }
-}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/string/StringAPIUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/string/StringAPIUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5f21bb25f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-12/src/test/java/com/baeldung/string/StringAPIUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package com.baeldung.string;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class StringAPIUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenPositiveArgument_thenReturnIndentedString() {
+ String multilineStr = "This is\na multiline\nstring.";
+ String outputStr = " This is\n a multiline\n string.\n";
+
+ String postIndent = multilineStr.indent(3);
+
+ assertThat(postIndent, equalTo(outputStr));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenNegativeArgument_thenReturnReducedIndentedString() {
+ String multilineStr = " This is\n a multiline\n string.";
+ String outputStr = " This is\n a multiline\n string.\n";
+
+ String postIndent = multilineStr.indent(-2);
+
+ assertThat(postIndent, equalTo(outputStr));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenTransformUsingLamda_thenReturnTransformedString() {
+ String result = "hello".transform(input -> input + " world!");
+
+ assertThat(result, equalTo("hello world!"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenTransformUsingParseInt_thenReturnInt() {
+ int result = "42".transform(Integer::parseInt);
+
+ assertThat(result, equalTo(42));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-13/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-13/README.md
index 697f89c362..9215139dd4 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-13/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-13/README.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
### Relevant articles:
- [Java Switch Statement](https://www.baeldung.com/java-switch)
-- [New Java 13 Features](https://www.baeldung.com/java-13-new-features)
+- [New Features in Java 13](https://www.baeldung.com/java-13-new-features)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-14/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/README.md
index d382c4814a..07cdf9859c 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-14/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/README.md
@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ This module contains articles about Java 14.
- [Helpful NullPointerExceptions in Java 14](https://www.baeldung.com/java-14-nullpointerexception)
- [Foreign Memory Access API in Java 14](https://www.baeldung.com/java-foreign-memory-access)
- [Java 14 Record Keyword](https://www.baeldung.com/java-record-keyword)
+- [New Features in Java 14](https://www.baeldung.com/java-14-new-features)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-14/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/pom.xml
index 96cb6b37e7..e977f39e9d 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-14/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/pom.xml
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@
${maven.compiler.release}--enable-preview
+ 14
+ 14
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/character/IsLetterOrAlphabetUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/character/IsLetterOrAlphabetUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44c712a17f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/character/IsLetterOrAlphabetUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.java14.character;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+
+public class IsLetterOrAlphabetUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenLetter_thenAssertIsLetterTrue() {
+ assertTrue(Character.isLetter(65));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenLetter_thenAssertIsAlphabeticTrue() {
+ assertTrue(Character.isAlphabetic(65));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenAlphabeticAndNotLetter_thenAssertIsLetterFalse() {
+ assertFalse(Character.isLetter(837));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenAlphabeticAndNotLetter_thenAssertIsAlphabeticTrue() {
+ assertTrue(Character.isAlphabetic(837));
+ }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/newfeatues/MultilineUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/newfeatues/MultilineUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4efd1ff362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/newfeatues/MultilineUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.java14.newfeatues;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class MultilineUnitTest {
+
+ @SuppressWarnings("preview")
+ String multiline = """
+ A quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog; \
+ the lazy dog howls loudly.""";
+
+ @SuppressWarnings("preview")
+ String anotherMultiline = """
+ A quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog;
+ the lazy dog howls loudly.""";
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenMultilineString_whenSlashUsed_thenNoNewLine() {
+ assertFalse(multiline.contains("\n"));
+ assertTrue(anotherMultiline.contains("\n"));
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/newfeatues/RecordUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/newfeatues/RecordUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d7a55d3e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/newfeatues/RecordUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.baeldung.java14.newfeatues;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class RecordUnitTest {
+
+ @SuppressWarnings("preview")
+ public record User(int id, String password) {
+ };
+
+ private User user1 = new User(0, "UserOne");
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenRecord_whenObjInitialized_thenValuesCanBeFetchedWithGetters() {
+
+ assertEquals(0, user1.id());
+ assertEquals("UserOne", user1.password());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenRecord_thenEqualsImplemented() {
+
+ User user2 = user1;
+
+ assertEquals(user1, user2);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenRecord_thenToStringImplemented() {
+
+ assertTrue(user1.toString()
+ .contains("UserOne"));
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/newfeatues/SwitchExprUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/newfeatues/SwitchExprUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..896b3ec7de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/newfeatues/SwitchExprUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package com.baeldung.java14.newfeatues;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class SwitchExprUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDay_whenSunday_thenWeekend() {
+ assertTrue(isTodayHolidayInJava8("SUNDAY"));
+
+ assertTrue(isTodayHolidayInJava14("SUNDAY"));
+
+ assertThatExceptionOfType(IllegalArgumentException.class).isThrownBy(() -> isTodayHolidayInJava8("SOMEDAY"));
+
+ assertThatExceptionOfType(IllegalArgumentException.class).isThrownBy(() -> isTodayHolidayInJava14("SOMEDAY"));
+ }
+
+ private boolean isTodayHolidayInJava8(String day) {
+
+ boolean isTodayHoliday;
+ switch (day) {
+ case "MONDAY":
+ case "TUESDAY":
+ case "WEDNESDAY":
+ case "THURSDAY":
+ case "FRIDAY":
+ isTodayHoliday = false;
+ break;
+ case "SATURDAY":
+ case "SUNDAY":
+ isTodayHoliday = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("What's a " + day);
+ }
+ return isTodayHoliday;
+ }
+
+ private boolean isTodayHolidayInJava14(String day) {
+ return switch (day) {
+ case "MONDAY", "TUESDAY", "WEDNESDAY", "THURSDAY", "FRIDAY" -> false;
+ case "SATURDAY", "SUNDAY" -> true;
+ default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("What's a " + day);
+ };
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/record/PersonTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/record/PersonTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 9bed3dab8f..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/record/PersonTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.java14.record;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-public class PersonTest {
-
- @Test
- public void givenSameNameAndAddress_whenEquals_thenPersonsEqual() {
-
- String name = "John Doe";
- String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
-
- Person person1 = new Person(name, address);
- Person person2 = new Person(name, address);
-
- assertTrue(person1.equals(person2));
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenDifferentObject_whenEquals_thenNotEqual() {
-
- Person person = new Person("John Doe", "100 Linda Ln.");
-
- assertFalse(person.equals(new Object()));
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenDifferentName_whenEquals_thenPersonsNotEqual() {
-
- String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
-
- Person person1 = new Person("Jane Doe", address);
- Person person2 = new Person("John Doe", address);
-
- assertFalse(person1.equals(person2));
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenDifferentAddress_whenEquals_thenPersonsNotEqual() {
-
- String name = "John Doe";
-
- Person person1 = new Person(name, "100 Linda Ln.");
- Person person2 = new Person(name, "200 London Ave.");
-
- assertFalse(person1.equals(person2));
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenSameNameAndAddress_whenHashCode_thenPersonsEqual() {
-
- String name = "John Doe";
- String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
-
- Person person1 = new Person(name, address);
- Person person2 = new Person(name, address);
-
- assertEquals(person1.hashCode(), person2.hashCode());
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenDifferentObject_whenHashCode_thenNotEqual() {
-
- Person person = new Person("John Doe", "100 Linda Ln.");
-
- assertNotEquals(person.hashCode(), new Object().hashCode());
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenDifferentName_whenHashCode_thenPersonsNotEqual() {
-
- String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
-
- Person person1 = new Person("Jane Doe", address);
- Person person2 = new Person("John Doe", address);
-
- assertNotEquals(person1.hashCode(), person2.hashCode());
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenDifferentAddress_whenHashCode_thenPersonsNotEqual() {
-
- String name = "John Doe";
-
- Person person1 = new Person(name, "100 Linda Ln.");
- Person person2 = new Person(name, "200 London Ave.");
-
- assertNotEquals(person1.hashCode(), person2.hashCode());
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenValidNameAndAddress_whenGetNameAndAddress_thenExpectedValuesReturned() {
-
- String name = "John Doe";
- String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
-
- Person person = new Person(name, address);
-
- assertEquals(name, person.name());
- assertEquals(address, person.address());
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenValidNameAndAddress_whenToString_thenCorrectStringReturned() {
-
- String name = "John Doe";
- String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
-
- Person person = new Person(name, address);
-
- assertEquals("Person[name=" + name + ", address=" + address + "]", person.toString());
- }
-
- @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
- public void givenNullName_whenConstruct_thenErrorThrown() {
- new Person(null, "100 Linda Ln.");
- }
-
- @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
- public void givenNullAddress_whenConstruct_thenErrorThrown() {
- new Person("John Doe", null);
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenUnknownAddress_whenConstructing_thenAddressPopulated() {
-
- String name = "John Doe";
-
- Person person = new Person(name);
-
- assertEquals(name, person.name());
- assertEquals(Person.UNKNOWN_ADDRESS, person.address());
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenUnnamed_whenConstructingThroughFactory_thenNamePopulated() {
-
- String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
-
- Person person = Person.unnamed(address);
-
- assertEquals(Person.UNNAMED, person.name());
- assertEquals(address, person.address());
- }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/record/PersonUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/record/PersonUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..594ced56cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-14/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java14/record/PersonUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package com.baeldung.java14.record;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class PersonUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSameNameAndAddress_whenEquals_thenPersonsEqual() {
+
+ String name = "John Doe";
+ String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
+
+ Person person1 = new Person(name, address);
+ Person person2 = new Person(name, address);
+
+ assertTrue(person1.equals(person2));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDifferentObject_whenEquals_thenNotEqual() {
+
+ Person person = new Person("John Doe", "100 Linda Ln.");
+
+ assertFalse(person.equals(new Object()));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDifferentName_whenEquals_thenPersonsNotEqual() {
+
+ String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
+
+ Person person1 = new Person("Jane Doe", address);
+ Person person2 = new Person("John Doe", address);
+
+ assertFalse(person1.equals(person2));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDifferentAddress_whenEquals_thenPersonsNotEqual() {
+
+ String name = "John Doe";
+
+ Person person1 = new Person(name, "100 Linda Ln.");
+ Person person2 = new Person(name, "200 London Ave.");
+
+ assertFalse(person1.equals(person2));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSameNameAndAddress_whenHashCode_thenPersonsEqual() {
+
+ String name = "John Doe";
+ String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
+
+ Person person1 = new Person(name, address);
+ Person person2 = new Person(name, address);
+
+ assertEquals(person1.hashCode(), person2.hashCode());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDifferentObject_whenHashCode_thenNotEqual() {
+
+ Person person = new Person("John Doe", "100 Linda Ln.");
+
+ assertNotEquals(person.hashCode(), new Object().hashCode());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDifferentName_whenHashCode_thenPersonsNotEqual() {
+
+ String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
+
+ Person person1 = new Person("Jane Doe", address);
+ Person person2 = new Person("John Doe", address);
+
+ assertNotEquals(person1.hashCode(), person2.hashCode());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDifferentAddress_whenHashCode_thenPersonsNotEqual() {
+
+ String name = "John Doe";
+
+ Person person1 = new Person(name, "100 Linda Ln.");
+ Person person2 = new Person(name, "200 London Ave.");
+
+ assertNotEquals(person1.hashCode(), person2.hashCode());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenValidNameAndAddress_whenGetNameAndAddress_thenExpectedValuesReturned() {
+
+ String name = "John Doe";
+ String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
+
+ Person person = new Person(name, address);
+
+ assertEquals(name, person.name());
+ assertEquals(address, person.address());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenValidNameAndAddress_whenToString_thenCorrectStringReturned() {
+
+ String name = "John Doe";
+ String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
+
+ Person person = new Person(name, address);
+
+ assertEquals("Person[name=" + name + ", address=" + address + "]", person.toString());
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+ public void givenNullName_whenConstruct_thenErrorThrown() {
+ new Person(null, "100 Linda Ln.");
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+ public void givenNullAddress_whenConstruct_thenErrorThrown() {
+ new Person("John Doe", null);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUnknownAddress_whenConstructing_thenAddressPopulated() {
+
+ String name = "John Doe";
+
+ Person person = new Person(name);
+
+ assertEquals(name, person.name());
+ assertEquals(Person.UNKNOWN_ADDRESS, person.address());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUnnamed_whenConstructingThroughFactory_thenNamePopulated() {
+
+ String address = "100 Linda Ln.";
+
+ Person person = Person.unnamed(address);
+
+ assertEquals(Person.UNNAMED, person.name());
+ assertEquals(address, person.address());
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/.mvn/jvm.config b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/.mvn/jvm.config
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50f549be0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/.mvn/jvm.config
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+--enable-preview
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de503fbb31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+## Core Java 15
+
+This module contains articles about Java 15.
+
+### Relevant articles
+
+- [Sealed Classes and Interfaces in Java 15](https://www.baeldung.com/java-sealed-classes-interfaces)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b0d324d10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ core-java-15
+ core-java-15
+ jar
+ http://maven.apache.org
+
+
+ com.baeldung
+ parent-modules
+ 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
+ ../../pom.xml
+
+
+
+
+ org.apache.commons
+ commons-lang3
+ ${commons-lang3.version}
+
+
+ org.assertj
+ assertj-core
+ ${assertj.version}
+ test
+
+
+ org.junit.jupiter
+ junit-jupiter-engine
+ ${junit-jupiter.version}
+ test
+
+
+ org.junit.jupiter
+ junit-jupiter-api
+ ${junit-jupiter.version}
+ test
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.plugins
+ maven-compiler-plugin
+ ${maven-compiler-plugin.version}
+
+ ${maven.compiler.release}
+ --enable-preview
+ 14
+ 14
+
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.plugins
+ maven-surefire-plugin
+ ${surefire.plugin.version}
+
+ --enable-preview
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 15
+ 3.17.2
+ 3.8.1
+ 3.0.0-M3
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/alternative/Vehicles.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/alternative/Vehicles.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..091c5841bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/alternative/Vehicles.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.baeldung.sealed.alternative;
+
+public class Vehicles {
+
+ abstract static class Vehicle {
+
+ private final String registrationNumber;
+
+ public Vehicle(String registrationNumber) {
+ this.registrationNumber = registrationNumber;
+ }
+
+ public String getRegistrationNumber() {
+ return registrationNumber;
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ public static final class Car extends Vehicle {
+
+ private final int numberOfSeats;
+
+ public Car(int numberOfSeats, String registrationNumber) {
+ super(registrationNumber);
+ this.numberOfSeats = numberOfSeats;
+ }
+
+ public int getNumberOfSeats() {
+ return numberOfSeats;
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ public static final class Truck extends Vehicle {
+
+ private final int loadCapacity;
+
+ public Truck(int loadCapacity, String registrationNumber) {
+ super(registrationNumber);
+ this.loadCapacity = loadCapacity;
+ }
+
+ public int getLoadCapacity() {
+ return loadCapacity;
+ }
+
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/Car.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/Car.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7dce266da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/Car.java
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package com.baeldung.sealed.classes;
+
+public non-sealed class Car extends Vehicle implements Service {
+
+ private final int numberOfSeats;
+
+ public Car(int numberOfSeats, String registrationNumber) {
+ super(registrationNumber);
+ this.numberOfSeats = numberOfSeats;
+ }
+
+ public int getNumberOfSeats() {
+ return numberOfSeats;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int getMaxServiceIntervalInMonths() {
+ return 12;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/Service.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/Service.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9486b302f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/Service.java
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.baeldung.sealed.classes;
+
+public sealed interface Service permits Car, Truck {
+
+ int getMaxServiceIntervalInMonths();
+
+ default int getMaxDistanceBetweenServicesInKilometers() {
+ return 100000;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/Truck.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/Truck.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d5234342b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/Truck.java
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package com.baeldung.sealed.classes;
+
+public final class Truck extends Vehicle implements Service {
+
+ private final int loadCapacity;
+
+ public Truck(int loadCapacity, String registrationNumber) {
+ super(registrationNumber);
+ this.loadCapacity = loadCapacity;
+ }
+
+ public int getLoadCapacity() {
+ return loadCapacity;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int getMaxServiceIntervalInMonths() {
+ return 18;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/Vehicle.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/Vehicle.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79eda0c790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/Vehicle.java
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.baeldung.sealed.classes;
+
+public abstract sealed class Vehicle permits Car, Truck {
+
+ protected final String registrationNumber;
+
+ public Vehicle(String registrationNumber) {
+ this.registrationNumber = registrationNumber;
+ }
+
+ public String getRegistrationNumber() {
+ return registrationNumber;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/records/Car.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/records/Car.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74b6ed1405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/records/Car.java
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.sealed.records;
+
+public record Car(int numberOfSeats, String registrationNumber) implements Vehicle {
+
+ @Override
+ public String getRegistrationNumber() {
+ return registrationNumber;
+ }
+
+ public int getNumberOfSeats() {
+ return numberOfSeats;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/records/Truck.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/records/Truck.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b887ae014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/records/Truck.java
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.sealed.records;
+
+public record Truck(int loadCapacity, String registrationNumber) implements Vehicle {
+
+ @Override
+ public String getRegistrationNumber() {
+ return registrationNumber;
+ }
+
+ public int getLoadCapacity() {
+ return loadCapacity;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/records/Vehicle.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/records/Vehicle.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c51f8e97c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/sealed/records/Vehicle.java
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package com.baeldung.sealed.records;
+
+public sealed interface Vehicle permits Car, Truck {
+
+ String getRegistrationNumber();
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/whatsnew/records/Person.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/whatsnew/records/Person.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74cf5edf9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/whatsnew/records/Person.java
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.baeldung.whatsnew.records;
+
+/**
+ * Java record with a header indicating 2 fields.
+ */
+public record Person(String name, int age) {
+ /**
+ * Public constructor that does some basic validation.
+ */
+ public Person {
+ if (age < 0) {
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("Age cannot be negative");
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/whatsnew/sealedclasses/Employee.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/whatsnew/sealedclasses/Employee.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec85c371b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/whatsnew/sealedclasses/Employee.java
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.whatsnew.sealedclasses;
+
+import java.util.Date;
+
+public non-sealed class Employee extends Person {
+ public Date getHiredDate() {
+ return new Date();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/whatsnew/sealedclasses/Manager.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/whatsnew/sealedclasses/Manager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79c50b057e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/whatsnew/sealedclasses/Manager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package com.baeldung.whatsnew.sealedclasses;
+
+public final class Manager extends Person {
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/whatsnew/sealedclasses/Person.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/whatsnew/sealedclasses/Person.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a52bc1a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/main/java/com/baeldung/whatsnew/sealedclasses/Person.java
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package com.baeldung.whatsnew.sealedclasses;
+
+import java.util.Date;
+
+public sealed class Person permits Employee, Manager {
+ /**
+ * Demonstration of pattern matching for instanceof
+ *
+ * @param person A Person object
+ * @return
+ */
+ public static void patternMatchingDemo(Person person) {
+ if(person instanceof Employee employee) {
+ Date hiredDate = employee.getHiredDate();
+ }
+
+ if(person instanceof Employee employee && employee.getHiredDate() != null) {
+ Date hiredDate = employee.getHiredDate();
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/test/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/VehicleUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/test/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/VehicleUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b614981a43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/test/java/com/baeldung/sealed/classes/VehicleUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package com.baeldung.sealed.classes;
+
+import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.lang.constant.ClassDesc;
+
+public class VehicleUnitTest {
+
+ private static Vehicle car;
+ private static Vehicle truck;
+
+ @BeforeAll
+ public static void createInstances() {
+ car = new Car(5, "VZ500DA");
+ truck = new Truck(19000, "VZ600TA");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenCar_whenUsingReflectionAPI_thenSuperClassIsSealed() {
+ Assertions.assertThat(car.getClass().isSealed()).isEqualTo(false);
+ Assertions.assertThat(car.getClass().getSuperclass().isSealed()).isEqualTo(true);
+ Assertions.assertThat(car.getClass().getSuperclass().permittedSubclasses())
+ .contains(ClassDesc.of(car.getClass().getCanonicalName()));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTruck_whenUsingReflectionAPI_thenSuperClassIsSealed() {
+ Assertions.assertThat(truck.getClass().isSealed()).isEqualTo(false);
+ Assertions.assertThat(truck.getClass().getSuperclass().isSealed()).isEqualTo(true);
+ Assertions.assertThat(truck.getClass().getSuperclass().permittedSubclasses())
+ .contains(ClassDesc.of(truck.getClass().getCanonicalName()));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenCar_whenGettingPropertyTraditionalWay_thenNumberOfSeatsPropertyIsReturned() {
+ Assertions.assertThat(getPropertyTraditionalWay(car)).isEqualTo(5);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenCar_whenGettingPropertyViaPatternMatching_thenNumberOfSeatsPropertyIsReturned() {
+ Assertions.assertThat(getPropertyViaPatternMatching(car)).isEqualTo(5);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTruck_whenGettingPropertyTraditionalWay_thenLoadCapacityIsReturned() {
+ Assertions.assertThat(getPropertyTraditionalWay(truck)).isEqualTo(19000);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTruck_whenGettingPropertyViaPatternMatching_thenLoadCapacityIsReturned() {
+ Assertions.assertThat(getPropertyViaPatternMatching(truck)).isEqualTo(19000);
+ }
+
+ private int getPropertyTraditionalWay(Vehicle vehicle) {
+ if (vehicle instanceof Car) {
+ return ((Car) vehicle).getNumberOfSeats();
+ } else if (vehicle instanceof Truck) {
+ return ((Truck) vehicle).getLoadCapacity();
+ } else {
+ throw new RuntimeException("Unknown instance of Vehicle");
+ }
+ }
+
+ private int getPropertyViaPatternMatching(Vehicle vehicle) {
+ if (vehicle instanceof Car car) {
+ return car.getNumberOfSeats();
+ } else if (vehicle instanceof Truck truck) {
+ return truck.getLoadCapacity();
+ } else {
+ throw new RuntimeException("Unknown instance of Vehicle");
+ }
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/test/java/com/baeldung/sealed/records/VehicleUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/test/java/com/baeldung/sealed/records/VehicleUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac8a8c953c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-15/src/test/java/com/baeldung/sealed/records/VehicleUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package com.baeldung.sealed.records;
+
+import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.lang.constant.ClassDesc;
+
+public class VehicleUnitTest {
+
+ private static Vehicle car;
+ private static Vehicle truck;
+
+ @BeforeAll
+ public static void createInstances() {
+ car = new Car(4, "VZ500DA");
+ truck = new Truck(16000, "VZ600TA");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenCar_whenUsingReflectionAPI_thenInterfaceIsSealed() {
+ Assertions.assertThat(car.getClass().isSealed()).isEqualTo(false);
+ Assertions.assertThat(car.getClass().getInterfaces()[0].isSealed()).isEqualTo(true);
+ Assertions.assertThat(car.getClass().getInterfaces()[0].permittedSubclasses())
+ .contains(ClassDesc.of(car.getClass().getCanonicalName()));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTruck_whenUsingReflectionAPI_thenInterfaceIsSealed() {
+ Assertions.assertThat(truck.getClass().isSealed()).isEqualTo(false);
+ Assertions.assertThat(truck.getClass().getInterfaces()[0].isSealed()).isEqualTo(true);
+ Assertions.assertThat(truck.getClass().getInterfaces()[0].permittedSubclasses())
+ .contains(ClassDesc.of(truck.getClass().getCanonicalName()));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenCar_whenGettingPropertyTraditionalWay_thenNumberOfSeatsPropertyIsReturned() {
+ Assertions.assertThat(getPropertyTraditionalWay(car)).isEqualTo(4);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenCar_whenGettingPropertyViaPatternMatching_thenNumberOfSeatsPropertyIsReturned() {
+ Assertions.assertThat(getPropertyViaPatternMatching(car)).isEqualTo(4);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTruck_whenGettingPropertyTraditionalWay_thenLoadCapacityIsReturned() {
+ Assertions.assertThat(getPropertyTraditionalWay(truck)).isEqualTo(16000);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTruck_whenGettingPropertyViaPatternMatching_thenLoadCapacityIsReturned() {
+ Assertions.assertThat(getPropertyViaPatternMatching(truck)).isEqualTo(16000);
+ }
+
+ private int getPropertyTraditionalWay(Vehicle vehicle) {
+ if (vehicle instanceof Car) {
+ return ((Car) vehicle).getNumberOfSeats();
+ } else if (vehicle instanceof Truck) {
+ return ((Truck) vehicle).getLoadCapacity();
+ } else {
+ throw new RuntimeException("Unknown instance of Vehicle");
+ }
+ }
+
+ private int getPropertyViaPatternMatching(Vehicle vehicle) {
+ if (vehicle instanceof Car car) {
+ return car.getNumberOfSeats();
+ } else if (vehicle instanceof Truck truck) {
+ return truck.getLoadCapacity();
+ } else {
+ throw new RuntimeException("Unknown instance of Vehicle");
+ }
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-8-datetime/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseDateTimeFormatterUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-8-datetime/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseDateTimeFormatterUnitTest.java
index 797e0b954a..8ca0066a0d 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-8-datetime/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseDateTimeFormatterUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-8-datetime/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseDateTimeFormatterUnitTest.java
@@ -31,6 +31,6 @@ public class UseDateTimeFormatterUnitTest {
public void givenALocalDate_whenFormattingWithStyleAndLocale_thenPass() {
String result = subject.formatWithStyleAndLocale(localDateTime, FormatStyle.MEDIUM, Locale.UK);
- assertThat(result).isEqualTo("25 Jan 2015, 06:30:00");
+ assertThat(result).isEqualTo("25-Jan-2015 06:30:00");
}
}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-8-datetime/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseToInstantUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-8-datetime/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseToInstantUnitTest.java
index 78d9a647fe..cb6e804284 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-8-datetime/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseToInstantUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-8-datetime/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseToInstantUnitTest.java
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.baeldung.datetime;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
@@ -24,10 +25,11 @@ public class UseToInstantUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenADate_whenConvertingToLocalDate_thenAsExpected() {
- Date givenDate = new Date(1465817690000L);
+ LocalDateTime currentDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
+ Date givenDate = Date.from(currentDateTime.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault()).toInstant());
LocalDateTime localDateTime = subject.convertDateToLocalDate(givenDate);
- assertThat(localDateTime).isEqualTo("2016-06-13T13:34:50");
+ assertThat(localDateTime).isEqualTo(currentDateTime);
}
}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-8-datetime/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseZonedDateTimeUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-8-datetime/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseZonedDateTimeUnitTest.java
index 4a39f6056e..0ee0f72d78 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-8-datetime/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseZonedDateTimeUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-8-datetime/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseZonedDateTimeUnitTest.java
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public class UseZonedDateTimeUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenAStringWithTimeZone_whenParsing_thenEqualsExpected() {
ZonedDateTime resultFromString = zonedDateTime.getZonedDateTimeUsingParseMethod("2015-05-03T10:15:30+01:00[Europe/Paris]");
- ZonedDateTime resultFromLocalDateTime = ZonedDateTime.of(2015, 5, 3, 11, 15, 30, 0, ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
+ ZonedDateTime resultFromLocalDateTime = ZonedDateTime.of(2015, 5, 3, 10, 15, 30, 0, ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
assertThat(resultFromString.getZone()).isEqualTo(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
assertThat(resultFromLocalDateTime.getZone()).isEqualTo(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-9-jigsaw/src/modules/com.baeldung.student.service.dbimpl/com/baeldung/student/service/dbimpl/StudentDbService.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-9-jigsaw/src/modules/com.baeldung.student.service.dbimpl/com/baeldung/student/service/dbimpl/StudentDbService.java
index 2519da085b..617a0a7e70 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-9-jigsaw/src/modules/com.baeldung.student.service.dbimpl/com/baeldung/student/service/dbimpl/StudentDbService.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-9-jigsaw/src/modules/com.baeldung.student.service.dbimpl/com/baeldung/student/service/dbimpl/StudentDbService.java
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ public class StudentDbService implements StudentService {
}
public Student update(Student student) {
- logger.log(Level.INFO, "Updating sutdent in DB...");
+ logger.log(Level.INFO, "Updating student in DB...");
return student;
}
public String delete(String registrationId) {
- logger.log(Level.INFO, "Deleteing sutdent in DB...");
+ logger.log(Level.INFO, "Deleting student in DB...");
return registrationId;
}
}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-9-jigsaw/src/simple-modules/main.app/com/baeldung/modules/main/MainApp.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-9-jigsaw/src/simple-modules/main.app/com/baeldung/modules/main/MainApp.java
index eb32cafa31..270bf66c81 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-9-jigsaw/src/simple-modules/main.app/com/baeldung/modules/main/MainApp.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-9-jigsaw/src/simple-modules/main.app/com/baeldung/modules/main/MainApp.java
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
package com.baeldung.modules.main;
+import com.baeldung.modules.hello.HelloInterface;
import com.baeldung.modules.hello.HelloModules;
+import java.util.ServiceLoader;
public class MainApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloModules.doSomething();
-
- HelloModules module = new HelloModules();
- module.sayHello();
+
+ Iterable services = ServiceLoader.load(HelloInterface.class);
+ HelloInterface service = services.iterator().next();
+ service.sayHello();
}
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-9-jigsaw/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/modules/ModuleAPIUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-9-jigsaw/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/modules/ModuleAPIUnitTest.java
index aa2fb34753..b909636b56 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-9-jigsaw/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/modules/ModuleAPIUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-9-jigsaw/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/modules/ModuleAPIUnitTest.java
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ package com.baeldung.java9.modules;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.nullValue;
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.contains;
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsInAnyOrder;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
import static org.hamcrest.collection.IsEmptyCollection.empty;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@@ -74,7 +73,6 @@ public class ModuleAPIUnitTest {
ModuleLayer javaBaseModuleLayer = javaBaseModule.getLayer();
assertTrue(javaBaseModuleLayer.configuration().findModule(JAVA_BASE_MODULE_NAME).isPresent());
- assertThat(javaBaseModuleLayer.configuration().modules().size(), is(78));
assertTrue(javaBaseModuleLayer.parents().get(0).configuration().parents().isEmpty());
}
@@ -108,8 +106,7 @@ public class ModuleAPIUnitTest {
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
assertThat(javaBaseRequires, empty());
- assertThat(javaSqlRequires.size(), is(3));
- assertThat(javaSqlRequiresNames, containsInAnyOrder("java.base", "java.xml", "java.logging"));
+ assertThat(javaSqlRequiresNames, hasItems("java.base", "java.xml", "java.logging"));
}
@Test
@@ -127,16 +124,13 @@ public class ModuleAPIUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenModules_whenAccessingModuleDescriptorExports_thenExportsAreReturned() {
- Set javaBaseExports = javaBaseModule.getDescriptor().exports();
Set javaSqlExports = javaSqlModule.getDescriptor().exports();
Set javaSqlExportsSource = javaSqlExports.stream()
.map(Exports::source)
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
- assertThat(javaBaseExports.size(), is(108));
- assertThat(javaSqlExports.size(), is(3));
- assertThat(javaSqlExportsSource, containsInAnyOrder("java.sql", "javax.transaction.xa", "javax.sql"));
+ assertThat(javaSqlExportsSource, hasItems("java.sql", "javax.sql"));
}
@Test
@@ -144,7 +138,6 @@ public class ModuleAPIUnitTest {
Set javaBaseUses = javaBaseModule.getDescriptor().uses();
Set javaSqlUses = javaSqlModule.getDescriptor().uses();
- assertThat(javaBaseUses.size(), is(34));
assertThat(javaSqlUses, contains("java.sql.Driver"));
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-9-new-features/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-9-new-features/README.md
index c2ef63a530..4045a37d9d 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-9-new-features/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-9-new-features/README.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This module contains articles about core Java features that have been introduced
### Relevant Articles:
-- [Java 9 New Features](https://www.baeldung.com/new-java-9)
+- [New Features in Java 9](https://www.baeldung.com/new-java-9)
- [Java 9 Variable Handles Demystified](http://www.baeldung.com/java-variable-handles)
- [Exploring the New HTTP Client in Java 9 and 11](http://www.baeldung.com/java-9-http-client)
- [Multi-Release Jar Files](https://www.baeldung.com/java-multi-release-jar)
@@ -13,3 +13,5 @@ This module contains articles about core Java features that have been introduced
- [Java 9 Platform Logging API](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-logging-api)
- [Java 9 Reactive Streams](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-reactive-streams)
- [Multi-Release JAR Files with Maven](https://www.baeldung.com/maven-multi-release-jars)
+- [The Difference between RxJava API and the Java 9 Flow API](https://www.baeldung.com/rxjava-vs-java-flow-api)
+- [How to Get a Name of a Method Being Executed?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-name-of-executing-method)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-9/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-9/README.md
index 0a9bf76ac4..cab02369cc 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-9/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-9/README.md
@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ This module contains articles about Java 9 core features
- [Iterate Through a Range of Dates in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-iterate-date-range)
- [Initialize a HashMap in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-initialize-hashmap)
- [Immutable ArrayList in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-immutable-list)
+- [Easy Ways to Write a Java InputStream to an OutputStream](https://www.baeldung.com/java-inputstream-to-outputstream)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-9/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-9/pom.xml
index 0669d6f597..001faf88cb 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-9/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-9/pom.xml
@@ -44,6 +44,16 @@
commons-collections4${commons-collections4.version}
+
+ org.apache.commons
+ commons-lang3
+ ${commons-lang3.version}
+
+
+ commons-io
+ commons-io
+ ${commons-io.version}
+
@@ -77,6 +87,7 @@
1.925.1-jre4.1
+ 3.2.2
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/methodhandles/MethodHandlesTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/methodhandles/MethodHandlesTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 7646755358..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/methodhandles/MethodHandlesTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.java9.methodhandles;
-
-import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-
-import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
-import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
-import java.lang.invoke.MethodType;
-import java.lang.invoke.WrongMethodTypeException;
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
-import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-/**
- * Test case for the {@link MethodHandles} API
- */
-public class MethodHandlesTest {
-
- @Test
- public void givenConcatMethodHandle_whenInvoked_thenCorrectlyConcatenated() throws Throwable {
-
- MethodHandles.Lookup publicLookup = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
- MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(String.class, String.class);
- MethodHandle concatMH = publicLookup.findVirtual(String.class, "concat", mt);
-
- String output = (String) concatMH.invoke("Effective ", "Java");
-
- assertEquals("Effective Java", output);
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenAsListMethodHandle_whenInvokingWithArguments_thenCorrectlyInvoked() throws Throwable {
- MethodHandles.Lookup publicLookup = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
- MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(List.class, Object[].class);
- MethodHandle asListMH = publicLookup.findStatic(Arrays.class, "asList", mt);
-
- List list = (List) asListMH.invokeWithArguments(1, 2);
-
- assertThat(Arrays.asList(1, 2), is(list));
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenConstructorMethodHandle_whenInvoked_thenObjectCreatedCorrectly() throws Throwable {
- MethodHandles.Lookup publicLookup = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
- MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(void.class, String.class);
- MethodHandle newIntegerMH = publicLookup.findConstructor(Integer.class, mt);
-
- Integer integer = (Integer) newIntegerMH.invoke("1");
-
- assertEquals(1, integer.intValue());
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenAFieldWithoutGetter_whenCreatingAGetter_thenCorrectlyInvoked() throws Throwable {
- MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
- MethodHandle getTitleMH = lookup.findGetter(Book.class, "title", String.class);
-
- Book book = new Book("ISBN-1234", "Effective Java");
-
- assertEquals("Effective Java", getTitleMH.invoke(book));
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenPrivateMethod_whenCreatingItsMethodHandle_thenCorrectlyInvoked() throws Throwable {
- MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
- Method formatBookMethod = Book.class.getDeclaredMethod("formatBook");
- formatBookMethod.setAccessible(true);
-
- MethodHandle formatBookMH = lookup.unreflect(formatBookMethod);
-
- Book book = new Book("ISBN-123", "Java in Action");
-
- assertEquals("ISBN-123 > Java in Action", formatBookMH.invoke(book));
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenReplaceMethod_whenUsingReflectionAndInvoked_thenCorrectlyReplaced() throws Throwable {
- Method replaceMethod = String.class.getMethod("replace", char.class, char.class);
-
- String string = (String) replaceMethod.invoke("jovo", 'o', 'a');
-
- assertEquals("java", string);
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenReplaceMethodHandle_whenInvoked_thenCorrectlyReplaced() throws Throwable {
- MethodHandles.Lookup publicLookup = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
- MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(String.class, char.class, char.class);
- MethodHandle replaceMH = publicLookup.findVirtual(String.class, "replace", mt);
-
- String replacedString = (String) replaceMH.invoke("jovo", Character.valueOf('o'), 'a');
-
- assertEquals("java", replacedString);
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenReplaceMethodHandle_whenInvokingExact_thenCorrectlyReplaced() throws Throwable {
- MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
- MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(String.class, char.class, char.class);
- MethodHandle replaceMH = lookup.findVirtual(String.class, "replace", mt);
-
- String s = (String) replaceMH.invokeExact("jovo", 'o', 'a');
-
- assertEquals("java", s);
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenSumMethodHandle_whenInvokingExact_thenSumIsCorrect() throws Throwable {
- MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
- MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class);
- MethodHandle sumMH = lookup.findStatic(Integer.class, "sum", mt);
-
- int sum = (int) sumMH.invokeExact(1, 11);
-
- assertEquals(12, sum);
- }
-
- @Test(expected = WrongMethodTypeException.class)
- public void givenSumMethodHandleAndIncompatibleArguments_whenInvokingExact_thenException() throws Throwable {
- MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
- MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class);
- MethodHandle sumMH = lookup.findStatic(Integer.class, "sum", mt);
-
- sumMH.invokeExact(Integer.valueOf(1), 11);
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenSpreadedEqualsMethodHandle_whenInvokedOnArray_thenCorrectlyEvaluated() throws Throwable {
- MethodHandles.Lookup publicLookup = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
- MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(boolean.class, Object.class);
- MethodHandle equalsMH = publicLookup.findVirtual(String.class, "equals", mt);
-
- MethodHandle methodHandle = equalsMH.asSpreader(Object[].class, 2);
-
- assertTrue((boolean) methodHandle.invoke(new Object[] { "java", "java" }));
- assertFalse((boolean) methodHandle.invoke(new Object[] { "java", "jova" }));
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenConcatMethodHandle_whenBindToAString_thenCorrectlyConcatenated() throws Throwable {
- MethodHandles.Lookup publicLookup = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
- MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(String.class, String.class);
- MethodHandle concatMH = publicLookup.findVirtual(String.class, "concat", mt);
-
- MethodHandle bindedConcatMH = concatMH.bindTo("Hello ");
-
- assertEquals("Hello World!", bindedConcatMH.invoke("World!"));
- }
-}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/methodhandles/MethodHandlesUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/methodhandles/MethodHandlesUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7aa74a490f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/methodhandles/MethodHandlesUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.methodhandles;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodType;
+import java.lang.invoke.WrongMethodTypeException;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for the {@link MethodHandles} API
+ */
+public class MethodHandlesUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenConcatMethodHandle_whenInvoked_thenCorrectlyConcatenated() throws Throwable {
+
+ MethodHandles.Lookup publicLookup = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
+ MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(String.class, String.class);
+ MethodHandle concatMH = publicLookup.findVirtual(String.class, "concat", mt);
+
+ String output = (String) concatMH.invoke("Effective ", "Java");
+
+ assertEquals("Effective Java", output);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenAsListMethodHandle_whenInvokingWithArguments_thenCorrectlyInvoked() throws Throwable {
+ MethodHandles.Lookup publicLookup = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
+ MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(List.class, Object[].class);
+ MethodHandle asListMH = publicLookup.findStatic(Arrays.class, "asList", mt);
+
+ List list = (List) asListMH.invokeWithArguments(1, 2);
+
+ assertThat(Arrays.asList(1, 2), is(list));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenConstructorMethodHandle_whenInvoked_thenObjectCreatedCorrectly() throws Throwable {
+ MethodHandles.Lookup publicLookup = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
+ MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(void.class, String.class);
+ MethodHandle newIntegerMH = publicLookup.findConstructor(Integer.class, mt);
+
+ Integer integer = (Integer) newIntegerMH.invoke("1");
+
+ assertEquals(1, integer.intValue());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenAFieldWithoutGetter_whenCreatingAGetter_thenCorrectlyInvoked() throws Throwable {
+ MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
+ MethodHandle getTitleMH = lookup.findGetter(Book.class, "title", String.class);
+
+ Book book = new Book("ISBN-1234", "Effective Java");
+
+ assertEquals("Effective Java", getTitleMH.invoke(book));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenPrivateMethod_whenCreatingItsMethodHandle_thenCorrectlyInvoked() throws Throwable {
+ MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
+ Method formatBookMethod = Book.class.getDeclaredMethod("formatBook");
+ formatBookMethod.setAccessible(true);
+
+ MethodHandle formatBookMH = lookup.unreflect(formatBookMethod);
+
+ Book book = new Book("ISBN-123", "Java in Action");
+
+ assertEquals("ISBN-123 > Java in Action", formatBookMH.invoke(book));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenReplaceMethod_whenUsingReflectionAndInvoked_thenCorrectlyReplaced() throws Throwable {
+ Method replaceMethod = String.class.getMethod("replace", char.class, char.class);
+
+ String string = (String) replaceMethod.invoke("jovo", 'o', 'a');
+
+ assertEquals("java", string);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenReplaceMethodHandle_whenInvoked_thenCorrectlyReplaced() throws Throwable {
+ MethodHandles.Lookup publicLookup = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
+ MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(String.class, char.class, char.class);
+ MethodHandle replaceMH = publicLookup.findVirtual(String.class, "replace", mt);
+
+ String replacedString = (String) replaceMH.invoke("jovo", Character.valueOf('o'), 'a');
+
+ assertEquals("java", replacedString);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenReplaceMethodHandle_whenInvokingExact_thenCorrectlyReplaced() throws Throwable {
+ MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
+ MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(String.class, char.class, char.class);
+ MethodHandle replaceMH = lookup.findVirtual(String.class, "replace", mt);
+
+ String s = (String) replaceMH.invokeExact("jovo", 'o', 'a');
+
+ assertEquals("java", s);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSumMethodHandle_whenInvokingExact_thenSumIsCorrect() throws Throwable {
+ MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
+ MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class);
+ MethodHandle sumMH = lookup.findStatic(Integer.class, "sum", mt);
+
+ int sum = (int) sumMH.invokeExact(1, 11);
+
+ assertEquals(12, sum);
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = WrongMethodTypeException.class)
+ public void givenSumMethodHandleAndIncompatibleArguments_whenInvokingExact_thenException() throws Throwable {
+ MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
+ MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class);
+ MethodHandle sumMH = lookup.findStatic(Integer.class, "sum", mt);
+
+ sumMH.invokeExact(Integer.valueOf(1), 11);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSpreadedEqualsMethodHandle_whenInvokedOnArray_thenCorrectlyEvaluated() throws Throwable {
+ MethodHandles.Lookup publicLookup = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
+ MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(boolean.class, Object.class);
+ MethodHandle equalsMH = publicLookup.findVirtual(String.class, "equals", mt);
+
+ MethodHandle methodHandle = equalsMH.asSpreader(Object[].class, 2);
+
+ assertTrue((boolean) methodHandle.invoke(new Object[] { "java", "java" }));
+ assertFalse((boolean) methodHandle.invoke(new Object[] { "java", "jova" }));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenConcatMethodHandle_whenBindToAString_thenCorrectlyConcatenated() throws Throwable {
+ MethodHandles.Lookup publicLookup = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
+ MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(String.class, String.class);
+ MethodHandle concatMH = publicLookup.findVirtual(String.class, "concat", mt);
+
+ MethodHandle bindedConcatMH = concatMH.bindTo("Hello ");
+
+ assertEquals("Hello World!", bindedConcatMH.invoke("World!"));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/main/java/com/baeldung/annotations/AnnotatedClass.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/main/java/com/baeldung/annotations/AnnotatedClass.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5d9c88388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/main/java/com/baeldung/annotations/AnnotatedClass.java
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.baeldung.annotations;
+
+import javax.annotation.Generated;
+
+@RetentionAnnotation
+@Generated("Available only on source code")
+public class AnnotatedClass {
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/main/java/com/baeldung/annotations/RetentionAnnotation.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/main/java/com/baeldung/annotations/RetentionAnnotation.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4591334dde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/main/java/com/baeldung/annotations/RetentionAnnotation.java
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.annotations;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
+
+@Target(TYPE)
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+public @interface RetentionAnnotation {
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/test/java/com/baeldung/annotations/AnnotatedClassUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/test/java/com/baeldung/annotations/AnnotatedClassUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bf0b78cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/test/java/com/baeldung/annotations/AnnotatedClassUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.annotations;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+
+public class AnnotatedClassUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenAnnotationRetentionPolicyRuntime_shouldAccess() {
+ AnnotatedClass anAnnotatedClass = new AnnotatedClass();
+ Annotation[] annotations = anAnnotatedClass.getClass().getAnnotations();
+ assertThat(annotations.length, is(1));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/test/java/com/baeldung/customannotations/JsonSerializerUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/test/java/com/baeldung/customannotations/JsonSerializerUnitTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index fd8f8ba8b3..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/test/java/com/baeldung/customannotations/JsonSerializerUnitTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.customannotations;
-
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
-
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
-public class JsonSerializerUnitTest {
-
- @Test
- public void givenObjectNotSerializedThenExceptionThrown() throws JsonSerializationException {
- Object object = new Object();
- ObjectToJsonConverter serializer = new ObjectToJsonConverter();
- assertThrows(JsonSerializationException.class, () -> {
- serializer.convertToJson(object);
- });
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenObjectSerializedThenTrueReturned() throws JsonSerializationException {
- Person person = new Person("soufiane", "cheouati", "34");
- ObjectToJsonConverter serializer = new ObjectToJsonConverter();
- String jsonString = serializer.convertToJson(person);
- assertEquals("{\"personAge\":\"34\",\"firstName\":\"Soufiane\",\"lastName\":\"Cheouati\"}", jsonString);
- }
-}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/test/java/com/baeldung/customannotations/ObjectToJsonConverterUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/test/java/com/baeldung/customannotations/ObjectToJsonConverterUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c22b1bb73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-annotations/src/test/java/com/baeldung/customannotations/ObjectToJsonConverterUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.customannotations;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class ObjectToJsonConverterUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenObjectNotSerializedThenExceptionThrown() throws JsonSerializationException {
+ Object object = new Object();
+ ObjectToJsonConverter serializer = new ObjectToJsonConverter();
+ assertThrows(JsonSerializationException.class, () -> {
+ serializer.convertToJson(object);
+ });
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenObjectSerializedThenTrueReturned() throws JsonSerializationException {
+ Person person = new Person("soufiane", "cheouati", "34");
+ ObjectToJsonConverter serializer = new ObjectToJsonConverter();
+ String jsonString = serializer.convertToJson(person);
+ assertEquals("{\"personAge\":\"34\",\"firstName\":\"Soufiane\",\"lastName\":\"Cheouati\"}", jsonString);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/README.md
index 56c0c716d8..7338ff9523 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/README.md
@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ This module contains complete guides about arrays in Java
### Relevant Articles:
- [Arrays in Java: A Reference Guide](https://www.baeldung.com/java-arrays-guide)
- [Guide to the java.util.Arrays Class](https://www.baeldung.com/java-util-arrays)
-- [What is [Ljava.lang.Object;?]](https://www.baeldung.com/java-tostring-array)
+- [What is \[Ljava.lang.Object;?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-tostring-array)
+- [Guide to ArrayStoreException](https://www.baeldung.com/java-arraystoreexception)
+- [Creating a Generic Array in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-generic-array)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/pom.xml
index df8639820d..a7c996cf7e 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/pom.xml
@@ -17,16 +17,18 @@
org.openjdk.jmhjmh-core
- ${jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-core.version}org.openjdk.jmhjmh-generator-annprocess
- ${jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-generator.version}
+
+
+ org.assertj
+ assertj-core
+ 3.19.0
+ test
-
-
- 1.19
-
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/main/java/com/baeldung/array/arraystoreexception/ArrayStoreExampleCE.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/main/java/com/baeldung/array/arraystoreexception/ArrayStoreExampleCE.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c81142949
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/main/java/com/baeldung/array/arraystoreexception/ArrayStoreExampleCE.java
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.baeldung.array.arraystoreexception;
+
+public class ArrayStoreExampleCE {
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+
+ //String array[] = new String[5]; //This will lead to compile-time error at line-8 when uncommented
+ //array[0] = 2;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/main/java/com/baeldung/array/arraystoreexception/ArrayStoreExceptionExample.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/main/java/com/baeldung/array/arraystoreexception/ArrayStoreExceptionExample.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce63fd6605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/main/java/com/baeldung/array/arraystoreexception/ArrayStoreExceptionExample.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.baeldung.array.arraystoreexception;
+
+public class ArrayStoreExceptionExample {
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+
+ try {
+ Object array[] = new String[5];
+ array[0] = 2;
+ } catch (ArrayStoreException e) {
+ // handle the exception
+ }
+
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/main/java/com/baeldung/genericarrays/MyStack.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/main/java/com/baeldung/genericarrays/MyStack.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02659f13bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/main/java/com/baeldung/genericarrays/MyStack.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.genericarrays;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+
+public class MyStack {
+ private E[] elements;
+ private int size = 0;
+
+ public MyStack(Class clazz, int capacity) {
+ elements = (E[]) Array.newInstance(clazz, capacity);
+ }
+
+ public void push(E item) {
+ if (size == elements.length) {
+ throw new RuntimeException();
+ }
+ elements[size++] = item;
+ }
+
+ public E pop() {
+ if (size == 0) {
+ throw new RuntimeException();
+ }
+ return elements[--size];
+ }
+
+ public E[] getAllElements() {
+ return elements;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/test/java/com/baeldung/genericarrays/ListToArrayUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/test/java/com/baeldung/genericarrays/ListToArrayUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df7e0566ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/test/java/com/baeldung/genericarrays/ListToArrayUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.genericarrays;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class ListToArrayUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenListOfItems_whenToArray_thenReturnArrayOfItems() {
+ List items = new LinkedList<>();
+ items.add("first item");
+ items.add("second item");
+
+ String[] itemsAsArray = items.toArray(new String[0]);
+
+ assertEquals("first item", itemsAsArray[0]);
+ assertEquals("second item", itemsAsArray[1]);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/test/java/com/baeldung/genericarrays/MyStackUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/test/java/com/baeldung/genericarrays/MyStackUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e36c5169a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/test/java/com/baeldung/genericarrays/MyStackUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.baeldung.genericarrays;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class MyStackUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenStackWithTwoItems_whenPop_thenReturnLastAdded() {
+ MyStack myStack = new MyStack<>(String.class, 2);
+ myStack.push("hello");
+ myStack.push("example");
+
+ assertEquals("example", myStack.pop());
+ }
+
+ @Test (expected = RuntimeException.class)
+ public void givenStackWithFixedCapacity_whenExceedCapacity_thenThrowException() {
+ MyStack myStack = new MyStack<>(Integer.class, 2);
+ myStack.push(100);
+ myStack.push(200);
+ myStack.push(300);
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
+ public void givenStack_whenPopOnEmptyStack_thenThrowException() {
+ MyStack myStack = new MyStack<>(Integer.class, 1);
+ myStack.push(100);
+ myStack.pop();
+ myStack.pop();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenStackWithItems_whenGetAllElements_thenSizeShouldEqualTotal() {
+ MyStack myStack = new MyStack<>(String.class, 2);
+ myStack.push("hello");
+ myStack.push("example");
+
+ String[] items = myStack.getAllElements();
+
+ assertEquals(2, items.length);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/test/java/com/baeldung/genericarrays/StreamToArrayUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/test/java/com/baeldung/genericarrays/StreamToArrayUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5dea901b25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-guides/src/test/java/com/baeldung/genericarrays/StreamToArrayUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package com.baeldung.genericarrays;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.function.IntFunction;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+
+public class StreamToArrayUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenAStream_thenCanGetArrayOfObject() {
+ Object[] strings = Stream.of("A", "AAA", "B", "AAB", "C")
+ .filter(string -> string.startsWith("A"))
+ .toArray();
+
+ assertThat(strings).containsExactly("A", "AAA", "AAB");
+ assertThat(strings).isNotInstanceOf(String[].class);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenAStream_thenCanGetArrayOfString() {
+ String[] strings = Stream.of("A", "AAA", "B", "AAB", "C")
+ .filter(string -> string.startsWith("A"))
+ .toArray(String[]::new);
+
+ assertThat(strings).containsExactly("A", "AAA", "AAB");
+ assertThat(strings).isInstanceOf(String[].class);
+ }
+
+ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+ @Test
+ public void givenAStream_whenConvertToOptional_thenCanGetArrayOfOptional() {
+ Stream> stream = Stream.of("A", "AAA", "B", "AAB", "C")
+ .filter(string -> string.startsWith("A"))
+ .map(Optional::of);
+ Optional[] strings = stream
+ .toArray(Optional[]::new);
+
+ assertThat(strings).containsExactly(Optional.of("A"),
+ Optional.of("AAA"),
+ Optional.of("AAB"));
+ assertThat(strings).isInstanceOf(Optional[].class);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenAStream_whenConvertToOptional_thenCanGetArrayOfOptionalWithHelper() {
+ Optional[] strings = Stream.of("A", "AAA", "B", "AAB", "C")
+ .filter(string -> string.startsWith("A"))
+ .map(Optional::of)
+ .toArray(genericArray(Optional[]::new));
+
+ assertThat(strings).containsExactly(Optional.of("A"),
+ Optional.of("AAA"),
+ Optional.of("AAB"));
+ assertThat(strings).isInstanceOf(Optional[].class);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenInvalidUseOfGenericArray_thenIllegalCast() {
+ assertThatThrownBy(() -> {
+ ArrayList[] lists = Stream.of(singletonList("A"))
+ .toArray(genericArray(List[]::new));
+ }).isInstanceOf(ClassCastException.class);
+ }
+
+ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+ private static IntFunction genericArray(IntFunction arrayCreator) {
+ return size -> (R[])arrayCreator.apply(size);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/README.md
index af0c00641a..c8ec3e74bc 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/README.md
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
This module contains articles about advanced operations on arrays in Java. They assume some background knowledge with arrays in Java.
### Relevant Articles:
+
- [How to Copy an Array in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-array-copy)
- [Arrays.deepEquals](https://www.baeldung.com/java-arrays-deepequals)
- [Find Sum and Average in a Java Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-array-sum-average)
- [Intersection Between two Integer Arrays](https://www.baeldung.com/java-array-intersection)
+- [Comparing Arrays in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-comparing-arrays)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/pom.xml
index d73fdcee28..c7ea09c616 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/pom.xml
@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@
- 3.9
-
3.10.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/main/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/Plane.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/main/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/Plane.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1731578b76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/main/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/Plane.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.baeldung.arraycompare;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class Plane {
+
+ private final String name;
+
+ private final String model;
+
+ public Plane(String name, String model) {
+
+ this.name = name;
+ this.model = model;
+ }
+
+ public String getName() {
+ return name;
+ }
+
+ public String getModel() {
+ return model;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean equals(Object o) {
+ if (this == o)
+ return true;
+ if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
+ return false;
+ Plane plane = (Plane) o;
+ return Objects.equals(name, plane.name) && Objects.equals(model, plane.model);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int hashCode() {
+ return Objects.hash(name, model);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/main/java/com/baeldung/arrayconcat/ArrayConcatUtil.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/main/java/com/baeldung/arrayconcat/ArrayConcatUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15ac48ea7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/main/java/com/baeldung/arrayconcat/ArrayConcatUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package com.baeldung.arrayconcat;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+public class ArrayConcatUtil {
+ private ArrayConcatUtil() {}
+
+ static T[] concatWithCollection(T[] array1, T[] array2) {
+ List resultList = new ArrayList<>(array1.length + array2.length);
+ Collections.addAll(resultList, array1);
+ Collections.addAll(resultList, array2);
+
+ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+ //the type cast is safe as the array1 has the type T[]
+ T[] resultArray = (T[]) Array.newInstance(array1.getClass().getComponentType(), 0);
+ return resultList.toArray(resultArray);
+ }
+
+ static T[] concatWithArrayCopy(T[] array1, T[] array2) {
+ T[] result = Arrays.copyOf(array1, array1.length + array2.length);
+ System.arraycopy(array2, 0, result, array1.length, array2.length);
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ static T concatWithCopy2(T array1, T array2) {
+ if (!array1.getClass().isArray() || !array2.getClass().isArray()) {
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only arrays are accepted.");
+ }
+
+ Class compType1 = array1.getClass().getComponentType();
+ Class compType2 = array2.getClass().getComponentType();
+
+ if (!compType1.equals(compType2)) {
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("Two arrays have different types.");
+ }
+
+ int len1 = Array.getLength(array1);
+ int len2 = Array.getLength(array2);
+
+ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+ //the cast is safe due to the previous checks
+ T result = (T) Array.newInstance(compType1, len1 + len2);
+
+ System.arraycopy(array1, 0, result, 0, len1);
+ System.arraycopy(array2, 0, result, len1, len2);
+
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+ static T[] concatWithStream(T[] array1, T[] array2) {
+ return Stream.concat(Arrays.stream(array1), Arrays.stream(array2))
+ .toArray(size -> (T[]) Array.newInstance(array1.getClass().getComponentType(), size));
+ }
+
+ static int[] concatIntArraysWithIntStream(int[] array1, int[] array2) {
+ return IntStream.concat(Arrays.stream(array1), Arrays.stream(array2)).toArray();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/DeepEqualsCompareUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/DeepEqualsCompareUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c8ebafb26b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/DeepEqualsCompareUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.arraycompare;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class DeepEqualsCompareUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSameContents_whenDeepEquals_thenTrue() {
+ final Plane[][] planes1 = new Plane[][] { new Plane[] { new Plane("Plane 1", "A320") },
+ new Plane[] { new Plane("Plane 2", "B738") } };
+ final Plane[][] planes2 = new Plane[][] { new Plane[] { new Plane("Plane 1", "A320") },
+ new Plane[] { new Plane("Plane 2", "B738") } };
+
+ assertThat(Arrays.deepEquals(planes1, planes2)).isTrue();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSameContentsWithDifferentOrder_whenDeepEquals_thenFalse() {
+ final Plane[][] planes1 = new Plane[][] { new Plane[] { new Plane("Plane 1", "A320") },
+ new Plane[] { new Plane("Plane 2", "B738") } };
+ final Plane[][] planes2 = new Plane[][] { new Plane[] { new Plane("Plane 2", "B738") },
+ new Plane[] { new Plane("Plane 1", "A320") } };
+
+ assertThat(Arrays.deepEquals(planes1, planes2)).isFalse();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/EqualsCompareUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/EqualsCompareUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a022bf7082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/EqualsCompareUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.arraycompare;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class EqualsCompareUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSameContents_whenEquals_thenTrue() {
+ final String[] planes1 = new String[] { "A320", "B738", "A321", "A319", "B77W", "B737", "A333", "A332" };
+ final String[] planes2 = new String[] { "A320", "B738", "A321", "A319", "B77W", "B737", "A333", "A332" };
+
+ assertThat(Arrays.equals(planes1, planes2)).isTrue();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSameContentsDifferentOrder_whenEquals_thenFalse() {
+ final String[] planes1 = new String[] { "A320", "B738", "A321", "A319", "B77W", "B737", "A333", "A332" };
+ final String[] planes2 = new String[] { "B738", "A320", "A321", "A319", "B77W", "B737", "A333", "A332" };
+
+ assertThat(Arrays.equals(planes1, planes2)).isFalse();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/LengthsCompareUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/LengthsCompareUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23187b827c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/LengthsCompareUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.arraycompare;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class LengthsCompareUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSameContent_whenSizeCompare_thenTrue() {
+ final String[] planes1 = new String[] { "A320", "B738", "A321", "A319", "B77W", "B737", "A333", "A332" };
+ final Integer[] quantities = new Integer[] { 10, 12, 34, 45, 12, 43, 5, 2 };
+
+ assertThat(planes1).hasSize(8);
+ assertThat(quantities).hasSize(8);
+ }
+}
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/OrderCompareUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/OrderCompareUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dd7964020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/OrderCompareUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.arraycompare;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class OrderCompareUnitTest {
+ @Test
+ public void givenSameContentDifferentOrder_whenSortedAndDeepEquals_thenTrue() {
+ final Plane[][] planes1 = new Plane[][] {
+ new Plane[] { new Plane("Plane 1", "A320"), new Plane("Plane 2", "B738") } };
+ final Plane[][] planes2 = new Plane[][] {
+ new Plane[] { new Plane("Plane 2", "B738"), new Plane("Plane 1", "A320") } };
+
+ Comparator planeComparator = (o1, o2) -> {
+ if (o1.getName()
+ .equals(o2.getName())) {
+ return o2.getModel()
+ .compareTo(o1.getModel());
+ }
+ return o2.getName()
+ .compareTo(o1.getName());
+ };
+ Arrays.sort(planes1[0], planeComparator);
+ Arrays.sort(planes2[0], planeComparator);
+
+ assertThat(Arrays.deepEquals(planes1, planes2)).isTrue();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/ReferenceCompareUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/ReferenceCompareUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8072a98e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arraycompare/ReferenceCompareUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.arraycompare;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class ReferenceCompareUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSameReferences_whenSame_thenTrue() {
+ final String[] planes1 = new String[] { "A320", "B738", "A321", "A319", "B77W", "B737", "A333", "A332" };
+ final String[] planes2 = planes1;
+
+ assertThat(planes1).isSameAs(planes2);
+
+ planes2[0] = "747";
+
+ assertThat(planes1).isSameAs(planes2);
+ assertThat(planes2[0]).isEqualTo("747");
+ assertThat(planes1[0]).isEqualTo("747");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSameContentDifferentReferences_whenSame_thenFalse() {
+ final String[] planes1 = new String[] { "A320", "B738", "A321", "A319", "B77W", "B737", "A333", "A332" };
+ final String[] planes2 = new String[] { "A320", "B738", "A321", "A319", "B77W", "B737", "A333", "A332" };
+
+ assertThat(planes1).isNotSameAs(planes2);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arrayconcat/ArrayConcatUtilUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arrayconcat/ArrayConcatUtilUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77c368d763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-advanced/src/test/java/com/baeldung/arrayconcat/ArrayConcatUtilUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package com.baeldung.arrayconcat;
+
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ObjectArrays;
+import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.fail;
+
+public class ArrayConcatUtilUnitTest {
+ private final String[] strArray1 = { "element 1", "element 2", "element 3" };
+ private final String[] strArray2 = { "element 4", "element 5" };
+ private final String[] expectedStringArray = { "element 1", "element 2", "element 3", "element 4", "element 5" };
+
+ private final int[] intArray1 = { 0, 1, 2, 3 };
+ private final int[] intArray2 = { 4, 5, 6, 7 };
+ private final int[] expectedIntArray = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoStringArrays_whenConcatWithList_thenGetExpectedResult() {
+ String[] result = ArrayConcatUtil.concatWithCollection(strArray1, strArray2);
+ assertThat(result).isEqualTo(expectedStringArray);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoStringArrays_whenConcatWithCopy_thenGetExpectedResult() {
+ String[] result = ArrayConcatUtil.concatWithArrayCopy(strArray1, strArray2);
+ assertThat(result).isEqualTo(expectedStringArray);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoStrings_whenConcatWithCopy2_thenGetException() {
+ String exMsg = "Only arrays are accepted.";
+ try {
+ ArrayConcatUtil.concatWithCopy2("String Nr. 1", "String Nr. 2");
+ fail(String.format("IllegalArgumentException with message:'%s' should be thrown. But it didn't", exMsg));
+ } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+ assertThat(e).hasMessage(exMsg);
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoArraysInDifferentTypes_whenConcatWithCopy2_thenGetException() {
+ String[] strArray = new String[] { "test 1", "test 2" };
+ Integer[] integerArray = new Integer[] { 7, 11 };
+ String exMsg = "Two arrays have different types.";
+
+ try {
+ ArrayConcatUtil.concatWithCopy2(strArray, integerArray);
+ fail(String.format("IllegalArgumentException with message:'%s' should be thrown. But it didn't", exMsg));
+ } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+ assertThat(e).hasMessage(exMsg);
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoArrays_whenConcatWithCopy2_thenGetExpectedResult() {
+ String[] result = ArrayConcatUtil.concatWithCopy2(strArray1, strArray2);
+ assertThat(result).isEqualTo(expectedStringArray);
+
+ int[] intResult = ArrayConcatUtil.concatWithCopy2(intArray1, intArray2);
+ assertThat(intResult).isEqualTo(expectedIntArray);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoStringArrays_whenConcatWithStream_thenGetExpectedResult() {
+ String[] result = ArrayConcatUtil.concatWithStream(strArray1, strArray2);
+ assertThat(result).isEqualTo(expectedStringArray);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoIntArrays_whenConcatWithIntStream_thenGetExpectedResult() {
+ int[] intResult = ArrayConcatUtil.concatIntArraysWithIntStream(intArray1, intArray2);
+ assertThat(intResult).isEqualTo(expectedIntArray);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoArrays_whenConcatWithCommonsLang_thenGetExpectedResult() {
+ String[] result = ArrayUtils.addAll(strArray1, strArray2);
+ assertThat(result).isEqualTo(expectedStringArray);
+
+ int[] intResult = ArrayUtils.addAll(intArray1, intArray2);
+ assertThat(intResult).isEqualTo(expectedIntArray);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoStringArrays_whenConcatWithGuava_thenGetExpectedResult() {
+ String[] result = ObjectArrays.concat(strArray1, strArray2, String.class);
+ assertThat(result).isEqualTo(expectedStringArray);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoIntArrays_whenConcatWithGuava_thenGetExpectedResult() {
+ int[] intResult = Ints.concat(intArray1, intArray2);
+ assertThat(intResult).isEqualTo(expectedIntArray);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-basic/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-basic/pom.xml
index 64856d9b39..9157d9deb9 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-basic/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-operations-basic/pom.xml
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@
org.openjdk.jmhjmh-core
- ${jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-core.version}org.openjdk.jmhjmh-generator-annprocess
- ${jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-generator.version}
@@ -68,11 +68,6 @@
3.2.0
-
- 3.9
-
- 1.19
-
3.10.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-sorting/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-sorting/pom.xml
index 9b307870a1..610582260b 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-sorting/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-arrays-sorting/pom.xml
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@
org.openjdk.jmhjmh-core
- ${jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-core.version}org.openjdk.jmhjmh-generator-annprocess
- ${jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-generator.version}
@@ -76,12 +76,7 @@
3.2.0
-
- 3.928.2-jre
-
- 1.19
-
3.10.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-char/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-char/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f33aa6914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-char/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+## Core Java Character
+
+This module contains articles about Java Character Class
+
+### Relevant Articles:
+- [Character#isAlphabetic vs. Character#isLetter](https://www.baeldung.com/java-character-isletter-isalphabetic)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-char/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-char/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..078a829e00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-char/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ core-java-char
+ 0.1.0-SNAPSHOT
+ core-java-char
+ jar
+
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ core-java-modules
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+ ../
+
+
+
+
+ org.assertj
+ assertj-core
+ ${assertj.version}
+ test
+
+
+ org.openjdk.jmh
+ jmh-core
+ ${jmh-core.version}
+
+
+ org.openjdk.jmh
+ jmh-generator-annprocess
+ ${jmh-generator.version}
+
+
+
+
+ 3.11.1
+
+
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-char/src/test/java/com/baeldung/character/CharacterGeneralCategoryTypeUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-char/src/test/java/com/baeldung/character/CharacterGeneralCategoryTypeUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fab13df45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-char/src/test/java/com/baeldung/character/CharacterGeneralCategoryTypeUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.baeldung.character;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class CharacterGeneralCategoryTypeUnitTest {
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenUpperCaseLetter_thenAssertTrue() {
+ assertEquals(Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER, Character.getType('U'));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenLowerCaseLetter_thenAssertTrue() {
+ assertEquals(Character.LOWERCASE_LETTER, Character.getType('u'));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenTitleCaseLetter_thenAssertTrue() {
+ assertEquals(Character.TITLECASE_LETTER, Character.getType('\u01f2'));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenModifierLetter_thenAssertTrue() {
+ assertEquals(Character.MODIFIER_LETTER, Character.getType('\u02b0'));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenOtherLetter_thenAssertTrue() {
+ assertEquals(Character.OTHER_LETTER, Character.getType('\u05d0'));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenLetterNumber_thenAssertTrue() {
+ assertEquals(Character.LETTER_NUMBER, Character.getType('\u2164'));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-char/src/test/java/com/baeldung/character/IsLetterOrAlphabetUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-char/src/test/java/com/baeldung/character/IsLetterOrAlphabetUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3de3a16e6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-char/src/test/java/com/baeldung/character/IsLetterOrAlphabetUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.baeldung.character;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+
+public class IsLetterOrAlphabetUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenUpperCaseLetter_thenAssertIsAlphabeticTrue() {
+ assertTrue(Character.isAlphabetic('A'));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenTitleCaseLetter_thenAssertIsAlphabeticTrue() {
+ assertTrue(Character.isAlphabetic('\u01f2'));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenLowerCaseLetter_thenAssertIsLetterTrue() {
+ assertTrue(Character.isAlphabetic('a'));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenModifierLetter_thenAssertIsLetterTrue() {
+ assertTrue(Character.isAlphabetic('\u02b0'));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenLetter_thenAssertIsLetterTrue() {
+ assertTrue(Character.isLetter('a'));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenLetter_thenAssertIsAlphabeticTrue() {
+ assertTrue(Character.isAlphabetic('a'));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenAlphabeticAndNotLetter_thenAssertIsLetterFalse() {
+ assertFalse(Character.isLetter('\u2164'));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenACharacter_whenAlphabeticAndNotLetter_thenAssertIsAlphabeticTrue() {
+ assertTrue(Character.isAlphabetic('\u2164'));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/sorting/JavaSortingUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/sorting/JavaSortingUnitTest.java
index 2505adcea7..d474e95cb2 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/sorting/JavaSortingUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/sorting/JavaSortingUnitTest.java
@@ -5,7 +5,16 @@ import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
@@ -138,7 +147,7 @@ public class JavaSortingUnitTest {
HashSet descSortedIntegersSet = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(255, 200, 123, 89, 88, 66, 7, 5, 1));
ArrayList list = new ArrayList<>(integersSet);
- list.sort((i1, i2) -> i2 - i1);
+ list.sort(Comparator.reverseOrder());
integersSet = new LinkedHashSet<>(list);
assertTrue(Arrays.equals(integersSet.toArray(), descSortedIntegersSet.toArray()));
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/README.md
index fb983d9abc..6bc9139856 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/README.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
## Core Java Collections Cookbooks and Examples
### Relevant Articles:
+
- [Time Comparison of Arrays.sort(Object[]) and Arrays.sort(int[])](https://www.baeldung.com/arrays-sortobject-vs-sortint)
- [Java ArrayList vs Vector](https://www.baeldung.com/java-arraylist-vs-vector)
- [Differences Between HashMap and Hashtable](https://www.baeldung.com/hashmap-hashtable-differences)
@@ -10,3 +11,7 @@
- [Performance of contains() in a HashSet vs ArrayList](https://www.baeldung.com/java-hashset-arraylist-contains-performance)
- [Fail-Safe Iterator vs Fail-Fast Iterator](https://www.baeldung.com/java-fail-safe-vs-fail-fast-iterator)
- [Quick Guide to the Java Stack](https://www.baeldung.com/java-stack)
+- [Convert an Array of Primitives to a List](https://www.baeldung.com/java-primitive-array-to-list)
+- [A Guide to BitSet in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-bitset)
+- [Get the First Key and Value From a HashMap](https://www.baeldung.com/java-hashmap-get-first-entry)
+- [Performance of removeAll() in a HashSet](https://www.baeldung.com/java-hashset-removeall-performance)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/pom.xml
index b206cd61d2..aa04d1cb24 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/pom.xml
@@ -16,10 +16,15 @@
+
+ org.openjdk.jol
+ jol-core
+ ${jol-core.version}
+ org.openjdk.jmhjmh-core
- ${openjdk.jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-core.version}org.assertj
@@ -30,13 +35,13 @@
org.apache.commonscommons-lang3
- 3.10
+ ${commons-lang3.version}
- 1.193.11.1
+ 0.10
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/collections/removeallperformance/HashSetBenchmark.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/collections/removeallperformance/HashSetBenchmark.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f784de26d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/collections/removeallperformance/HashSetBenchmark.java
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.removeallperformance;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Level;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Setup;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Warmup;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.Runner;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.Options;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.OptionsBuilder;
+
+import com.baeldung.collections.containsperformance.Employee;
+
+@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+@Warmup(iterations = 5)
+public class HashSetBenchmark {
+
+ @State(Scope.Thread)
+ public static class MyState {
+ private Set employeeSet1 = new HashSet<>();
+ private List employeeList1 = new ArrayList<>();
+ private Set employeeSet2 = new HashSet<>();
+ private List employeeList2 = new ArrayList<>();
+ private Set employeeSet3 = new HashSet<>();
+ private Set employeeSet4 = new HashSet<>();
+
+ private long set1Size = 60000;
+ private long list1Size = 50000;
+ private long set2Size = 50000;
+ private long list2Size = 60000;
+ private long set3Size = 50000;
+ private long set4Size = 60000;
+
+ @Setup(Level.Trial)
+ public void setUp() {
+
+ for (long i = 0; i < set1Size; i++) {
+ employeeSet1.add(new Employee(i, RandomStringUtils.random(7, true, false)));
+ }
+
+ for (long i = 0; i < list1Size; i++) {
+ employeeList1.add(new Employee(i, RandomStringUtils.random(7, true, false)));
+ }
+
+ for (long i = 0; i < set2Size; i++) {
+ employeeSet2.add(new Employee(i, RandomStringUtils.random(7, true, false)));
+ }
+
+ for (long i = 0; i < list2Size; i++) {
+ employeeList2.add(new Employee(i, RandomStringUtils.random(7, true, false)));
+ }
+
+ for (long i = 0; i < set3Size; i++) {
+ employeeSet3.add(new Employee(i, RandomStringUtils.random(7, true, false)));
+ }
+
+ for (long i = 0; i < set4Size; i++) {
+ employeeSet4.add(new Employee(i, RandomStringUtils.random(7, true, false)));
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ @Benchmark
+ public boolean given_SizeOfHashsetGreaterThanSizeOfCollection_When_RemoveAllFromHashSet_Then_GoodPerformance(MyState state) {
+ return state.employeeSet1.removeAll(state.employeeList1);
+ }
+
+ @Benchmark
+ public boolean given_SizeOfHashsetSmallerThanSizeOfCollection_When_RemoveAllFromHashSet_Then_BadPerformance(MyState state) {
+ return state.employeeSet2.removeAll(state.employeeList2);
+ }
+
+ @Benchmark
+ public boolean given_SizeOfHashsetSmallerThanSizeOfAnotherHashSet_When_RemoveAllFromHashSet_Then_GoodPerformance(MyState state) {
+ return state.employeeSet3.removeAll(state.employeeSet4);
+ }
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+ Options options = new OptionsBuilder().include(HashSetBenchmark.class.getSimpleName())
+ .threads(1)
+ .forks(1)
+ .shouldFailOnError(true)
+ .shouldDoGC(true)
+ .jvmArgs("-server")
+ .build();
+ new Runner(options).run();
+ }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/bitset/BitSetUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/bitset/BitSetUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9340f45c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/bitset/BitSetUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.bitset;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.openjdk.jol.info.ClassLayout;
+import org.openjdk.jol.info.GraphLayout;
+
+import java.util.BitSet;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class BitSetUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenBoolArray_whenMemoryLayout_thenConsumeMoreThanOneBit() {
+ boolean[] bits = new boolean[1024 * 1024];
+
+ System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(bits).toPrintable());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenBitSet_whenMemoryLayout_thenConsumeOneBitPerFlag() {
+ BitSet bitSet = new BitSet(1024 * 1024);
+
+ System.out.println(GraphLayout.parseInstance(bitSet).toPrintable());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenBitSet_whenSetting_thenShouldBeTrue() {
+ BitSet bitSet = new BitSet();
+
+ bitSet.set(10);
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(10)).isTrue();
+
+ bitSet.set(20, 30);
+ for (int i = 20; i <= 29; i++) {
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(i)).isTrue();
+ }
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(30)).isFalse();
+
+ bitSet.set(10, false);
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(10)).isFalse();
+
+ bitSet.set(20, 30, false);
+ for (int i = 20; i <= 30; i++) {
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(i)).isFalse();
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenBitSet_whenClearing_thenShouldBeFalse() {
+ BitSet bitSet = new BitSet();
+ bitSet.set(42);
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(42)).isTrue();
+
+ bitSet.clear(42);
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(42)).isFalse();
+
+ bitSet.set(10, 20);
+ for (int i = 10; i < 20; i++) {
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(i)).isTrue();
+ }
+
+ bitSet.clear(10, 20);
+ for (int i = 10; i < 20; i++) {
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(i)).isFalse();
+ }
+
+ bitSet.set(10, 20);
+ bitSet.clear();
+ for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(i)).isFalse();
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenBitSet_whenGettingElements_thenShouldReturnRequestedBits() {
+ BitSet bitSet = new BitSet();
+ bitSet.set(42);
+
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(42)).isTrue();
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(43)).isFalse();
+
+ bitSet.set(10, 20);
+ BitSet newBitSet = bitSet.get(10, 20);
+ for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+ assertThat(newBitSet.get(i)).isTrue();
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenBitSet_whenFlip_thenTogglesTrueToFalseAndViceVersa() {
+ BitSet bitSet = new BitSet();
+ bitSet.set(42);
+ bitSet.flip(42);
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(42)).isFalse();
+
+ bitSet.flip(12);
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(12)).isTrue();
+
+ bitSet.flip(30, 40);
+ for (int i = 30; i < 40; i++) {
+ assertThat(bitSet.get(i)).isTrue();
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenBitSet_whenGettingTheSize_thenReturnsTheSize() {
+ BitSet defaultBitSet = new BitSet();
+ assertThat(defaultBitSet.size()).isEqualTo(64);
+
+ BitSet bitSet = new BitSet(1024);
+ assertThat(bitSet.size()).isEqualTo(1024);
+
+ assertThat(bitSet.cardinality()).isEqualTo(0);
+ bitSet.set(10, 30);
+ assertThat(bitSet.cardinality()).isEqualTo(30 - 10);
+
+ assertThat(bitSet.length()).isEqualTo(30);
+ bitSet.set(100);
+ assertThat(bitSet.length()).isEqualTo(101);
+
+ assertThat(bitSet.isEmpty()).isFalse();
+ bitSet.clear();
+ assertThat(bitSet.isEmpty()).isTrue();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenBitSet_whenSetOperations_thenShouldReturnAnotherBitSet() {
+ BitSet first = new BitSet();
+ first.set(5, 10);
+
+ BitSet second = new BitSet();
+ second.set(7, 15);
+
+ assertThat(first.intersects(second)).isTrue();
+
+ first.and(second);
+ assertThat(first.get(7)).isTrue();
+ assertThat(first.get(8)).isTrue();
+ assertThat(first.get(9)).isTrue();
+ assertThat(first.get(10)).isFalse();
+
+ first.clear();
+ first.set(5, 10);
+
+ first.xor(second);
+ for (int i = 5; i < 7; i++) {
+ assertThat(first.get(i)).isTrue();
+ }
+ for (int i = 10; i < 15; i++) {
+ assertThat(first.get(i)).isTrue();
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenBitSet_whenStream_thenStreamsAllSetBits() {
+ BitSet bitSet = new BitSet();
+ bitSet.set(15, 25);
+
+ bitSet.stream().forEach(System.out::println);
+ assertThat(bitSet.stream().count()).isEqualTo(10);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenBitSet_whenNextOrPrev_thenReturnsTheNextOrPrevClearOrSetBit() {
+ BitSet bitSet = new BitSet();
+ bitSet.set(15, 25);
+
+ assertThat(bitSet.nextSetBit(13)).isEqualTo(15);
+ assertThat(bitSet.nextSetBit(25)).isEqualTo(-1);
+
+ assertThat(bitSet.nextClearBit(23)).isEqualTo(25);
+
+ assertThat(bitSet.previousClearBit(24)).isEqualTo(14);
+ assertThat(bitSet.previousSetBit(29)).isEqualTo(24);
+ assertThat(bitSet.previousSetBit(14)).isEqualTo(-1);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/hashset/HashSetUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/hashset/HashSetUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c23538675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/hashset/HashSetUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.hashset;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class HashSetUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void whenRemoveAllFromHashset_thenRemovesAllElementsFromHashsetThatArePresentInCollection() {
+ Set set = new HashSet<>();
+ Collection collection = new ArrayList<>();
+ set.add(1);
+ set.add(2);
+ set.add(3);
+ set.add(4);
+ collection.add(1);
+ collection.add(3);
+
+ set.removeAll(collection);
+
+ assertEquals(2, set.size());
+ Integer[] actualElements = new Integer[set.size()];
+ Integer[] expectedElements = new Integer[] { 2, 4 };
+ assertArrayEquals(expectedElements, set.toArray(actualElements));
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/mapfirstpair/MapFirstPairUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/mapfirstpair/MapFirstPairUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8272e7323a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/mapfirstpair/MapFirstPairUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.mapfirstpair;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class MapFirstPairUnitTest {
+
+ private Map.Entry getFirstPairUsingIterator(Map map) {
+ if (map == null || map.size() == 0) {
+ return null;
+ }
+
+ Iterator> iterator = map.entrySet()
+ .iterator();
+
+ if (iterator.hasNext()) {
+ return iterator.next();
+ }
+
+ return null;
+ }
+
+ private Map.Entry getFirstPairUsingStream(Map map) {
+ if (map == null || map.size() == 0) {
+ return null;
+ }
+
+ Set> entrySet = map.entrySet();
+
+ return entrySet.stream()
+ .findFirst()
+ .get();
+ }
+
+ private Map populateMapValues(Map map) {
+ if (map != null) {
+ map.put(5, "A");
+ map.put(1, "B");
+ map.put(2, "C");
+ }
+ return map;
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenUsingIteratorForHashMap_thenFirstPairWhichWasNotInsertedFirst() {
+ Map hashMap = new HashMap<>();
+ hashMap = populateMapValues(hashMap);
+
+ Map.Entry actualValue = getFirstPairUsingIterator(hashMap);
+ Map.Entry expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry(1, "B");
+ Map.Entry pairInsertedFirst = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry(5, "A");
+
+ assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+ assertNotEquals(pairInsertedFirst, actualValue);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenUsingStreamForHashMap_thenFirstPairWhichWasNotInsertedFirst() {
+ Map hashMap = new HashMap<>();
+ hashMap = populateMapValues(hashMap);
+ Map.Entry actualValue = getFirstPairUsingStream(hashMap);
+ Map.Entry expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry(1, "B");
+ Map.Entry pairInsertedFirst = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry(5, "A");
+
+ assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+ assertNotEquals(pairInsertedFirst, actualValue);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenUsingIteratorForLinkedHashMap_thenFirstPairWhichWasInsertedFirst() {
+ Map linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+ linkedHashMap = populateMapValues(linkedHashMap);
+ Map.Entry actualValue = getFirstPairUsingIterator(linkedHashMap);
+ Map.Entry expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry(5, "A");
+
+ assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenUsingStreamForLinkedHashMap_thenFirstPairWhichWasInsertedFirst() {
+ Map linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+ linkedHashMap = populateMapValues(linkedHashMap);
+
+ Map.Entry actualValue = getFirstPairUsingStream(linkedHashMap);
+ Map.Entry expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry(5, "A");
+
+ assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenAddedAnElementInHashMap_thenFirstPairChangedUsingIterator() {
+ Map hashMap = new HashMap<>();
+ hashMap = populateMapValues(hashMap);
+
+ hashMap.put(0, "D");
+ Map.Entry actualValue = getFirstPairUsingIterator(hashMap);
+ Map.Entry expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry(0, "D");
+
+ assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenAddedAnElementInHashMap_thenFirstPairChangedUsingStream() {
+ Map hashMap = new HashMap<>();
+ hashMap = populateMapValues(hashMap);
+
+ hashMap.put(0, "D");
+ Map.Entry actualValue = getFirstPairUsingStream(hashMap);
+ Map.Entry expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry(0, "D");
+
+ assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenAddedAnElementInLinkedHashMap_thenFirstPairRemainUnchangedUsingIterator() {
+ Map linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+ linkedHashMap = populateMapValues(linkedHashMap);
+
+ linkedHashMap.put(0, "D");
+ Map.Entry actualValue = getFirstPairUsingIterator(linkedHashMap);
+ Map.Entry expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry(5, "A");
+
+ assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenAddedAnElementInLinkedHashMap_thenFirstPairRemainUnchangedUsingStream() {
+ Map linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+ linkedHashMap = populateMapValues(linkedHashMap);
+
+ linkedHashMap.put(0, "D");
+ Map.Entry actualValue = getFirstPairUsingStream(linkedHashMap);
+ Map.Entry expectedValue = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry(5, "A");
+
+ assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fd77473d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+=========
+
+## Core Java Collections Cookbooks and Examples
+
+### Relevant Articles:
+
+- [ArrayList vs. LinkedList vs. HashMap in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-arraylist-vs-linkedlist-vs-hashmap)
+- [Java Deque vs. Stack](https://www.baeldung.com/java-deque-vs-stack)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b4f8aa6320
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ core-java-collections-4
+ 0.1.0-SNAPSHOT
+ core-java-collections-4
+ jar
+
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ core-java-modules
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+ ../pom.xml
+
+
+
+
+ org.assertj
+ assertj-core
+ ${assertj.version}
+ test
+
+
+
+
+ 3.19.0
+
+
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/collections/dequestack/ArrayLifoStack.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/collections/dequestack/ArrayLifoStack.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16fdec5b77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/collections/dequestack/ArrayLifoStack.java
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.dequestack;
+
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+public class ArrayLifoStack implements LifoStack {
+ private final Deque deque = new ArrayDeque<>();
+
+ @Override
+ public void push(E item) {
+ deque.addFirst(item);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public E pop() {
+ return deque.removeFirst();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public E peek() {
+ return deque.peekFirst();
+ }
+
+ // implementing methods from the Collection interface
+ @Override
+ public int size() {
+ return deque.size();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean isEmpty() {
+ return deque.isEmpty();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean contains(Object o) {
+ return deque.contains(o);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public Iterator iterator() {
+ return deque.iterator();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public Object[] toArray() {
+ return deque.toArray();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public T[] toArray(T[] a) {
+ return deque.toArray(a);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean add(E e) {
+ return deque.add(e);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean remove(Object o) {
+ return deque.remove(o);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean containsAll(Collection c) {
+ return deque.containsAll(c);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean addAll(Collection c) {
+ return deque.addAll(c);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean removeAll(Collection c) {
+ return deque.removeAll(c);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean retainAll(Collection c) {
+ return deque.retainAll(c);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void clear() {
+ deque.clear();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/collections/dequestack/LifoStack.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/collections/dequestack/LifoStack.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11e07e3555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/collections/dequestack/LifoStack.java
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.dequestack;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+public interface LifoStack extends Collection {
+
+ E peek();
+
+ E pop();
+
+ void push(E item);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/comparation/ArrayListUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/comparation/ArrayListUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc6a07d274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/comparation/ArrayListUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.comparation;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class ArrayListUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void givenArrayList_whenItemAddedToSpecificIndex_thenItCanBeRetrieved() {
+ List list = new ArrayList<>();
+ list.add("Daniel");
+ list.add(0, "Marko");
+ assertThat(list).hasSize(2);
+ assertThat(list.get(0)).isEqualTo("Marko");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenArrayList_whenItemRemovedViaIndex_thenListSizeIsReduced() {
+ List list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("Daniel", "Marko"));
+ list.remove(1);
+ assertThat(list).hasSize(1);
+ assertThat(list).doesNotContain("Marko");
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/comparation/HashMapUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/comparation/HashMapUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b595472e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/comparation/HashMapUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.comparation;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class HashMapUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void givenHashMap_whenItemAddedByKey_thenItCanBeRetrieved() {
+ Map map = new HashMap<>();
+ map.put("123456", "Daniel");
+ map.put("654321", "Marko");
+ assertThat(map.get("654321")).isEqualTo("Marko");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenHashMap_whenItemRemovedByKey_thenMapSizeIsReduced() {
+ Map map = new HashMap<>();
+ map.put("123456", "Daniel");
+ map.put("654321", "Marko");
+ map.remove("654321");
+ assertThat(map).hasSize(1);
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/comparation/LinkedListUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/comparation/LinkedListUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa6b7fa923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/comparation/LinkedListUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.comparation;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class LinkedListUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void givenLinkedList_whenItemIsAppended_thenItCanBeRetrieved() {
+ LinkedList list = new LinkedList<>();
+ list.addLast("Daniel");
+ list.addFirst("Marko");
+ assertThat(list).hasSize(2);
+ assertThat(list.getLast()).isEqualTo("Daniel");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenLinkedList_whenItemIsRemoved_thenListSizeIsReduced() {
+ LinkedList list = new LinkedList<>(Arrays.asList("Daniel", "Marko", "David"));
+ list.removeFirst();
+ list.removeLast();
+ assertThat(list).hasSize(1);
+ assertThat(list).containsExactly("Marko");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenLinkedList_whenItemInserted_thenItCanBeRetrievedAndDeleted() {
+ LinkedList list = new LinkedList<>();
+ list.push("Daniel");
+ list.push("Marko");
+ assertThat(list.poll()).isEqualTo("Marko");
+ assertThat(list).hasSize(1);
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/comparation/ListVsMapUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/comparation/ListVsMapUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd6bf760fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/comparation/ListVsMapUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.comparation;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+class ListVsMapUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void givenList_whenIteratingTroughValues_thenEachValueIsPresent() {
+ List list = new ArrayList<>();
+ list.add("Daniel");
+ list.add("Marko");
+ for (String name : list) {
+ assertThat(name).isIn(list);
+ }
+ assertThat(list).containsExactly("Daniel", "Marko");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenMap_whenIteratingTroughValues_thenEachValueIsPresent() {
+ Map map = new HashMap<>();
+ map.put(1, "Daniel");
+ map.put(2, "Marko");
+ for (String name : map.values()) {
+ assertThat(name).isIn(map.values());
+ }
+ assertThat(map.values()).containsExactlyInAnyOrder("Daniel", "Marko");
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/dequestack/StackVsDequeUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/dequestack/StackVsDequeUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca3b0e8d54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/dequestack/StackVsDequeUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package com.baeldung.collections.dequestack;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Stack;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+class StackVsDequeUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void givenAStack_whenAccessByIndex_thenElementCanBeRead() {
+ Stack myStack = new Stack<>();
+ myStack.push("I am the 1st element."); //index 0
+ myStack.push("I am the 2nd element."); //index 1
+ myStack.push("I am the 3rd element."); //index 2
+ //access by index
+ assertThat(myStack.get(0)).isEqualTo("I am the 1st element.");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenAStack_whenIterate_thenFromBottomToTop() {
+ Stack myStack = new Stack<>();
+ myStack.push("I am at the bottom.");
+ myStack.push("I am in the middle.");
+ myStack.push("I am at the top.");
+
+ Iterator it = myStack.iterator();
+
+ assertThat(it).toIterable().containsExactly(
+ "I am at the bottom.",
+ "I am in the middle.",
+ "I am at the top.");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenAStack_whenAddOrRemoveByIndex_thenElementCanBeAddedOrRemoved() {
+ Stack myStack = new Stack<>();
+ myStack.push("I am the 1st element.");
+ myStack.push("I am the 3rd element.");
+
+ assertThat(myStack.size()).isEqualTo(2);
+
+ //insert by index
+ myStack.add(1, "I am the 2nd element.");
+ assertThat(myStack.size()).isEqualTo(3);
+ assertThat(myStack.get(1)).isEqualTo("I am the 2nd element.");
+ //remove by index
+ myStack.remove(1);
+ assertThat(myStack.size()).isEqualTo(2);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenADeque_whenAddOrRemoveLastElement_thenTheLastElementCanBeAddedOrRemoved() {
+ Deque myStack = new ArrayDeque<>();
+ myStack.push("I am the 1st element.");
+ myStack.push("I am the 2nd element.");
+ myStack.push("I am the 3rd element.");
+
+ assertThat(myStack.size()).isEqualTo(3);
+
+ //insert element to the bottom of the stack
+ myStack.addLast("I am the NEW element.");
+ assertThat(myStack.size()).isEqualTo(4);
+ assertThat(myStack.peek()).isEqualTo("I am the 3rd element.");
+
+ //remove element from the bottom of the stack
+ String removedStr = myStack.removeLast();
+ assertThat(myStack.size()).isEqualTo(3);
+ assertThat(removedStr).isEqualTo("I am the NEW element.");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenADeque_whenIterate_thenFromTopToBottom() {
+ Deque myStack = new ArrayDeque<>();
+ myStack.push("I am at the bottom.");
+ myStack.push("I am in the middle.");
+ myStack.push("I am at the top.");
+
+ Iterator it = myStack.iterator();
+
+ assertThat(it).toIterable().containsExactly(
+ "I am at the top.",
+ "I am in the middle.",
+ "I am at the bottom.");
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-array-list/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-array-list/README.md
index 3637f835cf..d24f7492bb 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-array-list/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-array-list/README.md
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ This module contains articles about the Java ArrayList collection
- [ClassCastException: Arrays$ArrayList cannot be cast to ArrayList](https://www.baeldung.com/java-classcastexception-arrays-arraylist)
- [Multi Dimensional ArrayList in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-multi-dimensional-arraylist)
- [Removing an Element From an ArrayList](https://www.baeldung.com/java-arraylist-remove-element)
-
+- [The Capacity of an ArrayList vs the Size of an Array in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-list-capacity-array-size)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-array-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/listcapacityvsarraysize/ArrayCreatorUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-array-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/listcapacityvsarraysize/ArrayCreatorUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74c8b93872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-array-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/listcapacityvsarraysize/ArrayCreatorUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.listcapacityvsarraysize;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+class ArrayCreatorUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void whenSizeOfAnArrayIsNonZero_thenReturnNewArrayOfGivenSize() {
+ Integer[] array = new Integer[10];
+ assertEquals(10, array.length);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void whenSizeOfAnArrayIsLessThanZero_thenThrowException() {
+ assertThrows(NegativeArraySizeException.class, () -> { Integer[] array = new Integer[-1]; });
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-array-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/listcapacityvsarraysize/ArrayListCreatorUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-array-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/listcapacityvsarraysize/ArrayListCreatorUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62efe43af4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-array-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/listcapacityvsarraysize/ArrayListCreatorUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.listcapacityvsarraysize;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class ArrayListCreatorUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void givenValidCapacityOfList_whenCreateListInvoked_thenCreateNewArrayListWithGivenCapacity() {
+ ArrayList list = new ArrayList<>(100);
+
+ assertNotNull(list);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenInvalidCapacityOfList_whenCreateListInvoked_thenThrowException() {
+ assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new ArrayList<>(-1));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenValidCapacityOfList_whenCreateListInvoked_thenCreateNewArrayListWithSizeZero() {
+ assertEquals(0, new ArrayList(100).size());
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/README.md
index 65c377bd99..967e148a99 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/README.md
@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ This module contains articles about the Java List collection
- [Performance Comparison of Primitive Lists in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-list-primitive-performance)
- [Filtering a Java Collection by a List](https://www.baeldung.com/java-filter-collection-by-list)
- [How to Count Duplicate Elements in Arraylist](https://www.baeldung.com/java-count-duplicate-elements-arraylist)
+- [Finding the Differences Between Two Lists in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-lists-difference)
- [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-2)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/pom.xml
index 373190a130..d1d199ec3f 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/pom.xml
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@
commons-collections4${commons-collections4.version}
+
+ com.google.guava
+ guava
+ ${guava.version}
+ compile
+ org.assertjassertj-core
@@ -52,7 +58,7 @@
org.openjdk.jmhjmh-generator-annprocess
- ${jmh-core.version}
+ ${jmh-generator.version}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/list/primitive/PrimitivesListPerformance.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/list/primitive/PrimitivesListPerformance.java
index bd37e5e74e..5dd1eaef09 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/list/primitive/PrimitivesListPerformance.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/list/primitive/PrimitivesListPerformance.java
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.Options;
import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.OptionsBuilder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@@ -18,12 +19,12 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@State(Scope.Thread)
public class PrimitivesListPerformance {
- private List arrayList = new ArrayList<>();
- private TIntArrayList tList = new TIntArrayList();
- private cern.colt.list.IntArrayList coltList = new cern.colt.list.IntArrayList();
- private IntArrayList fastUtilList = new IntArrayList();
+ private List arrayList = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9));
+ private TIntArrayList tList = new TIntArrayList(new int[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9});
+ private cern.colt.list.IntArrayList coltList = new cern.colt.list.IntArrayList(new int[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9});
+ private IntArrayList fastUtilList = new IntArrayList(new int[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9});
- private int getValue = 10;
+ private int getValue = 4;
@Benchmark
public boolean addArrayList() {
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/list/difference/FindDifferencesBetweenListsUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/list/difference/FindDifferencesBetweenListsUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ceeff5e442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/list/difference/FindDifferencesBetweenListsUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package com.baeldung.list.difference;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
+
+public class FindDifferencesBetweenListsUnitTest {
+
+ private static final List listOne = Arrays.asList("Jack", "Tom", "Sam", "John", "James", "Jack");
+ private static final List listTwo = Arrays.asList("Jack", "Daniel", "Sam", "Alan", "James", "George");
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenLists_whenUsingPlainJavaImpl_thenDifferencesAreFound() {
+ List differences = new ArrayList<>(listOne);
+ differences.removeAll(listTwo);
+ assertEquals(2, differences.size());
+ assertThat(differences).containsExactly("Tom", "John");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenReverseLists_whenUsingPlainJavaImpl_thenDifferencesAreFound() {
+ List differences = new ArrayList<>(listTwo);
+ differences.removeAll(listOne);
+ assertEquals(3, differences.size());
+ assertThat(differences).containsExactly("Daniel", "Alan", "George");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenLists_whenUsingJavaStreams_thenDifferencesAreFound() {
+ List differences = listOne.stream()
+ .filter(element -> !listTwo.contains(element))
+ .collect(Collectors.toList());
+ assertEquals(2, differences.size());
+ assertThat(differences).containsExactly("Tom", "John");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenReverseLists_whenUsingJavaStreams_thenDifferencesAreFound() {
+ List differences = listTwo.stream()
+ .filter(element -> !listOne.contains(element))
+ .collect(Collectors.toList());
+ assertEquals(3, differences.size());
+ assertThat(differences).containsExactly("Daniel", "Alan", "George");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenLists_whenUsingGoogleGuava_thenDifferencesAreFound() {
+ List differences = new ArrayList<>(Sets.difference(Sets.newHashSet(listOne), Sets.newHashSet(listTwo)));
+ assertEquals(2, differences.size());
+ assertThat(differences).containsExactlyInAnyOrder("Tom", "John");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenReverseLists_whenUsingGoogleGuava_thenDifferencesAreFound() {
+ List differences = new ArrayList<>(Sets.difference(Sets.newHashSet(listTwo), Sets.newHashSet(listOne)));
+ assertEquals(3, differences.size());
+ assertThat(differences).containsExactlyInAnyOrder("Daniel", "Alan", "George");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenLists_whenUsingApacheCommons_thenDifferencesAreFound() {
+ List differences = new ArrayList<>((CollectionUtils.removeAll(listOne, listTwo)));
+ assertEquals(2, differences.size());
+ assertThat(differences).containsExactly("Tom", "John");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenReverseLists_whenUsingApacheCommons_thenDifferencesAreFound() {
+ List differences = new ArrayList<>((CollectionUtils.removeAll(listTwo, listOne)));
+ assertEquals(3, differences.size());
+ assertThat(differences).containsExactly("Daniel", "Alan", "George");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenLists_whenUsingPlainJavaImpl_thenDifferencesWithDuplicatesAreFound() {
+ List differences = new ArrayList<>(listOne);
+ listTwo.forEach(differences::remove);
+ assertThat(differences).containsExactly("Tom", "John", "Jack");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenLists_whenUsingApacheCommons_thenDifferencesWithDuplicatesAreFound() {
+ List differences = new ArrayList<>(CollectionUtils.subtract(listOne, listTwo));
+ assertEquals(3, differences.size());
+ assertThat(differences).containsExactly("Tom", "John", "Jack");
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/pom.xml
index 509f58ea61..76ca66fe70 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/pom.xml
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
4.1
- 3.8.13.11.1
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/JavaCollectionCleanupUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/JavaCollectionCleanupUnitTest.java
index 96813df862..5ef08a9337 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/JavaCollectionCleanupUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/collections/JavaCollectionCleanupUnitTest.java
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
package com.baeldung.collections;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsInAnyOrder;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsInRelativeOrder;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasSize;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils;
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ public class JavaCollectionCleanupUnitTest {
// tests - removing nulls
@Test
- public final void givenListContainsNulls_whenRemovingNullsWithPlainJava_thenCorrect() {
+ public void givenListContainsNulls_whenRemovingNullsWithPlainJava_thenCorrect() {
final List list = Lists.newArrayList(null, 1, null);
while (list.remove(null))
;
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ public class JavaCollectionCleanupUnitTest {
}
@Test
- public final void givenListContainsNulls_whenRemovingNullsWithPlainJavaAlternative_thenCorrect() {
+ public void givenListContainsNulls_whenRemovingNullsWithPlainJavaAlternative_thenCorrect() {
final List list = Lists.newArrayList(null, 1, null);
list.removeAll(Collections.singleton(null));
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ public class JavaCollectionCleanupUnitTest {
}
@Test
- public final void givenListContainsNulls_whenRemovingNullsWithGuavaV1_thenCorrect() {
+ public void givenListContainsNulls_whenRemovingNullsWithGuavaV1_thenCorrect() {
final List list = Lists.newArrayList(null, 1, null);
Iterables.removeIf(list, Predicates.isNull());
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ public class JavaCollectionCleanupUnitTest {
}
@Test
- public final void givenListContainsNulls_whenRemovingNullsWithGuavaV2_thenCorrect() {
+ public void givenListContainsNulls_whenRemovingNullsWithGuavaV2_thenCorrect() {
final List list = Lists.newArrayList(null, 1, null, 2, 3);
final List listWithoutNulls = Lists.newArrayList(Iterables.filter(list, Predicates.notNull()));
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@ public class JavaCollectionCleanupUnitTest {
}
@Test
- public final void givenListContainsNulls_whenRemovingNullsWithCommonsCollections_thenCorrect() {
+ public void givenListContainsNulls_whenRemovingNullsWithCommonsCollections_thenCorrect() {
final List list = Lists.newArrayList(null, 1, 2, null, 3, null);
CollectionUtils.filter(list, PredicateUtils.notNullPredicate());
@@ -65,19 +68,38 @@ public class JavaCollectionCleanupUnitTest {
// tests - remove duplicates
@Test
- public final void givenListContainsDuplicates_whenRemovingDuplicatesWithPlainJava_thenCorrect() {
- final List listWithDuplicates = Lists.newArrayList(0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 0);
+ public void givenListContainsDuplicates_whenRemovingDuplicatesWithPlainJava_thenCorrect() {
+ final List listWithDuplicates = Lists.newArrayList(5, 0, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 0);
final List listWithoutDuplicates = new ArrayList<>(new HashSet<>(listWithDuplicates));
- assertThat(listWithoutDuplicates, hasSize(4));
+ assertThat(listWithoutDuplicates, hasSize(5));
+ assertThat(listWithoutDuplicates, containsInAnyOrder(5, 0, 3, 1, 2));
}
@Test
- public final void givenListContainsDuplicates_whenRemovingDuplicatesWithGuava_thenCorrect() {
- final List listWithDuplicates = Lists.newArrayList(0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 0);
- final List listWithoutDuplicates = Lists.newArrayList(Sets.newHashSet(listWithDuplicates));
+ public void givenListContainsDuplicates_whenRemovingDuplicatesPreservingOrderWithPlainJava_thenCorrect() {
+ final List listWithDuplicates = Lists.newArrayList(5, 0, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 0);
+ final List listWithoutDuplicates = new ArrayList<>(new LinkedHashSet<>(listWithDuplicates));
- assertThat(listWithoutDuplicates, hasSize(4));
+ assertThat(listWithoutDuplicates, hasSize(5));
+ assertThat(listWithoutDuplicates, containsInRelativeOrder(5, 0, 3, 1, 2));
}
+ @Test
+ public void givenListContainsDuplicates_whenRemovingDuplicatesWithGuava_thenCorrect() {
+ final List listWithDuplicates = Lists.newArrayList(5, 0, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 0);
+ final List listWithoutDuplicates = Lists.newArrayList(Sets.newHashSet(listWithDuplicates));
+
+ assertThat(listWithoutDuplicates, hasSize(5));
+ assertThat(listWithoutDuplicates, containsInAnyOrder(5, 0, 3, 1, 2));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenListContainsDuplicates_whenRemovingDuplicatesPreservingOrderWithGuava_thenCorrect() {
+ final List listWithDuplicates = Lists.newArrayList(5, 0, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 0);
+ final List listWithoutDuplicates = Lists.newArrayList(Sets.newLinkedHashSet(listWithDuplicates));
+
+ assertThat(listWithoutDuplicates, hasSize(5));
+ assertThat(listWithoutDuplicates, containsInRelativeOrder(5, 0, 3, 1, 2));
+ }
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/Java8CollectionCleanupUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/Java8CollectionCleanupUnitTest.java
index ef7b642f89..5eb75f5cad 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/Java8CollectionCleanupUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/Java8CollectionCleanupUnitTest.java
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsInAnyOrder;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasSize;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
@@ -40,10 +41,11 @@ public class Java8CollectionCleanupUnitTest {
@Test
public void givenListContainsDuplicates_whenRemovingDuplicatesWithJava8_thenCorrect() {
- final List listWithDuplicates = Lists.newArrayList(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3);
- final List listWithoutDuplicates = listWithDuplicates.parallelStream().distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
+ final List listWithDuplicates = Lists.newArrayList(5, 0, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 0);
+ final List listWithoutDuplicates = listWithDuplicates.stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
- assertThat(listWithoutDuplicates, hasSize(3));
+ assertThat(listWithoutDuplicates, hasSize(5));
+ assertThat(listWithoutDuplicates, containsInAnyOrder(5, 0, 3, 1, 2));
}
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-2/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-2/pom.xml
index a64a11c6ea..7c4ab19945 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-2/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-2/pom.xml
@@ -21,20 +21,15 @@
${eclipse-collections.version}
- net.sf.trove4j
- trove4j
- ${trove4j.version}
+ com.carrotsearch
+ hppc
+ ${hppc.version}it.unimi.dsifastutil${fastutil.version}
-
- colt
- colt
- ${colt.version}
- org.apache.commonscommons-lang3
@@ -69,9 +64,8 @@
4.11.7.08.2.0
- 3.0.2
+ 0.7.28.1.0
- 1.2.03.11.1
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/Product.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/Product.java
index 5559895730..09b1a8847d 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/Product.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/Product.java
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public class Product {
return tags;
}
- public Product addTagsOfOtherProdcut(Product product) {
+ public Product addTagsOfOtherProduct(Product product) {
this.tags.addAll(product.getTags());
return this;
}
@@ -100,11 +100,11 @@ public class Product {
HashMap productsByName = new HashMap<>();
Product eBike2 = new Product("E-Bike", "A bike with a battery");
eBike2.getTags().add("sport");
- productsByName.merge("E-Bike", eBike2, Product::addTagsOfOtherProdcut);
+ productsByName.merge("E-Bike", eBike2, Product::addTagsOfOtherProduct);
//Prior to Java 8:
if(productsByName.containsKey("E-Bike")) {
- productsByName.get("E-Bike").addTagsOfOtherProdcut(eBike2);
+ productsByName.get("E-Bike").addTagsOfOtherProduct(eBike2);
} else {
productsByName.put("E-Bike", eBike2);
}
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ public class Product {
productsByName.compute("E-Bike", (k,v) -> {
if(v != null) {
- return v.addTagsOfOtherProdcut(eBike2);
+ return v.addTagsOfOtherProduct(eBike2);
} else {
return eBike2;
}
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ public class Product {
//Prior to Java 8:
if(productsByName.containsKey("E-Bike")) {
- productsByName.get("E-Bike").addTagsOfOtherProdcut(eBike2);
+ productsByName.get("E-Bike").addTagsOfOtherProduct(eBike2);
} else {
productsByName.put("E-Bike", eBike2);
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/primitives/PrimitiveMaps.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/primitives/PrimitiveMaps.java
index 30bec12ccc..e53290f93a 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/primitives/PrimitiveMaps.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/primitives/PrimitiveMaps.java
@@ -1,29 +1,68 @@
package com.baeldung.map.primitives;
-import cern.colt.map.AbstractIntDoubleMap;
-import cern.colt.map.OpenIntDoubleHashMap;
-import gnu.trove.map.TDoubleIntMap;
-import gnu.trove.map.hash.TDoubleIntHashMap;
+import com.carrotsearch.hppc.IntLongHashMap;
+import com.carrotsearch.hppc.IntLongScatterMap;
+import com.carrotsearch.hppc.IntObjectHashMap;
+import com.carrotsearch.hppc.IntObjectMap;
+import com.carrotsearch.hppc.IntObjectScatterMap;
+
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2BooleanMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2BooleanMaps;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2BooleanOpenHashMap;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2BooleanSortedMap;
import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2BooleanSortedMaps;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectIterator;
+
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.primitive.ImmutableIntIntMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.primitive.MutableIntIntMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.primitive.MutableObjectDoubleMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.impl.factory.primitive.IntIntMaps;
import org.eclipse.collections.impl.factory.primitive.ObjectDoubleMaps;
+import static java.lang.String.format;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+
public class PrimitiveMaps {
public static void main(String[] args) {
+ hppcMap();
eclipseCollectionsMap();
- troveMap();
- coltMap();
fastutilMap();
}
+ private static void hppcMap() {
+ //Regular maps
+ IntLongHashMap intLongHashMap = new IntLongHashMap();
+ intLongHashMap.put(25,1L);
+ intLongHashMap.put(150,Long.MAX_VALUE);
+ intLongHashMap.put(1,0L);
+
+ intLongHashMap.get(150);
+
+ IntObjectMap intObjectMap = new IntObjectHashMap();
+ intObjectMap.put(1, BigDecimal.valueOf(1));
+ intObjectMap.put(2, BigDecimal.valueOf(2500));
+
+ BigDecimal value = intObjectMap.get(2);
+
+ //Scatter maps
+ IntLongScatterMap intLongScatterMap = new IntLongScatterMap();
+ intLongScatterMap.put(1, 1L);
+ intLongScatterMap.put(2, -2L);
+ intLongScatterMap.put(1000,0L);
+
+ intLongScatterMap.get(1000);
+
+ IntObjectScatterMap intObjectScatterMap = new IntObjectScatterMap();
+ intObjectScatterMap.put(1, BigDecimal.valueOf(1));
+ intObjectScatterMap.put(2, BigDecimal.valueOf(2500));
+
+ value = intObjectScatterMap.get(2);
+ }
+
+
private static void fastutilMap() {
Int2BooleanMap int2BooleanMap = new Int2BooleanOpenHashMap();
int2BooleanMap.put(1, true);
@@ -32,13 +71,19 @@ public class PrimitiveMaps {
boolean value = int2BooleanMap.get(1);
- Int2BooleanSortedMap int2BooleanSorted = Int2BooleanSortedMaps.EMPTY_MAP;
- }
+ //Lambda style iteration
+ Int2BooleanMaps.fastForEach(int2BooleanMap, entry -> {
+ System.out.println(String.format("Key: %d, Value: %b",entry.getIntKey(),entry.getBooleanValue()));
+ });
+
+ //Iterator based loop
+ ObjectIterator iterator = Int2BooleanMaps.fastIterator(int2BooleanMap);
+ while(iterator.hasNext()) {
+ Int2BooleanMap.Entry entry = iterator.next();
+ System.out.println(String.format("Key: %d, Value: %b",entry.getIntKey(),entry.getBooleanValue()));
+
+ }
- private static void coltMap() {
- AbstractIntDoubleMap map = new OpenIntDoubleHashMap();
- map.put(1, 4.5);
- double value = map.get(1);
}
private static void eclipseCollectionsMap() {
@@ -53,17 +98,5 @@ public class PrimitiveMaps {
dObject.addToValue("stability", 0.8);
}
- private static void troveMap() {
- double[] doubles = new double[] {1.2, 4.5, 0.3};
- int[] ints = new int[] {1, 4, 0};
- TDoubleIntMap doubleIntMap = new TDoubleIntHashMap(doubles, ints);
-
- doubleIntMap.put(1.2, 22);
- doubleIntMap.put(4.5, 16);
-
- doubleIntMap.adjustValue(1.2, 1);
- doubleIntMap.adjustValue(4.5, 4);
- doubleIntMap.adjustValue(0.3, 7);
- }
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/README.md
index 7386f7e9b7..530a9310c2 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/README.md
@@ -6,4 +6,7 @@ This module contains articles about Map data structures in Java.
- [Java TreeMap vs HashMap](https://www.baeldung.com/java-treemap-vs-hashmap)
- [Comparing Two HashMaps in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-compare-hashmaps)
- [The Map.computeIfAbsent() Method](https://www.baeldung.com/java-map-computeifabsent)
+- [Collections.synchronizedMap vs. ConcurrentHashMap](https://www.baeldung.com/java-synchronizedmap-vs-concurrenthashmap)
+- [Java HashMap Load Factor](https://www.baeldung.com/java-hashmap-load-factor)
+- [Converting java.util.Properties to HashMap](https://www.baeldung.com/java-convert-properties-to-hashmap)
- More articles: [[<-- prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-2)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/pom.xml
index f547968b22..c9fda26fc3 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/pom.xml
@@ -15,7 +15,16 @@
-
+
+ org.openjdk.jmh
+ jmh-core
+ ${jmh-core.version}
+
+
+ com.google.guava
+ guava
+ ${guava.version}
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/concurrenthashmap/MapPerformanceComparison.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/concurrenthashmap/MapPerformanceComparison.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c788dbc27d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/concurrenthashmap/MapPerformanceComparison.java
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package com.baeldung.map.concurrenthashmap;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Fork;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Setup;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Threads;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Warmup;
+
+@Fork(5)
+@Threads(10)
+@Warmup(iterations = 5)
+@State(Scope.Benchmark)
+@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+public class MapPerformanceComparison {
+
+ private int TEST_NO_ITEMS;
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+ org.openjdk.jmh.Main.main(args);
+ }
+
+ @Setup
+ public void setup() {
+ TEST_NO_ITEMS = 1000;
+ }
+
+ @Benchmark
+ public void randomReadAndWriteSynchronizedMap() {
+ Map map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap());
+ performReadAndWriteTest(map);
+ }
+
+ @Benchmark
+ public void randomReadAndWriteConcurrentHashMap() {
+ Map map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+ performReadAndWriteTest(map);
+ }
+
+ private void performReadAndWriteTest(final Map map) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < TEST_NO_ITEMS; i++) {
+ Integer randNumber = (int) Math.ceil(Math.random() * TEST_NO_ITEMS);
+ map.get(String.valueOf(randNumber));
+ map.put(String.valueOf(randNumber), randNumber);
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Benchmark
+ public void randomWriteSynchronizedMap() {
+ Map map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap());
+ performWriteTest(map);
+ }
+
+ @Benchmark
+ public void randomWriteConcurrentHashMap() {
+ Map map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+ performWriteTest(map);
+ }
+
+ private void performWriteTest(final Map map) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < TEST_NO_ITEMS; i++) {
+ Integer randNumber = (int) Math.ceil(Math.random() * TEST_NO_ITEMS);
+ map.put(String.valueOf(randNumber), randNumber);
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Benchmark
+ public void randomReadSynchronizedMap() {
+ Map map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap());
+ performReadTest(map);
+ }
+
+ @Benchmark
+ public void randomReadConcurrentHashMap() {
+ Map map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+ performReadTest(map);
+ }
+
+ private void performReadTest(final Map map) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < TEST_NO_ITEMS; i++) {
+ Integer randNumber = (int) Math.ceil(Math.random() * TEST_NO_ITEMS);
+ map.get(String.valueOf(randNumber));
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/propertieshashmap/PropertiesToHashMapConverter.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/propertieshashmap/PropertiesToHashMapConverter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3472f998f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/map/propertieshashmap/PropertiesToHashMapConverter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.baeldung.map.propertieshashmap;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public class PropertiesToHashMapConverter {
+
+ @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+ public static HashMap typeCastConvert(Properties prop) {
+ Map step1 = prop;
+ Map step2 = (Map) step1;
+ return new HashMap<>(step2);
+ }
+
+ public static HashMap loopConvert(Properties prop) {
+ HashMap retMap = new HashMap<>();
+ for (Map.Entry entry : prop.entrySet()) {
+ retMap.put(String.valueOf(entry.getKey()), String.valueOf(entry.getValue()));
+ }
+ return retMap;
+ }
+
+ public static HashMap streamConvert(Properties prop) {
+ return prop.entrySet().stream().collect(
+ Collectors.toMap(
+ e -> String.valueOf(e.getKey()),
+ e -> String.valueOf(e.getValue()),
+ (prev, next) -> next, HashMap::new
+ ));
+ }
+
+ public static HashMap guavaConvert(Properties prop) {
+ return Maps.newHashMap(Maps.fromProperties(prop));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/map/concurrenthashmap/ConcurrentModificationErrorUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/map/concurrenthashmap/ConcurrentModificationErrorUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4264e613f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/map/concurrenthashmap/ConcurrentModificationErrorUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package com.baeldung.map.concurrenthashmap;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class ConcurrentModificationErrorUnitTest {
+
+ @Test(expected = ConcurrentModificationException.class)
+ public void whenRemoveAndAddOnHashMap_thenConcurrentModificationError() {
+ Map map = new HashMap<>();
+ map.put(1, "baeldung");
+ map.put(2, "HashMap");
+ Map synchronizedMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(map);
+ Iterator> iterator = synchronizedMap.entrySet().iterator();
+ while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+ synchronizedMap.put(3, "Modification");
+ iterator.next();
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = ConcurrentModificationException.class)
+ public void whenRemoveAndAddOnTreeMap_thenConcurrentModificationError() {
+ Map map = new TreeMap<>();
+ map.put(1, "baeldung");
+ map.put(2, "HashMap");
+ Map synchronizedMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(map);
+ Iterator> iterator = synchronizedMap.entrySet().iterator();
+ while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+ synchronizedMap.put(3, "Modification");
+ iterator.next();
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = ConcurrentModificationException.class)
+ public void whenRemoveAndAddOnLinkedHashMap_thenConcurrentModificationError() {
+ Map map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+ map.put(1, "baeldung");
+ map.put(2, "HashMap");
+ Map synchronizedMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(map);
+ Iterator> iterator = synchronizedMap.entrySet().iterator();
+ while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+ synchronizedMap.put(3, "Modification");
+ iterator.next();
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenRemoveAndAddOnConcurrentHashMap_thenNoError() {
+ Map map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+ map.put(1, "baeldung");
+ map.put(2, "HashMap");
+ Iterator> iterator = map.entrySet().iterator();
+ while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+ map.put(3, "Modification");
+ iterator.next();
+ }
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(3, map.size());
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/map/concurrenthashmap/NullAllowInMapUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/map/concurrenthashmap/NullAllowInMapUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..594e8ec3b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/map/concurrenthashmap/NullAllowInMapUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package com.baeldung.map.concurrenthashmap;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class NullAllowInMapUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenHashMapBackedSynchronizedMap_whenNullAsKey_thenNoError() {
+ Map map = Collections
+ .synchronizedMap(new HashMap());
+ map.put(null, 1);
+ Assert.assertTrue(map.get(null).equals(1));
+ }
+
+
+ @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+ public void givenTreeMapBackedSynchronizedMap_whenNullAsKey_thenException() {
+ Map map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new TreeMap());
+ map.put(null, 1);
+ Assert.assertTrue(map.get(null).equals(1));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenLinkedHashMapBackedSynchronizedMap_whenNullAsKey_thenNoError() {
+ Map map = Collections
+ .synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap());
+ map.put(null, 1);
+ Assert.assertTrue(map.get(null).equals(1));
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+ public void givenConcurrentHasMap_whenNullAsKey_thenException() {
+ Map map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+ map.put(null, 1);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenHashMapBackedSynchronizedMap_whenNullAsValue_thenNoError() {
+ Map map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap());
+ map.put("1", null);
+ Assert.assertNull(map.get("1"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTreeMapBackedSynchronizedMap_whenNullAsValue_thenNoError() {
+ Map map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new TreeMap());
+ map.put("1", null);
+ Assert.assertNull(map.get("1"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenLinkedHashMapBackedSynchronizedMap_whenNullAsValue_thenNoError() {
+ Map map = Collections
+ .synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap());
+ map.put("1", null);
+ Assert.assertNull(map.get("1"));
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+ public void givenConcurrentHasMap_whenNullAsValue_thenException() {
+ Map map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+ map.put("1", null);
+ }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/map/hashmap/loadfactor/HashMapLoadFactorUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/map/hashmap/loadfactor/HashMapLoadFactorUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94967a4905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/map/hashmap/loadfactor/HashMapLoadFactorUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.baeldung.map.hashmap.loadfactor;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class HashMapLoadFactorUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenCreateMapWithDefaultParam_thenSucces() {
+ Map mapWithDefaultParams = new HashMap<>();
+ mapWithDefaultParams.put("1", "one");
+ mapWithDefaultParams.put("2", "two");
+ mapWithDefaultParams.put("3", "three");
+ mapWithDefaultParams.put("4", "four");
+ mapWithDefaultParams.put("5", "five");
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(5, mapWithDefaultParams.size());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenCreateMapWithInitialCapacity_thenSucces() {
+ Map mapWithInitialCapacity = new HashMap<>(5);
+ mapWithInitialCapacity.put("1", "one");
+ mapWithInitialCapacity.put("2", "two");
+ mapWithInitialCapacity.put("3", "three");
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(3, mapWithInitialCapacity.size());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenCreateMapWithInitialCapacityAndLF_thenSucces() {
+ Map mapWithInitialCapacityAndLF = new HashMap<>(5, 0.5f);
+ mapWithInitialCapacityAndLF.put("1", "one");
+ mapWithInitialCapacityAndLF.put("2", "two");
+ mapWithInitialCapacityAndLF.put("3", "three");
+ mapWithInitialCapacityAndLF.put("4", "four");
+ mapWithInitialCapacityAndLF.put("5", "five");
+ mapWithInitialCapacityAndLF.put("6", "six");
+ mapWithInitialCapacityAndLF.put("7", "seven");
+ mapWithInitialCapacityAndLF.put("8", "eight");
+ mapWithInitialCapacityAndLF.put("9", "nine");
+ mapWithInitialCapacityAndLF.put("10", "ten");
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(10, mapWithInitialCapacityAndLF.size());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/map/propertieshashmap/PropertiesToHashMapConverterUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/map/propertieshashmap/PropertiesToHashMapConverterUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1985fbe673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/map/propertieshashmap/PropertiesToHashMapConverterUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+package com.baeldung.map.propertieshashmap;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class PropertiesToHashMapConverterUnitTest {
+
+ private Properties properties;
+
+ private final static String propertyFileName = "toHashMap.properties";
+
+ @BeforeEach
+ public void setup() throws IOException {
+ properties = new Properties();
+ try (InputStream is = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(propertyFileName)) {
+ if (is != null) {
+ properties.load(is);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void havingPropertiesLoaded_whenCheck_thenEquals() {
+ assertEquals(3, properties.size());
+ assertEquals("str_value", properties.get("property1"));
+ assertEquals("123", properties.get("property2"));
+ assertEquals("", properties.get("property3"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenPropertiesModified_thenTypeSafeIssues() {
+ compromiseProperties(properties);
+
+ assertEquals(5, properties.size());
+
+ assertNull(properties.getProperty("property4"));
+ assertNotEquals(String.class, properties.get("property4").getClass());
+ assertEquals(456, properties.get("property4"));
+
+
+ assertNull(properties.getProperty("5"));
+ assertNotEquals(String.class, properties.get(5).getClass());
+ assertEquals(10.11, properties.get(5));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void havingNonModifiedProperties_whenTypeCastConvert_thenNoTypeSafeIssues() {
+ HashMap hMap = PropertiesToHashMapConverter.typeCastConvert(properties);
+
+ assertEquals(3, hMap.size());
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property1").getClass());
+ assertEquals(properties.get("property1"), hMap.get("property1"));
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property2").getClass());
+ assertEquals(properties.get("property2"), hMap.get("property2"));
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property3").getClass());
+ assertEquals(properties.get("property3"), hMap.get("property3"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void havingModifiedProperties_whenTypeCastConvert_thenClassCastException() {
+ compromiseProperties(properties);
+ HashMap hMap = PropertiesToHashMapConverter.typeCastConvert(properties);
+ assertEquals(5, hMap.size());
+
+ assertThrows(ClassCastException.class, () -> {
+ String s = hMap.get("property4");
+ });
+ assertEquals(Integer.class, ((Object) hMap.get("property4")).getClass());
+
+ assertNull(hMap.get("5"));
+ assertNotNull(hMap.get(5));
+ assertThrows(ClassCastException.class, () -> {
+ String s = hMap.get(5);
+ });
+ assertEquals(Double.class, ((Object) hMap.get(5)).getClass());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void havingNonModifiedProperties_whenLoopConvert_thenNoTypeSafeIssues() {
+ HashMap hMap = PropertiesToHashMapConverter.loopConvert(properties);
+
+ assertEquals(3, hMap.size());
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property1").getClass());
+ assertEquals(properties.get("property1"), hMap.get("property1"));
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property2").getClass());
+ assertEquals(properties.get("property2"), hMap.get("property2"));
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property3").getClass());
+ assertEquals(properties.get("property3"), hMap.get("property3"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void havingModifiedProperties_whenLoopConvert_thenNoClassCastException() {
+ compromiseProperties(properties);
+ HashMap hMap = PropertiesToHashMapConverter.loopConvert(properties);
+ assertEquals(5, hMap.size());
+
+ assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
+ String s = hMap.get("property4");
+ });
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property4").getClass());
+ assertEquals("456", hMap.get("property4"));
+
+ assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
+ String s = hMap.get("5");
+ });
+ assertEquals("10.11", hMap.get("5"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void havingNonModifiedProperties_whenStreamConvert_thenNoTypeSafeIssues() {
+ HashMap hMap = PropertiesToHashMapConverter.streamConvert(properties);
+
+ assertEquals(3, hMap.size());
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property1").getClass());
+ assertEquals(properties.get("property1"), hMap.get("property1"));
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property2").getClass());
+ assertEquals(properties.get("property2"), hMap.get("property2"));
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property3").getClass());
+ assertEquals(properties.get("property3"), hMap.get("property3"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void havingModifiedProperties_whenStreamConvert_thenNoClassCastException() {
+ compromiseProperties(properties);
+ HashMap hMap = PropertiesToHashMapConverter.streamConvert(properties);
+ assertEquals(5, hMap.size());
+
+ assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
+ String s = hMap.get("property4");
+ });
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property4").getClass());
+ assertEquals("456", hMap.get("property4"));
+
+ assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
+ String s = hMap.get("5");
+ });
+ assertEquals("10.11", hMap.get("5"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void havingModifiedProperties_whenLoopConvertAndStreamConvert_thenHashMapsSame() {
+ compromiseProperties(properties);
+ HashMap hMap1 = PropertiesToHashMapConverter.loopConvert(properties);
+ HashMap hMap2 = PropertiesToHashMapConverter.streamConvert(properties);
+
+ assertEquals(hMap2, hMap1);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void havingNonModifiedProperties_whenGuavaConvert_thenNoTypeSafeIssues() {
+ HashMap hMap = PropertiesToHashMapConverter.guavaConvert(properties);
+
+ assertEquals(3, hMap.size());
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property1").getClass());
+ assertEquals(properties.get("property1"), hMap.get("property1"));
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property2").getClass());
+ assertEquals(properties.get("property2"), hMap.get("property2"));
+ assertEquals(String.class, hMap.get("property3").getClass());
+ assertEquals(properties.get("property3"), hMap.get("property3"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void havingModifiedProperties_whenGuavaConvert_thenUnableToConvertAndThrowException() {
+ compromiseProperties(properties);
+ assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> PropertiesToHashMapConverter.guavaConvert(properties));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void havingModifiedPropertiesWithNoIntegerValue_whenGuavaConvert_thenNullPointerException() {
+ properties.put("property4", 456);
+ assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> PropertiesToHashMapConverter.guavaConvert(properties));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void havingModifiedPropertiesWithNoIntegerKey_whenGuavaConvert_thenClassCastException() {
+ properties.put(5, 10.11);
+ assertThrows(ClassCastException.class, () -> PropertiesToHashMapConverter.guavaConvert(properties));
+ }
+
+
+ private void compromiseProperties(Properties prop) {
+ prop.put("property4", 456);
+ prop.put(5, 10.11);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/resources/toHashMap.properties b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/resources/toHashMap.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..727e858a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-3/src/test/resources/toHashMap.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+property1=str_value
+property2=123
+property3=
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections/pom.xml
index e1219c4713..fe9cf57bfb 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-collections/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-collections/pom.xml
@@ -25,17 +25,16 @@
org.openjdk.jmhjmh-core
- ${openjdk.jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-core.version}org.openjdk.jmhjmh-generator-annprocess
- ${openjdk.jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-generator.version}
- 1.193.11.1
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterJCStressManualTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterJCStressManualTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e6b41d1e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterJCStressManualTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent;
+
+import static org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.Expect.ACCEPTABLE;
+import static org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.Expect.ACCEPTABLE_INTERESTING;
+
+import org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.Actor;
+import org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.Arbiter;
+import org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.JCStressTest;
+import org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.Outcome;
+import org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.State;
+import org.openjdk.jcstress.infra.results.I_Result;
+
+/**
+ * This is defined as a manual test because it tries to simulate the race conditions
+ * in a concurrent program that is poorly designed and hence may fail nondeterministically.
+ * This will help the CI jobs to ignore these tests and a developer to run them manually.
+ *
+ */
+@JCStressTest
+@Outcome(id = "1", expect = ACCEPTABLE_INTERESTING, desc = "One update lost.")
+@Outcome(id = "2", expect = ACCEPTABLE, desc = "Both updates.")
+@State
+public class MyCounterJCStressManualTest {
+
+ private MyCounter counter;
+
+ @Actor
+ public void actor1() {
+ counter.increment();
+ }
+
+ @Actor
+ public void actor2() {
+ counter.increment();
+ }
+
+ @Arbiter
+ public void arbiter(I_Result r) {
+ r.r1 = counter.getCount();
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterJCStressUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterJCStressUnitTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c76505347..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterJCStressUnitTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.concurrent;
-
-import static org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.Expect.ACCEPTABLE;
-import static org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.Expect.ACCEPTABLE_INTERESTING;
-
-import org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.Actor;
-import org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.Arbiter;
-import org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.JCStressTest;
-import org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.Outcome;
-import org.openjdk.jcstress.annotations.State;
-import org.openjdk.jcstress.infra.results.I_Result;
-
-@JCStressTest
-@Outcome(id = "1", expect = ACCEPTABLE_INTERESTING, desc = "One update lost.")
-@Outcome(id = "2", expect = ACCEPTABLE, desc = "Both updates.")
-@State
-public class MyCounterJCStressUnitTest {
-
- private MyCounter counter;
-
- @Actor
- public void actor1() {
- counter.increment();
- }
-
- @Actor
- public void actor2() {
- counter.increment();
- }
-
- @Arbiter
- public void arbiter(I_Result r) {
- r.r1 = counter.getCount();
- }
-
-}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterMultithreadedTCManualTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterMultithreadedTCManualTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..985e316635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterMultithreadedTCManualTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import edu.umd.cs.mtc.MultithreadedTestCase;
+import edu.umd.cs.mtc.TestFramework;
+
+/**
+ * This is defined as a manual test because it tries to simulate the race conditions
+ * in a concurrent program that is poorly designed and hence may fail nondeterministically.
+ * This will help the CI jobs to ignore these tests and a developer to run them manually.
+ *
+ */
+public class MyCounterMultithreadedTCManualTest extends MultithreadedTestCase {
+
+ private MyCounter counter;
+
+ @Override
+ public void initialize() {
+ counter = new MyCounter();
+ }
+
+ public void thread1() throws InterruptedException {
+ counter.increment();
+ }
+
+ public void thread2() throws InterruptedException {
+ counter.increment();
+ }
+
+ @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+ @Override
+ public void finish() {
+ assertEquals(2, counter.getCount());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void testCounter() throws Throwable {
+ TestFramework.runManyTimes(new MyCounterMultithreadedTCManualTest(), 1000);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterMultithreadedTCUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterMultithreadedTCUnitTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 8a0bedf6c2..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterMultithreadedTCUnitTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.concurrent;
-
-import org.junit.Ignore;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-import edu.umd.cs.mtc.MultithreadedTestCase;
-import edu.umd.cs.mtc.TestFramework;
-
-public class MyCounterMultithreadedTCUnitTest extends MultithreadedTestCase {
-
- private MyCounter counter;
-
- @Override
- public void initialize() {
- counter = new MyCounter();
- }
-
- public void thread1() throws InterruptedException {
- counter.increment();
- }
-
- public void thread2() throws InterruptedException {
- counter.increment();
- }
-
- @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
- @Override
- public void finish() {
- assertEquals(2, counter.getCount());
- }
-
- @Ignore
- @Test
- public void testCounter() throws Throwable {
- TestFramework.runManyTimes(new MyCounterMultithreadedTCUnitTest(), 1000);
- }
-}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterSimpleManualTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterSimpleManualTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cba30da34b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterSimpleManualTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * This is defined as a manual test because it tries to simulate the race conditions
+ * in a concurrent program that is poorly designed and hence may fail nondeterministically.
+ * This will help the CI jobs to ignore these tests and a developer to run them manually.
+ *
+ */
+public class MyCounterSimpleManualTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void testCounter() {
+ MyCounter counter = new MyCounter();
+ for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++)
+ counter.increment();
+ assertEquals(500, counter.getCount());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void testCounterWithConcurrency() throws InterruptedException {
+ int numberOfThreads = 100;
+ ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
+ CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(numberOfThreads);
+ MyCounter counter = new MyCounter();
+ for (int i = 0; i < numberOfThreads; i++) {
+ service.execute(() -> {
+ counter.increment();
+ latch.countDown();
+ });
+ }
+ latch.await();
+ assertEquals(numberOfThreads, counter.getCount());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void testSummationWithConcurrencyAndWait() throws InterruptedException {
+ int numberOfThreads = 2;
+ ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
+ CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(numberOfThreads);
+ MyCounter counter = new MyCounter();
+ for (int i = 0; i < numberOfThreads; i++) {
+ service.submit(() -> {
+ try {
+ counter.incrementWithWait();
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ }
+ latch.countDown();
+ });
+ }
+ latch.await();
+ assertEquals(numberOfThreads, counter.getCount());
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterSimpleUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterSimpleUnitTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a405e7e24..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterSimpleUnitTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.concurrent;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
-import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
-import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-
-import org.junit.Ignore;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-public class MyCounterSimpleUnitTest {
-
- @Test
- public void testCounter() {
- MyCounter counter = new MyCounter();
- for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++)
- counter.increment();
- assertEquals(500, counter.getCount());
- }
-
- @Ignore
- @Test
- public void testCounterWithConcurrency() throws InterruptedException {
- int numberOfThreads = 100;
- ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
- CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(numberOfThreads);
- MyCounter counter = new MyCounter();
- for (int i = 0; i < numberOfThreads; i++) {
- service.execute(() -> {
- counter.increment();
- latch.countDown();
- });
- }
- latch.await();
- assertEquals(numberOfThreads, counter.getCount());
- }
-
- @Ignore
- @Test
- public void testSummationWithConcurrencyAndWait() throws InterruptedException {
- int numberOfThreads = 2;
- ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
- CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(numberOfThreads);
- MyCounter counter = new MyCounter();
- for (int i = 0; i < numberOfThreads; i++) {
- service.submit(() -> {
- try {
- counter.incrementWithWait();
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- latch.countDown();
- });
- }
- latch.await();
- assertEquals(numberOfThreads, counter.getCount());
- }
-
-}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterTempusFugitManualTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterTempusFugitManualTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4ac643f7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterTempusFugitManualTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.google.code.tempusfugit.concurrency.ConcurrentRule;
+import com.google.code.tempusfugit.concurrency.RepeatingRule;
+import com.google.code.tempusfugit.concurrency.annotations.Concurrent;
+import com.google.code.tempusfugit.concurrency.annotations.Repeating;
+
+/**
+ * This is defined as a manual test because it tries to simulate the race conditions
+ * in a concurrent program that is poorly designed and hence may fail nondeterministically.
+ * This will help the CI jobs to ignore these tests and a developer to run them manually.
+ *
+ */
+public class MyCounterTempusFugitManualTest {
+
+ @Rule
+ public ConcurrentRule concurrently = new ConcurrentRule();
+ @Rule
+ public RepeatingRule rule = new RepeatingRule();
+
+ private static MyCounter counter = new MyCounter();
+
+ @Test
+ @Concurrent(count = 2)
+ @Repeating(repetition = 10)
+ public void runsMultipleTimes() {
+ counter.increment();
+ }
+
+ @AfterClass
+ public static void annotatedTestRunsMultipleTimes() throws InterruptedException {
+ assertEquals(counter.getCount(), 20);
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterTempusFugitUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterTempusFugitUnitTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 36a2031e78..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterTempusFugitUnitTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.concurrent;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
-import org.junit.Ignore;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-import com.google.code.tempusfugit.concurrency.ConcurrentRule;
-import com.google.code.tempusfugit.concurrency.RepeatingRule;
-import com.google.code.tempusfugit.concurrency.annotations.Concurrent;
-import com.google.code.tempusfugit.concurrency.annotations.Repeating;
-
-public class MyCounterTempusFugitUnitTest {
-
- @Rule
- public ConcurrentRule concurrently = new ConcurrentRule();
- @Rule
- public RepeatingRule rule = new RepeatingRule();
-
- private static MyCounter counter = new MyCounter();
-
- @Ignore
- @Test
- @Concurrent(count = 2)
- @Repeating(repetition = 10)
- public void runsMultipleTimes() {
- counter.increment();
- }
-
- @AfterClass
- public static void annotatedTestRunsMultipleTimes() throws InterruptedException {
- assertEquals(counter.getCount(), 20);
- }
-
-}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterThreadWeaverManualTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterThreadWeaverManualTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2acfc4ee71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterThreadWeaverManualTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.google.testing.threadtester.AnnotatedTestRunner;
+import com.google.testing.threadtester.ThreadedAfter;
+import com.google.testing.threadtester.ThreadedBefore;
+import com.google.testing.threadtester.ThreadedMain;
+import com.google.testing.threadtester.ThreadedSecondary;
+
+/**
+ * This is defined as a manual test because it tries to simulate the race conditions
+ * in a concurrent program that is poorly designed and hence may fail nondeterministically.
+ * This will help the CI jobs to ignore these tests and a developer to run them manually.
+ *
+ */
+public class MyCounterThreadWeaverManualTest {
+
+ private MyCounter counter;
+
+ @ThreadedBefore
+ public void before() {
+ counter = new MyCounter();
+ }
+
+ @ThreadedMain
+ public void mainThread() {
+ counter.increment();
+ }
+
+ @ThreadedSecondary
+ public void secondThread() {
+ counter.increment();
+ }
+
+ @ThreadedAfter
+ public void after() {
+ assertEquals(2, counter.getCount());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void testCounter() {
+ new AnnotatedTestRunner().runTests(this.getClass(), MyCounter.class);
+ }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterThreadWeaverUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterThreadWeaverUnitTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index e65a963584..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/MyCounterThreadWeaverUnitTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.concurrent;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
-import org.junit.Ignore;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-import com.google.testing.threadtester.AnnotatedTestRunner;
-import com.google.testing.threadtester.ThreadedAfter;
-import com.google.testing.threadtester.ThreadedBefore;
-import com.google.testing.threadtester.ThreadedMain;
-import com.google.testing.threadtester.ThreadedSecondary;
-
-public class MyCounterThreadWeaverUnitTest {
-
- private MyCounter counter;
-
- @ThreadedBefore
- public void before() {
- counter = new MyCounter();
- }
-
- @ThreadedMain
- public void mainThread() {
- counter.increment();
- }
-
- @ThreadedSecondary
- public void secondThread() {
- counter.increment();
- }
-
- @ThreadedAfter
- public void after() {
- assertEquals(2, counter.getCount());
- }
-
- @Ignore
- @Test
- public void testCounter() {
- new AnnotatedTestRunner().runTests(this.getClass(), MyCounter.class);
- }
-
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-2/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-2/pom.xml
index 2f374bffac..98f159a85f 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-2/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-2/pom.xml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
org.openjdk.jmhjmh-generator-annprocess
- ${jmh-generator-annprocess.version}
+ ${jmh-generator.version}
@@ -51,8 +51,6 @@
- 1.19
- 1.193.6.1
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/README.md
index 8858760981..9495d5f479 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/README.md
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ This module contains articles about advanced topics about multithreading with co
- [Java Thread Deadlock and Livelock](https://www.baeldung.com/java-deadlock-livelock)
- [Guide to AtomicStampedReference in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-atomicstampedreference)
- [The ABA Problem in Concurrency](https://www.baeldung.com/cs/aba-concurrency)
-- [Introduction to Lock-Free Data Structures](https://www.baeldung.com/lock-free-programming)
+- [Introduction to Lock-Free Data Structures with Java Examples](https://www.baeldung.com/lock-free-programming)
- [Introduction to Exchanger in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-exchanger)
+- [Why Not To Start A Thread In The Constructor?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-thread-constructor)
- [[<-- previous]](/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-2)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/deadlockAndLivelock/LivelockExample.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/deadlockAndLivelock/LivelockExample.java
index b0d66a92c2..7c3ea6f94e 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/deadlockAndLivelock/LivelockExample.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/deadlockAndLivelock/LivelockExample.java
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ public class LivelockExample {
public void tryLock(Lock lock, long millis) {
try {
- lock.tryLock(10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+ lock.tryLock(millis, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/workstealing/PrimeNumbersManualTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/workstealing/PrimeNumbersManualTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d12218c05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/workstealing/PrimeNumbersManualTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package com.baeldung.workstealing;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.Runner;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.RunnerException;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.Options;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.OptionsBuilder;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+/**
+ * This test expects the file target/test-classes/META-INF/BenchmarkList to be present.
+ *
+ * Before running the test ensure that the file is present.
+ * If not, please run mvn install on the module.
+ *
+ */
+
+public class PrimeNumbersManualTest {
+
+ private static Logger logger = Logger.getAnonymousLogger();
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenPrimesCalculated_whenUsingPoolsAndOneThread_thenOneThreadSlowest() {
+ Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
+ .include(Benchmarker.class.getSimpleName())
+ .forks(1)
+ .build();
+
+ try {
+ new Runner(opt).run();
+ } catch (RunnerException e) {
+ fail();
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenNewWorkStealingPool_whenGettingPrimes_thenStealCountChanges() {
+ StringBuilder info = new StringBuilder();
+
+ for (int granularity : PrimeNumbers.GRANULARITIES) {
+ int parallelism = ForkJoinPool.getCommonPoolParallelism();
+ ForkJoinPool pool =
+ (ForkJoinPool) Executors.newWorkStealingPool(parallelism);
+
+ stealCountInfo(info, granularity, pool);
+ }
+ logger.info("\nExecutors.newWorkStealingPool ->" + info.toString());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenCommonPool_whenGettingPrimes_thenStealCountChangesSlowly() {
+ StringBuilder info = new StringBuilder();
+
+ for (int granularity : PrimeNumbers.GRANULARITIES) {
+ ForkJoinPool pool = ForkJoinPool.commonPool();
+ stealCountInfo(info, granularity, pool);
+ }
+ logger.info("\nForkJoinPool.commonPool ->" + info.toString());
+ }
+
+ private void stealCountInfo(StringBuilder info, int granularity, ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool) {
+ PrimeNumbers primes = new PrimeNumbers(1, 10000, granularity, new AtomicInteger(0));
+ forkJoinPool.invoke(primes);
+ forkJoinPool.shutdown();
+
+ long steals = forkJoinPool.getStealCount();
+ String output = "\nGranularity: [" + granularity + "], Steals: [" + steals + "]";
+ info.append(output);
+ }
+
+
+ @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+ @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+ @State(Scope.Benchmark)
+ @Fork(value = 2, warmups = 1, jvmArgs = {"-Xms2G", "-Xmx2G"})
+ public static class Benchmarker {
+
+ @Benchmark
+ public void singleThread() {
+ PrimeNumbers primes = new PrimeNumbers(10000);
+ primes.findPrimeNumbers(); // get prime numbers using a single thread
+ }
+
+ @Benchmark
+ public void commonPoolBenchmark() {
+ PrimeNumbers primes = new PrimeNumbers(10000);
+ ForkJoinPool pool = ForkJoinPool.commonPool();
+ pool.invoke(primes);
+ pool.shutdown();
+ }
+
+ @Benchmark
+ public void newWorkStealingPoolBenchmark() {
+ PrimeNumbers primes = new PrimeNumbers(10000);
+ int parallelism = ForkJoinPool.getCommonPoolParallelism();
+ ForkJoinPool stealer = (ForkJoinPool) Executors.newWorkStealingPool(parallelism);
+ stealer.invoke(primes);
+ stealer.shutdown();
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/workstealing/PrimeNumbersUnitManualTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/workstealing/PrimeNumbersUnitManualTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 4fbbef4e61..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/workstealing/PrimeNumbersUnitManualTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.workstealing;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
-import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.Runner;
-import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.RunnerException;
-import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.Options;
-import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.OptionsBuilder;
-
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
-import java.util.logging.Logger;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
-
-public class PrimeNumbersUnitManualTest {
-
- private static Logger logger = Logger.getAnonymousLogger();
-
- @Test
- public void givenPrimesCalculated_whenUsingPoolsAndOneThread_thenOneThreadSlowest() {
- Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
- .include(Benchmarker.class.getSimpleName())
- .forks(1)
- .build();
-
- try {
- new Runner(opt).run();
- } catch (RunnerException e) {
- fail();
- }
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenNewWorkStealingPool_whenGettingPrimes_thenStealCountChanges() {
- StringBuilder info = new StringBuilder();
-
- for (int granularity : PrimeNumbers.GRANULARITIES) {
- int parallelism = ForkJoinPool.getCommonPoolParallelism();
- ForkJoinPool pool =
- (ForkJoinPool) Executors.newWorkStealingPool(parallelism);
-
- stealCountInfo(info, granularity, pool);
- }
- logger.info("\nExecutors.newWorkStealingPool ->" + info.toString());
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenCommonPool_whenGettingPrimes_thenStealCountChangesSlowly() {
- StringBuilder info = new StringBuilder();
-
- for (int granularity : PrimeNumbers.GRANULARITIES) {
- ForkJoinPool pool = ForkJoinPool.commonPool();
- stealCountInfo(info, granularity, pool);
- }
- logger.info("\nForkJoinPool.commonPool ->" + info.toString());
- }
-
- private void stealCountInfo(StringBuilder info, int granularity, ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool) {
- PrimeNumbers primes = new PrimeNumbers(1, 10000, granularity, new AtomicInteger(0));
- forkJoinPool.invoke(primes);
- forkJoinPool.shutdown();
-
- long steals = forkJoinPool.getStealCount();
- String output = "\nGranularity: [" + granularity + "], Steals: [" + steals + "]";
- info.append(output);
- }
-
-
- @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
- @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
- @State(Scope.Benchmark)
- @Fork(value = 2, warmups = 1, jvmArgs = {"-Xms2G", "-Xmx2G"})
- public static class Benchmarker {
-
- @Benchmark
- public void singleThread() {
- PrimeNumbers primes = new PrimeNumbers(10000);
- primes.findPrimeNumbers(); // get prime numbers using a single thread
- }
-
- @Benchmark
- public void commonPoolBenchmark() {
- PrimeNumbers primes = new PrimeNumbers(10000);
- ForkJoinPool pool = ForkJoinPool.commonPool();
- pool.invoke(primes);
- pool.shutdown();
- }
-
- @Benchmark
- public void newWorkStealingPoolBenchmark() {
- PrimeNumbers primes = new PrimeNumbers(10000);
- int parallelism = ForkJoinPool.getCommonPoolParallelism();
- ForkJoinPool stealer = (ForkJoinPool) Executors.newWorkStealingPool(parallelism);
- stealer.invoke(primes);
- stealer.shutdown();
- }
- }
-}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b93cec0dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+### Relevant Articles:
+
+- [Binary Semaphore vs Reentrant Lock](https://www.baeldung.com/java-binary-semaphore-vs-reentrant-lock)
+- [Bad Practices With Synchronization](https://www.baeldung.com/java-synchronization-bad-practices)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb9ed3adc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ core-java-concurrency-advanced-4
+ 0.1.0-SNAPSHOT
+ core-java-concurrency-advanced-4
+ jar
+
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ core-java-modules
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+ ../
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ core-java-concurrency-advanced-4
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.plugins
+ maven-compiler-plugin
+
+ ${maven.compiler.source}
+ ${maven.compiler.target}
+
+
+
+
+
+ src/main/resources
+ true
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1.8
+ 1.8
+
+
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/synchronizationbadpractices/AnimalBadPractice.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/synchronizationbadpractices/AnimalBadPractice.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca6b7db765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/synchronizationbadpractices/AnimalBadPractice.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.synchronizationbadpractices;
+
+public class AnimalBadPractice {
+
+ private String name;
+ private String owner;
+
+ public String getName() {
+ return name;
+ }
+
+ public String getOwner() {
+ return owner;
+ }
+
+ public synchronized void setName(String name) {
+ this.name = name;
+ }
+
+ public void setOwner(String owner) {
+ synchronized(this) {
+ this.owner = owner;
+ }
+ }
+
+ public AnimalBadPractice() {
+
+ }
+
+ public AnimalBadPractice(String name, String owner) {
+ this.name = name;
+ this.owner = owner;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/synchronizationbadpractices/AnimalSolution.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/synchronizationbadpractices/AnimalSolution.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b49cfa05d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/synchronizationbadpractices/AnimalSolution.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.baeldung.synchronizationbadpractices;
+
+public class AnimalSolution {
+
+ private final Object objLock1 = new Object();
+ private final Object objLock2 = new Object();
+
+ private String name;
+ private String owner;
+
+ public String getName() {
+ return name;
+ }
+
+ public String getOwner() {
+ return owner;
+ }
+
+
+ public void setName(String name) {
+ synchronized(objLock1) {
+ this.name = name;
+ }
+ }
+
+ public void setOwner(String owner) {
+ synchronized(objLock2) {
+ this.owner = owner;
+ }
+ }
+
+ public AnimalSolution() {
+
+ }
+
+ public AnimalSolution(String name, String owner) {
+ this.name = name;
+ this.owner = owner;
+ }
+
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/synchronizationbadpractices/SynchronizationBadPracticeExample.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/synchronizationbadpractices/SynchronizationBadPracticeExample.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84d2e1cbb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/synchronizationbadpractices/SynchronizationBadPracticeExample.java
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package com.baeldung.synchronizationbadpractices;
+
+public class SynchronizationBadPracticeExample {
+
+ public void stringBadPractice1() {
+ String stringLock = "LOCK_STRING";
+ synchronized (stringLock) {
+ // ...
+ }
+ }
+
+ private final String stringLock = "LOCK_STRING";
+ public void stringBadPractice2() {
+ synchronized (stringLock) {
+ // ...
+ }
+ }
+
+ private final String internedStringLock = new String("LOCK_STRING").intern();
+ public void stringBadPractice3() {
+ synchronized (internedStringLock) {
+ // ...
+ }
+ }
+
+ private final Boolean booleanLock = Boolean.FALSE;
+ public void booleanBadPractice() {
+ synchronized (booleanLock) {
+ // ...
+ }
+ }
+
+ private int count = 0;
+ private final Integer intLock = count;
+ public void boxedPrimitiveBadPractice() {
+ synchronized (intLock) {
+ count++;
+ // ...
+ }
+ }
+
+ public void classBadPractice() throws InterruptedException {
+ AnimalBadPractice animalObj = new AnimalBadPractice("Tommy", "John");
+ synchronized(animalObj) {
+ while (true) {
+ Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/synchronizationbadpractices/SynchronizationSolutionExample.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/synchronizationbadpractices/SynchronizationSolutionExample.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3ab8a2cee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/synchronizationbadpractices/SynchronizationSolutionExample.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.synchronizationbadpractices;
+
+public class SynchronizationSolutionExample {
+
+ private final String stringLock = new String("LOCK_STRING");
+ public void stringSolution() {
+ synchronized (stringLock) {
+ // ...
+ }
+ }
+
+ private int count = 0;
+ private final Integer intLock = new Integer(count);
+ public void boxedPrimitiveSolution() {
+ synchronized(intLock) {
+ count++;
+ // ...
+ }
+ }
+
+ private static int staticCount = 0;
+ private static final Object staticObjLock = new Object();
+ public void staticVariableSolution() {
+ synchronized(staticObjLock) {
+ staticCount++;
+ // ...
+ }
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/binarysemaphorereentrantlock/BinarySemaphoreVsReentrantLockUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/binarysemaphorereentrantlock/BinarySemaphoreVsReentrantLockUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f456e82f39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/binarysemaphorereentrantlock/BinarySemaphoreVsReentrantLockUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package com.baeldung.binarysemaphorereentrantlock;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class BinarySemaphoreVsReentrantLockUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenBinarySemaphore_whenAcquireAndRelease_thenCheckAvailablePermits() throws InterruptedException {
+ Semaphore binarySemaphore = new Semaphore(1);
+ try {
+ binarySemaphore.acquire();
+ assertEquals(0, binarySemaphore.availablePermits());
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ } finally {
+ binarySemaphore.release();
+ assertEquals(1, binarySemaphore.availablePermits());
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenReentrantLock_whenLockAndUnlock_thenCheckHoldCountAndIsLocked() throws InterruptedException {
+ ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();
+ try {
+ reentrantLock.lock();
+ assertEquals(1, reentrantLock.getHoldCount());
+ assertEquals(true, reentrantLock.isLocked());
+ } finally {
+ reentrantLock.unlock();
+ assertEquals(0, reentrantLock.getHoldCount());
+ assertEquals(false, reentrantLock.isLocked());
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenReentrantLock_whenLockMultipleTimes_thenUnlockMultipleTimesToRelease() throws InterruptedException {
+ ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();
+ try {
+ reentrantLock.lock();
+ reentrantLock.lock();
+ assertEquals(2, reentrantLock.getHoldCount());
+ assertEquals(true, reentrantLock.isLocked());
+ } finally {
+ reentrantLock.unlock();
+ assertEquals(1, reentrantLock.getHoldCount());
+ assertEquals(true, reentrantLock.isLocked());
+
+ reentrantLock.unlock();
+ assertEquals(0, reentrantLock.getHoldCount());
+ assertEquals(false, reentrantLock.isLocked());
+ }
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced/src/main/java/com/baeldung/threadlocal/ThreadLocalAwareThreadPool.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced/src/main/java/com/baeldung/threadlocal/ThreadLocalAwareThreadPool.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a41cd9dbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-advanced/src/main/java/com/baeldung/threadlocal/ThreadLocalAwareThreadPool.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.threadlocal;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class ThreadLocalAwareThreadPool extends ThreadPoolExecutor {
+
+ public ThreadLocalAwareThreadPool(int corePoolSize,
+ int maximumPoolSize,
+ long keepAliveTime,
+ TimeUnit unit,
+ BlockingQueue workQueue,
+ ThreadFactory threadFactory,
+ RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
+ super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, threadFactory, handler);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
+ // Call remove on each ThreadLocal
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/README.md
index c7143baf36..c4a6105c56 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/README.md
@@ -3,10 +3,14 @@
This module contains articles about basic Java concurrency
### Relevant Articles:
+
- [How to Delay Code Execution in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-delay-code-execution)
- [wait and notify() Methods in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-wait-notify)
- [Difference Between Wait and Sleep in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-wait-and-sleep)
- [Guide to the Synchronized Keyword in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-synchronized)
- [Life Cycle of a Thread in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-thread-lifecycle)
- [Guide to AtomicMarkableReference](https://www.baeldung.com/java-atomicmarkablereference)
+- [Why are Local Variables Thread-Safe in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-local-variables-thread-safe)
+- [How to Stop Execution After a Certain Time in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-stop-execution-after-certain-time)
+- [How to Handle InterruptedException in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-interrupted-exception)
- [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/interrupt/CustomInterruptedException.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/interrupt/CustomInterruptedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4189df31d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/interrupt/CustomInterruptedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.interrupt;
+
+public class CustomInterruptedException extends Exception {
+
+ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+ CustomInterruptedException(String message) {
+ super(message);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/interrupt/InterruptExample.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/interrupt/InterruptExample.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d81769854
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/interrupt/InterruptExample.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.interrupt;
+
+public class InterruptExample extends Thread {
+
+ public static void propagateException() throws InterruptedException {
+ Thread.sleep(1000);
+ Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+ if (Thread.interrupted()) {
+ throw new InterruptedException();
+ }
+ }
+
+ public static Boolean restoreTheState() {
+ InterruptExample thread1 = new InterruptExample();
+ thread1.start();
+ thread1.interrupt();
+ return thread1.isInterrupted();
+ }
+
+ public void run() {
+ try {
+ Thread.sleep(1000);
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+ }
+ }
+
+ public static void throwCustomException() throws Exception {
+
+ Thread.sleep(1000);
+ Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+ if (Thread.interrupted()) {
+ throw new CustomInterruptedException("This thread was interrupted");
+ }
+ }
+
+ public static Boolean handleWithCustomException() throws CustomInterruptedException{
+ try {
+ Thread.sleep(1000);
+ Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+ throw new CustomInterruptedException("This thread was interrupted...");
+ }
+ return Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted();
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/stopexecution/StopExecution.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/stopexecution/StopExecution.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..20f66da5da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/stopexecution/StopExecution.java
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.stopexecution;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Timer;
+import java.util.TimerTask;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+public class StopExecution {
+ private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StopExecution.class);
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+ StopExecution stopExecution = new StopExecution();
+ //stopExecution.testUsingLoop();
+ //stopExecution.testTimer();
+ stopExecution.testScheduledExecutor();
+ LOG.info("done");
+ }
+
+ public void testUsingLoop() {
+ long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+ long end = start + 5000;
+ List items = new ArrayList<>();
+ int counter = 0;
+
+ // Let this loop run only upto 5 seconds
+ while (System.currentTimeMillis() < end && counter < items.size()) {
+ // Fetch the item from the list.
+ // Some expensive operation on the item.
+ try {
+ Thread.sleep(100);
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ }
+ counter++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ public static void testThreads() {
+ Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
+ @Override
+ public void run() {
+ LOG.info("inside run");
+
+ try {
+ Thread.sleep(10000);
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ }
+ LOG.info("exit run");
+ }
+ });
+ thread.start();
+ while (thread.getState() != Thread.State.TERMINATED) {
+ LOG.info(thread.getState().name());
+ try {
+ Thread.sleep(500);
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ public static void testExecutor() {
+ final ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+ Future f = null;
+ try {
+ f = service.submit(() -> {
+ // Do you long running calculation here
+ try {
+ Thread.sleep(2737); // Simulate some delay
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ LOG.info("Interrupted");
+ return "interrupted";
+ }
+ LOG.info("Sleep finished");
+ return "42";
+ });
+
+ LOG.info(f.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+ } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+ f.cancel(true);
+ LOG.error("Calculation took to long");
+ } catch (Exception e) {
+ throw new RuntimeException(e);
+ } finally {
+ service.shutdown();
+ }
+ }
+
+ public void testExecutor2() {
+ final ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+ Future f = null;
+ try {
+ f = service.submit(new LongRunningTask());
+ LOG.info("testExecutor2");
+ f.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+ } catch (final TimeoutException e) {
+ f.cancel(true);
+ LOG.error("Calculation took to long");
+ } catch (final Exception e) {
+ throw new RuntimeException(e);
+ } finally {
+ service.shutdownNow();
+ }
+ }
+
+ public void testScheduledExecutor() {
+ LOG.info("testScheduledExecutor");
+ ScheduledExecutorService executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
+ Future future = executor.submit(new LongRunningTask());
+ executor.schedule(new Runnable() {
+ public void run() {
+ future.cancel(true);
+ }
+ }, 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+ executor.shutdown();
+ }
+
+ public void testThreadAndInterrupt() {
+
+ Thread t;
+ try {
+ t = new Thread(new LongRunningTask());
+
+ LOG.info("testExecutor3");
+ long end = System.currentTimeMillis() + 2000;
+ t.start();
+ while (t.isAlive() && System.currentTimeMillis() < end) {
+ Thread.sleep(50);
+ }
+ t.interrupt();
+ } catch (final Exception e) {
+ throw new RuntimeException(e);
+ }
+ }
+
+ public void testTimer() {
+ LOG.info("Timer test");
+ Thread t = new Thread(new LongRunningTask());
+ Timer timeoutTimer = new Timer();
+ timeoutTimer.schedule(new TimeOutTask(t, timeoutTimer), 1000);
+ t.start();
+ }
+
+ class MyRunnableTask implements Runnable {
+ public void run() {
+ try {
+ LOG.info("MyRunnable...");
+ Thread.sleep(10000);
+ } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+ LOG.info("MyRunnable interrupted...");
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ class TimeOutTask extends TimerTask {
+ private Thread t;
+ private Timer timer;
+
+ TimeOutTask(Thread t, Timer timer) {
+ this.t = t;
+ this.timer = timer;
+ }
+
+ public void run() {
+ if (t != null && t.isAlive()) {
+ t.interrupt();
+ timer.cancel();
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ class LongRunningTask implements Runnable {
+ @Override
+ public void run() {
+ longRunningSort();
+ }
+
+ private void longRunningOperation() {
+ LOG.info("long Running operation started");
+
+ try {
+ //Thread.sleep(500);
+ longFileRead();
+ LOG.info("long running operation finished");
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ LOG.info("long Running operation interrupted");
+ }
+ }
+
+ private void longRunningSort() {
+ LOG.info("long Running task started");
+ // Do you long running calculation here
+ int len = 100000;
+ List numbers = new ArrayList<>();
+ try {
+ for (int i = len; i > 0; i--) {
+ //Thread.sleep(5)
+ numbers.add(i);
+ }
+
+ int i = 0;
+ for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+ int minIndex = i;
+ for (int j = i + 1; j < len; j++) {
+ if (numbers.get(minIndex) > numbers.get(j))
+ minIndex = j;
+ }
+ if (minIndex != i) {
+ int temp = numbers.get(i);
+ numbers.set(i, numbers.get(minIndex));
+ numbers.set(minIndex, temp);
+ }
+ throwExceptionOnThreadInterrupt();
+ }
+ LOG.info("Index position: " + i);
+ LOG.info("Long running task finished");
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ LOG.info("long Running operation interrupted");
+ }
+ }
+
+ private void longFileRead() throws InterruptedException {
+ String file = "input.txt";
+ ClassLoader classloader = getClass().getClassLoader();
+
+ try (InputStream inputStream = classloader.getResourceAsStream(file)) {
+ Reader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
+
+ int data = inputStreamReader.read();
+ while (data != -1) {
+ char theChar = (char) data;
+ data = inputStreamReader.read();
+ throwExceptionOnThreadInterrupt();
+ }
+ } catch (IOException e) {
+ LOG.error("Exception: ", e);
+ }
+ }
+
+ private void throwExceptionOnThreadInterrupt() throws InterruptedException {
+ if (Thread.currentThread().interrupted()) {
+ throw new InterruptedException();
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+}
+
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/interrupt/InterruptExampleUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/interrupt/InterruptExampleUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ea3f9aa9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-basic-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/interrupt/InterruptExampleUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.interrupt;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class InterruptExampleUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenPropagateException_thenThrowsInterruptedException() {
+ assertThrows(InterruptedException.class, () -> InterruptExample.propagateException());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenRestoreTheState_thenReturnsTrue() {
+ assertTrue(InterruptExample.restoreTheState());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenThrowCustomException_thenContainsExpectedMessage() {
+ Exception exception = assertThrows(CustomInterruptedException.class, () -> InterruptExample.throwCustomException());
+ String expectedMessage = "This thread was interrupted";
+ String actualMessage = exception.getMessage();
+
+ assertTrue(actualMessage.contains(expectedMessage));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenHandleWithCustomException_thenReturnsTrue() throws CustomInterruptedException{
+ assertTrue(InterruptExample.handleWithCustomException());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/README.md
index 91da6c623c..6ad6529efc 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/README.md
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
### Relevant Articles:
- [Introduction to Lock Striping](https://www.baeldung.com/java-lock-stripping)
+- [Guide to the Java TransferQueue](http://www.baeldung.com/java-transfer-queue)
+- [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/pom.xml
index 7fdd348dc5..19d43aa7dd 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/pom.xml
@@ -3,9 +3,16 @@
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
4.0.0
- com.baeldung.concurrent.lockcore-java-concurrency-collections-2
- 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+ 0.1.0-SNAPSHOT
+ core-java-concurrency-collections-2
+ jar
+
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ core-java-modules
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+ ../
+
@@ -16,12 +23,12 @@
org.openjdk.jmhjmh-core
- ${jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-core.version}org.openjdk.jmhjmh-generator-annprocess
- ${jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-generator.version}org.assertj
@@ -30,22 +37,8 @@
test
-
- src
-
-
- maven-compiler-plugin
- 3.8.0
-
- 1.8
- 1.8
-
-
-
-
- 1.2128.2-jre3.6.1
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/Consumer.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/Consumer.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/Consumer.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/Consumer.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/Producer.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/Producer.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/Producer.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/Producer.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/queue/ConcurrentLinkedQueueUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/queue/ConcurrentLinkedQueueUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8821887a9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/queue/ConcurrentLinkedQueueUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.queue;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+@FixMethodOrder
+public class ConcurrentLinkedQueueUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenThereIsExistingCollection_WhenAddedIntoQueue_ThenShouldContainElements() {
+ Collection elements = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+ ConcurrentLinkedQueue concurrentLinkedQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>(elements);
+ assertThat(concurrentLinkedQueue).containsExactly(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenQueueIsEmpty_WhenAccessingTheQueue_ThenQueueReturnsNull() throws InterruptedException {
+ ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
+ ConcurrentLinkedQueue concurrentLinkedQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
+ executorService.submit(() -> assertNull("Retrieve object is null", concurrentLinkedQueue.poll()));
+ TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
+ executorService.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+ executorService.shutdown();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenProducerOffersElementInQueue_WhenConsumerPollsQueue_ThenItRetrievesElement() throws Exception {
+ int element = 1;
+
+ ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
+ ConcurrentLinkedQueue concurrentLinkedQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
+ Runnable offerTask = () -> concurrentLinkedQueue.offer(element);
+
+ Callable pollTask = () -> {
+ while (concurrentLinkedQueue.peek() != null) {
+ return concurrentLinkedQueue.poll()
+ .intValue();
+ }
+ return null;
+ };
+
+ executorService.submit(offerTask);
+ TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
+
+ Future returnedElement = executorService.submit(pollTask);
+ assertThat(returnedElement.get()
+ .intValue(), is(equalTo(element)));
+ executorService.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+ executorService.shutdown();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/queue/LinkedBlockingQueueUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/queue/LinkedBlockingQueueUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1460c5196
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/queue/LinkedBlockingQueueUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package com.baeldung.concurrent.queue;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+@FixMethodOrder
+public class LinkedBlockingQueueUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenThereIsExistingCollection_WhenAddedIntoQueue_ThenShouldContainElements() {
+ Collection elements = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+ LinkedBlockingQueue linkedBlockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(elements);
+ assertThat(linkedBlockingQueue).containsExactly(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenQueueIsEmpty_WhenAccessingTheQueue_ThenThreadBlocks() throws InterruptedException {
+ ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
+ LinkedBlockingQueue linkedBlockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+ executorService.submit(() -> {
+ try {
+ linkedBlockingQueue.take();
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ }
+ });
+ TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
+ executorService.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+ executorService.shutdown();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenProducerPutsElementInQueue_WhenConsumerAccessQueue_ThenItRetrieve() {
+ int element = 10;
+ ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
+ LinkedBlockingQueue linkedBlockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+ Runnable putTask = () -> {
+ try {
+ linkedBlockingQueue.put(element);
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ }
+ };
+
+ Callable takeTask = () -> {
+ try {
+ return linkedBlockingQueue.take();
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ }
+ return null;
+ };
+
+ executorService.submit(putTask);
+ Future returnElement = executorService.submit(takeTask);
+ try {
+ TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
+ assertThat(returnElement.get()
+ .intValue(), is(equalTo(element)));
+ executorService.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+ } catch (Exception e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ }
+
+ executorService.shutdown();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/queue/TestConcurrentLinkedQueue.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/queue/TestConcurrentLinkedQueue.java
deleted file mode 100644
index c61becc366..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/queue/TestConcurrentLinkedQueue.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.concurrent.queue;
-
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
-import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
-
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
-import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
-import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-import java.util.concurrent.Future;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
-import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-@FixMethodOrder
-public class TestConcurrentLinkedQueue {
-
- @Test
- public void givenThereIsExistingCollection_WhenAddedIntoQueue_ThenShouldContainElements() {
- Collection elements = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
- ConcurrentLinkedQueue concurrentLinkedQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>(elements);
- assertThat(concurrentLinkedQueue).containsExactly(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenQueueIsEmpty_WhenAccessingTheQueue_ThenQueueReturnsNull() throws InterruptedException {
- ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
- ConcurrentLinkedQueue concurrentLinkedQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
- executorService.submit(() -> assertNull("Retrieve object is null", concurrentLinkedQueue.poll()));
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
- executorService.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- executorService.shutdown();
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenProducerOffersElementInQueue_WhenConsumerPollsQueue_ThenItRetrievesElement() throws Exception {
- int element = 1;
-
- ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
- ConcurrentLinkedQueue concurrentLinkedQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
- Runnable offerTask = () -> concurrentLinkedQueue.offer(element);
-
- Callable pollTask = () -> {
- while (concurrentLinkedQueue.peek() != null) {
- return concurrentLinkedQueue.poll()
- .intValue();
- }
- return null;
- };
-
- executorService.submit(offerTask);
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
-
- Future returnedElement = executorService.submit(pollTask);
- assertThat(returnedElement.get()
- .intValue(), is(equalTo(element)));
- executorService.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- executorService.shutdown();
- }
-}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/queue/TestLinkedBlockingQueue.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/queue/TestLinkedBlockingQueue.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 7a78bc7b3b..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/concurrent/queue/TestLinkedBlockingQueue.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.concurrent.queue;
-
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
-import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
-
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
-import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-import java.util.concurrent.Future;
-import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
-import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-@FixMethodOrder
-public class TestLinkedBlockingQueue {
-
- @Test
- public void givenThereIsExistingCollection_WhenAddedIntoQueue_ThenShouldContainElements() {
- Collection elements = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
- LinkedBlockingQueue linkedBlockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(elements);
- assertThat(linkedBlockingQueue).containsExactly(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenQueueIsEmpty_WhenAccessingTheQueue_ThenThreadBlocks() throws InterruptedException {
- ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
- LinkedBlockingQueue linkedBlockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
- executorService.submit(() -> {
- try {
- linkedBlockingQueue.take();
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- });
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
- executorService.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- executorService.shutdown();
- }
-
- @Test
- public void givenProducerPutsElementInQueue_WhenConsumerAccessQueue_ThenItRetrieve() {
- int element = 10;
- ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
- LinkedBlockingQueue linkedBlockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
- Runnable putTask = () -> {
- try {
- linkedBlockingQueue.put(element);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- };
-
- Callable takeTask = () -> {
- try {
- return linkedBlockingQueue.take();
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return null;
- };
-
- executorService.submit(putTask);
- Future returnElement = executorService.submit(takeTask);
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
- assertThat(returnElement.get()
- .intValue(), is(equalTo(element)));
- executorService.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
-
- executorService.shutdown();
- }
-}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/src/test/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/TransferQueueIntegrationTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/TransferQueueIntegrationTest.java
similarity index 92%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/src/test/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/TransferQueueIntegrationTest.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/TransferQueueIntegrationTest.java
index e49738e983..928597f81e 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/src/test/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/TransferQueueIntegrationTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/transferqueue/TransferQueueIntegrationTest.java
@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;
-import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedTransferQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TransferQueue;
import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertEquals;
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/README.md
index af6e7a8b59..94f93d1bfd 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/README.md
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This module contains articles about concurrent Java collections
- [Custom Thread Pools In Java 8 Parallel Streams](http://www.baeldung.com/java-8-parallel-streams-custom-threadpool)
- [Guide to DelayQueue](http://www.baeldung.com/java-delay-queue)
- [A Guide to Java SynchronousQueue](http://www.baeldung.com/java-synchronous-queue)
-- [Guide to the Java TransferQueue](http://www.baeldung.com/java-transfer-queue)
- [Guide to the ConcurrentSkipListMap](http://www.baeldung.com/java-concurrent-skip-list-map)
- [Guide to CopyOnWriteArrayList](http://www.baeldung.com/java-copy-on-write-arraylist)
- [LinkedBlockingQueue vs ConcurrentLinkedQueue](https://www.baeldung.com/java-queue-linkedblocking-concurrentlinked)
+- [[Next -->]](/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections-2)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/stream/ThreadPoolInParallelStreamIntegrationTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/stream/ThreadPoolInParallelStreamIntegrationTest.java
index 7ee849b0a2..ce96c107f8 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/stream/ThreadPoolInParallelStreamIntegrationTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-concurrency-collections/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/stream/ThreadPoolInParallelStreamIntegrationTest.java
@@ -21,14 +21,16 @@ public class ThreadPoolInParallelStreamIntegrationTest {
long lastNum = 1_000_000;
List aList = LongStream.rangeClosed(firstNum, lastNum).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList());
-
ForkJoinPool customThreadPool = new ForkJoinPool(4);
- long actualTotal = customThreadPool
- .submit(() -> aList.parallelStream()
- .reduce(0L, Long::sum))
- .get();
- assertEquals((lastNum + firstNum) * lastNum / 2, actualTotal);
+ try {
+ long actualTotal = customThreadPool
+ .submit(() -> aList.parallelStream().reduce(0L, Long::sum))
+ .get();
+ assertEquals((lastNum + firstNum) * lastNum / 2, actualTotal);
+ } finally {
+ customThreadPool.shutdown();
+ }
}
@Test
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-console/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-console/README.md
index 725e2482bb..0a31727588 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-console/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-console/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
#Core Java Console
-[Read and Write User Input in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-console-input-output)
-[Formatting with printf() in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-printstream-printf)
-[ASCII Art in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/ascii-art-in-java)
\ No newline at end of file
+### Relevant Articles:
+
+- [Read and Write User Input in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-console-input-output)
+- [Formatting with printf() in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-printstream-printf)
+- [ASCII Art in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/ascii-art-in-java)
+- [System.console() vs. System.out](https://www.baeldung.com/java-system-console-vs-system-out)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-console/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-console/pom.xml
index 1d58d8c253..fc4f1875ca 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-console/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-console/pom.xml
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@
org.codehaus.mojoexec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}javacom.baeldung.outofmemoryerror.OutOfMemoryGCLimitExceed
@@ -105,7 +104,6 @@
org.codehaus.mojoexec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}run-benchmarks
@@ -134,7 +132,6 @@
3.0.0-M1
- 1.6.01.81.8
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-console/src/main/java/com/baeldung/consoleout/ConsoleAndOut.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-console/src/main/java/com/baeldung/consoleout/ConsoleAndOut.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..082a5219c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-console/src/main/java/com/baeldung/consoleout/ConsoleAndOut.java
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.consoleout;
+
+import java.io.Console;
+
+public class ConsoleAndOut {
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+ try {
+ printConsoleObject();
+ readPasswordFromConsole();
+ } catch (Exception ex) {
+ // Eating NullPointerExcpetion which will occur when this
+ // program will be run from mediums other than console
+ }
+ printSysOut();
+ }
+
+ static void printConsoleObject() {
+ Console console = System.console();
+ console.writer().print(console);
+ }
+
+ static void readPasswordFromConsole() {
+ Console console = System.console();
+ char[] password = console.readPassword("Enter password: ");
+ console.printf(String.valueOf(password));
+ }
+
+ static void printSysOut() {
+ System.out.println(System.out);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-console/src/test/java/com/baeldung/consoleout/ConsoleAndOutUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-console/src/test/java/com/baeldung/consoleout/ConsoleAndOutUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..619a65a1fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-console/src/test/java/com/baeldung/consoleout/ConsoleAndOutUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.consoleout;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class ConsoleAndOutUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void whenRetreivingConsole_thenPrintConsoleObject() {
+ assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
+ ConsoleAndOut.printConsoleObject();
+ });
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void whenReadingPassword_thenReadPassword() {
+ assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
+ ConsoleAndOut.readPasswordFromConsole();
+ });
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void whenRetrievingSysOut_thenPrintSysOutObject() {
+ ConsoleAndOut.printSysOut();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-1/src/test/java/com/baeldung/date/DateDiffUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-1/src/test/java/com/baeldung/date/DateDiffUnitTest.java
index 226556d4bb..9a0779ccac 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-1/src/test/java/com/baeldung/date/DateDiffUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-1/src/test/java/com/baeldung/date/DateDiffUnitTest.java
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package com.baeldung.date;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import org.joda.time.Days;
+import org.joda.time.Minutes;
+import org.junit.Test;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.TimeZone;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
public class DateDiffUnitTest {
@@ -29,18 +31,39 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
long diffInMillies = Math.abs(secondDate.getTime() - firstDate.getTime());
long diff = TimeUnit.DAYS.convert(diffInMillies, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
- assertEquals(diff, 6);
+ assertEquals(6, diff);
}
@Test
- public void givenTwoDatesInJava8_whenDifferentiating_thenWeGetSix() {
- LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();
- LocalDate sixDaysBehind = now.minusDays(6);
+ public void givenTwoDatesInJava8_whenUsingPeriodGetDays_thenWorks() {
+ LocalDate aDate = LocalDate.of(2020, 9, 11);
+ LocalDate sixDaysBehind = aDate.minusDays(6);
- Period period = Period.between(now, sixDaysBehind);
+ Period period = Period.between(aDate, sixDaysBehind);
int diff = Math.abs(period.getDays());
- assertEquals(diff, 6);
+ assertEquals(6, diff);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoDatesInJava8_whenUsingPeriodGetDays_thenDoesNotWork() {
+ LocalDate aDate = LocalDate.of(2020, 9, 11);
+ LocalDate sixtyDaysBehind = aDate.minusDays(60);
+ Period period = Period.between(aDate, sixtyDaysBehind);
+ int diff = Math.abs(period.getDays());
+ //not equals
+ assertNotEquals(60, diff);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoDatesInJava8_whenUsingPeriod_thenWeGet0Year1Month29Days() {
+ LocalDate aDate = LocalDate.of(2020, 9, 11);
+ LocalDate sixtyDaysBehind = aDate.minusDays(60);
+ Period period = Period.between(aDate, sixtyDaysBehind);
+ int years = Math.abs(period.getYears());
+ int months = Math.abs(period.getMonths());
+ int days = Math.abs(period.getDays());
+ assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1, 29 }, new int[] { years, months, days });
}
@Test
@@ -51,7 +74,7 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
Duration duration = Duration.between(now, sixMinutesBehind);
long diff = Math.abs(duration.toMinutes());
- assertEquals(diff, 6);
+ assertEquals(6, diff);
}
@Test
@@ -61,7 +84,7 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
long diff = ChronoUnit.SECONDS.between(now, tenSecondsLater);
- assertEquals(diff, 10);
+ assertEquals(10, diff);
}
@Test
@@ -69,9 +92,9 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.now();
ZonedDateTime now = ldt.atZone(ZoneId.of("America/Montreal"));
ZonedDateTime sixDaysBehind = now.withZoneSameInstant(ZoneId.of("Asia/Singapore"))
- .minusDays(6);
+ .minusDays(6);
long diff = ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(sixDaysBehind, now);
- assertEquals(diff, 6);
+ assertEquals(6, diff);
}
@Test
@@ -81,7 +104,7 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
long diff = now.until(tenSecondsLater, ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
- assertEquals(diff, 10);
+ assertEquals(10, diff);
}
@Test
@@ -89,10 +112,9 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
org.joda.time.LocalDate now = org.joda.time.LocalDate.now();
org.joda.time.LocalDate sixDaysBehind = now.minusDays(6);
- org.joda.time.Period period = new org.joda.time.Period(now, sixDaysBehind);
- long diff = Math.abs(period.getDays());
+ long diff = Math.abs(Days.daysBetween(now, sixDaysBehind).getDays());
- assertEquals(diff, 6);
+ assertEquals(6, diff);
}
@Test
@@ -100,8 +122,9 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
org.joda.time.LocalDateTime now = org.joda.time.LocalDateTime.now();
org.joda.time.LocalDateTime sixMinutesBehind = now.minusMinutes(6);
- org.joda.time.Period period = new org.joda.time.Period(now, sixMinutesBehind);
- long diff = Math.abs(period.getDays());
+ long diff = Math.abs(Minutes.minutesBetween(now, sixMinutesBehind).getMinutes());
+ assertEquals(6, diff);
+
}
@Test
@@ -111,6 +134,6 @@ public class DateDiffUnitTest {
long diff = Math.abs(now.numDaysFrom(sixDaysBehind));
- assertEquals(diff, 6);
+ assertEquals(6, diff);
}
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-2/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-2/README.md
index 6dc1302d99..557e4c3517 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-2/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-2/README.md
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
This module contains articles about date operations in Java.
### Relevant Articles:
+
- [Get the Current Date Prior to Java 8](https://www.baeldung.com/java-get-the-current-date-legacy)
- [Skipping Weekends While Adding Days to LocalDate in Java 8](https://www.baeldung.com/java-localdate-add-days-skip-weekends)
- [Checking If Two Java Dates Are on the Same Day](https://www.baeldung.com/java-check-two-dates-on-same-day)
@@ -9,4 +10,5 @@ This module contains articles about date operations in Java.
- [How to Set the JVM Time Zone](https://www.baeldung.com/java-jvm-time-zone)
- [How to determine day of week by passing specific date in Java?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-get-day-of-week)
- [Finding Leap Years in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-leap-year)
+- [Getting the Week Number From Any Date](https://www.baeldung.com/java-get-week-number)
- [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-1)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-conversion/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/ConvertInstantToTimestampUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-conversion/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/ConvertInstantToTimestampUnitTest.java
index e5fd80285c..bb36dd634e 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-conversion/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/ConvertInstantToTimestampUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-conversion/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/ConvertInstantToTimestampUnitTest.java
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.TimeZone;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@@ -21,9 +22,12 @@ public class ConvertInstantToTimestampUnitTest {
instant = timestamp.toInstant();
assertThat(instant.toEpochMilli()).isEqualTo(timestamp.getTime());
- DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance();
- df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SS'Z'");
+ DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS'Z'");
+ formatter = formatter.withZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC").toZoneId());
+
+ DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS'Z'");
df.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
- assertThat(instant.toString()).isEqualTo(df.format(timestamp).toString());
+
+ assertThat(formatter.format(instant)).isEqualTo(df.format(timestamp));
}
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/date/StringToDateUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/date/StringToDateUnitTest.java
index e07422a9c6..0d2bb810f0 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/date/StringToDateUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/date/StringToDateUnitTest.java
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ public class StringToDateUnitTest {
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2015, 05, 05, 10, 15, 30);
ZonedDateTime expectedZonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.of(localDateTime, ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
- ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.parse("2015-05-05T10:15:30+01:00[Europe/Paris]");
+ DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss z");
+ ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.parse("2015-05-05 10:15:30 Europe/Paris", formatter);
assertThat(zonedDateTime).isEqualTo(expectedZonedDateTime);
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/DateTimeFormatterUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/DateTimeFormatterUnitTest.java
index f3b2b11893..b1c88cb44c 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/DateTimeFormatterUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/DateTimeFormatterUnitTest.java
@@ -38,14 +38,16 @@ public class DateTimeFormatterUnitTest {
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2018, 1, 1, 10, 15, 50, 500);
ZoneId losAngelesTimeZone = TimeZone.getTimeZone("America/Los_Angeles").toZoneId();
- DateTimeFormatter localizedFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.FULL);
- DateTimeFormatter frLocalizedFormatter =
- DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.FULL).withLocale(Locale.FRANCE);
+ DateTimeFormatter localizedFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("EEEE, MMMM dd, yyyy z", Locale.US);
+ DateTimeFormatter frLocalizedFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("EEEE, MMMM dd, yyyy z", Locale.FRANCE);
String formattedDateTime = localizedFormatter.format(ZonedDateTime.of(localDateTime, losAngelesTimeZone));
String frFormattedDateTime = frLocalizedFormatter.format(ZonedDateTime.of(localDateTime, losAngelesTimeZone));
- Assert.assertEquals("Monday, January 1, 2018 10:15:50 AM PST", formattedDateTime);
- Assert.assertEquals("lundi 1 janvier 2018 10 h 15 PST", frFormattedDateTime);
+ System.out.println(formattedDateTime);
+ System.out.println(frFormattedDateTime);
+
+ Assert.assertEquals("Monday, January 01, 2018 PST", formattedDateTime);
+ Assert.assertEquals("lundi, janvier 01, 2018 PST", frFormattedDateTime);
}
@Test
@@ -105,14 +107,15 @@ public class DateTimeFormatterUnitTest {
Assert.assertEquals("8/23/16", DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.SHORT).format(anotherSummerDay));
}
- @Test
- public void shouldPrintStyledDateTime() {
- LocalDateTime anotherSummerDay = LocalDateTime.of(2016, 8, 23, 13, 12, 45);
- Assert.assertEquals("Tuesday, August 23, 2016 1:12:45 PM EET", DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.FULL).withZone(ZoneId.of("Europe/Helsinki")).format(anotherSummerDay));
- Assert.assertEquals("August 23, 2016 1:12:45 PM EET", DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.LONG).withZone(ZoneId.of("Europe/Helsinki")).format(anotherSummerDay));
- Assert.assertEquals("Aug 23, 2016 1:12:45 PM", DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.MEDIUM).withZone(ZoneId.of("Europe/Helsinki")).format(anotherSummerDay));
- Assert.assertEquals("8/23/16 1:12 PM", DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.SHORT).withZone(ZoneId.of("Europe/Helsinki")).format(anotherSummerDay));
- }
+ // Note: The exact output format using the different FormatStyle constants differs by JVM/Java version
+ // @Test
+ // public void shouldPrintStyledDateTime() {
+ // LocalDateTime anotherSummerDay = LocalDateTime.of(2016, 8, 23, 13, 12, 45);
+ // Assert.assertEquals("Tuesday, August 23, 2016 1:12:45 PM EET", DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.FULL).withZone(ZoneId.of("Europe/Helsinki")).format(anotherSummerDay));
+ // Assert.assertEquals("August 23, 2016 1:12:45 PM EET", DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.LONG).withZone(ZoneId.of("Europe/Helsinki")).format(anotherSummerDay));
+ // Assert.assertEquals("Aug 23, 2016 1:12:45 PM", DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.MEDIUM).withZone(ZoneId.of("Europe/Helsinki")).format(anotherSummerDay));
+ // Assert.assertEquals("8/23/16 1:12 PM", DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.SHORT).withZone(ZoneId.of("Europe/Helsinki")).format(anotherSummerDay));
+ // }
@Test
public void shouldPrintFormattedDateTimeWithPredefined() {
@@ -126,11 +129,12 @@ public class DateTimeFormatterUnitTest {
Assert.assertEquals(LocalDate.of(2018, 3, 12), LocalDate.from(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE.parse("2018-03-09")).plusDays(3));
}
- @Test
- public void shouldParseFormatStyleFull() {
- ZonedDateTime dateTime = ZonedDateTime.from(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.FULL).parse("Tuesday, August 23, 2016 1:12:45 PM EET"));
- Assert.assertEquals(ZonedDateTime.of(LocalDateTime.of(2016, 8, 23, 22, 12, 45), ZoneId.of("Europe/Bucharest")), dateTime.plusHours(9));
- }
+ // Note: The exact output format using the different FormatStyle constants differs by JVM/Java version
+ // @Test
+ // public void shouldParseFormatStyleFull() {
+ // ZonedDateTime dateTime = ZonedDateTime.from(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.FULL).parse("Tuesday, August 23, 2016 1:12:45 PM EET"));
+ // Assert.assertEquals(ZonedDateTime.of(LocalDateTime.of(2016, 8, 23, 22, 12, 45), ZoneId.of("Europe/Bucharest")), dateTime.plusHours(9));
+ // }
@Test
public void shouldParseDateWithCustomFormatter() {
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/timestamp/TimestampToStringConverterTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/timestamp/TimestampToStringConverterTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index b25ff2edb3..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/timestamp/TimestampToStringConverterTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.timestamp;
-
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
-import java.sql.Timestamp;
-import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
-
-public class TimestampToStringConverterTest {
-
- @Test
- public void givenDatePattern_whenFormatting_thenResultingStringIsCorrect() {
- Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.valueOf("2018-12-12 01:02:03.123456789");
- DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME;
-
- String timestampAsString = formatter.format(timestamp.toLocalDateTime());
- Assert.assertEquals("2018-12-12T01:02:03.123456789", timestampAsString);
- }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/timestamp/TimestampToStringConverterUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/timestamp/TimestampToStringConverterUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b928047a9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-datetime-string/src/test/java/com/baeldung/timestamp/TimestampToStringConverterUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.timestamp;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.sql.Timestamp;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+
+public class TimestampToStringConverterUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDatePattern_whenFormatting_thenResultingStringIsCorrect() {
+ Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.valueOf("2018-12-12 01:02:03.123456789");
+ DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME;
+
+ String timestampAsString = formatter.format(timestamp.toLocalDateTime());
+ Assert.assertEquals("2018-12-12T01:02:03.123456789", timestampAsString);
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-2/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-2/README.md
index 46ffd490be..e6441c2c12 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-2/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-2/README.md
@@ -12,3 +12,5 @@ This module contains articles about core java exceptions
- [Java – Try with Resources](https://www.baeldung.com/java-try-with-resources)
- [Java Global Exception Handler](https://www.baeldung.com/java-global-exception-handler)
- [How to Find an Exception’s Root Cause in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-exception-root-cause)
+- [Java IOException “Too many open files”](https://www.baeldung.com/java-too-many-open-files)
+- [When Does Java Throw the ExceptionInInitializerError?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-exceptionininitializererror)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1372381a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+### Relevant Articles:
+
+- [NoSuchMethodError in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-nosuchmethod-error)
+- [IllegalArgumentException or NullPointerException for a Null Parameter?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-illegalargumentexception-or-nullpointerexception)
+- [IllegalMonitorStateException in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-illegalmonitorstateexception)
+- [AbstractMethodError in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-abstractmethoderror)
+- [Java IndexOutOfBoundsException “Source Does Not Fit in Dest”](https://www.baeldung.com/java-indexoutofboundsexception)
+- [Localizing Exception Messages in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-localize-exception-messages)
+- [Explanation of ClassCastException in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-classcastexception)
+- [NoSuchFieldError in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-nosuchfielderror)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c36fd0af1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ com.baeldung.exceptions
+ core-java-exceptions-3
+ 0.1.0-SNAPSHOT
+ core-java-exceptions-3
+ jar
+
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ core-java-modules
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+ ../
+
+
+
+
+
+ com.h2database
+ h2
+ 1.4.191
+ test
+
+
+
+
+ org.assertj
+ assertj-core
+ ${assertj-core.version}
+ test
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3.10.0
+
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemo.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34e6f1c998
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemo {
+ static List copyList(List source) {
+ List destination = new ArrayList<>();
+
+ destination.addAll(source);
+
+ return destination;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemo.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..664e2152d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemo {
+ static void copyList(List source, List destination) {
+ Collections.copy(destination, source);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingConstructorDemo.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingConstructorDemo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..493031ba0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingConstructorDemo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class CopyListUsingConstructorDemo {
+ static List copyList(List source) {
+ return new ArrayList<>(source);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemo.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9d0247d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public class CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemo {
+ static List copyList(List source) {
+ return source
+ .stream()
+ .collect(Collectors.toList());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemo.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78b7b03bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemo {
+ static List copyList(List source) {
+ List destination = new ArrayList<>(source.size());
+ Collections.copy(destination, source);
+ return destination;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Amphibian.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Amphibian.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f31c19bc0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Amphibian.java
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.classcastexception;
+
+public class Amphibian implements Animal {
+
+ @Override
+ public String getName() {
+ return "Amphibian";
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Animal.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Animal.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b57f68f053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Animal.java
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.classcastexception;
+
+public interface Animal {
+
+ String getName();
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Box.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Box.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb67407218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Box.java
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.classcastexception;
+
+public class Box {
+
+ private T content;
+
+ public T getContent() {
+ return content;
+ }
+
+ public void setContent(T content) {
+ this.content = content;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Frog.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Frog.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3837f4c2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Frog.java
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.classcastexception;
+
+public class Frog extends Amphibian {
+
+ @Override
+ public String getName() {
+ return super.getName() + ": Frog";
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Mammal.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Mammal.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2723cc5b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/Mammal.java
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.classcastexception;
+
+public class Mammal implements Animal {
+
+ @Override
+ public String getName() {
+ return "Mammal";
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/Data.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/Data.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5867d15e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/Data.java
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.illegalmonitorstate;
+
+public class Data {
+ private String message;
+
+ public void send(String message) {
+ this.message = message;
+ }
+
+ public String receive() {
+ return message;
+ }
+}
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/SynchronizedReceiver.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/SynchronizedReceiver.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff6b926cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/SynchronizedReceiver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.illegalmonitorstate;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class SynchronizedReceiver implements Runnable {
+ private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SynchronizedReceiver.class);
+ private final Data data;
+ private String message;
+ private boolean illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+
+ public SynchronizedReceiver(Data data) {
+ this.data = data;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void run() {
+ synchronized (data) {
+ try {
+ data.wait();
+ this.message = data.receive();
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ log.error("thread was interrupted", e);
+ Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+ } catch (IllegalMonitorStateException e) {
+ log.error("illegal monitor state exception occurred", e);
+ illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred = true;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ public boolean hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred() {
+ return illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+ }
+
+ public String getMessage() {
+ return message;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/SynchronizedSender.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/SynchronizedSender.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1618bc8efa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/SynchronizedSender.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.illegalmonitorstate;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class SynchronizedSender implements Runnable {
+ private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SynchronizedSender.class);
+ private final Data data;
+ private boolean illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+
+ public SynchronizedSender(Data data) {
+ this.data = data;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void run() {
+ synchronized (data) {
+ try {
+ Thread.sleep(1000);
+
+ data.send("test");
+
+ data.notifyAll();
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ log.error("thread was interrupted", e);
+ Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+ } catch (IllegalMonitorStateException e) {
+ log.error("illegal monitor state exception occurred", e);
+ illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred = true;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ public boolean hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred() {
+ return illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/UnsynchronizedReceiver.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/UnsynchronizedReceiver.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a0b72e6cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/UnsynchronizedReceiver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.illegalmonitorstate;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class UnsynchronizedReceiver implements Runnable {
+ private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UnsynchronizedReceiver.class);
+ private final Data data;
+ private String message;
+ private boolean illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+
+ public UnsynchronizedReceiver(Data data) {
+ this.data = data;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void run() {
+ try {
+ data.wait();
+ this.message = data.receive();
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ log.error("thread was interrupted", e);
+ Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+ } catch (IllegalMonitorStateException e) {
+ log.error("illegal monitor state exception occurred", e);
+ illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred = true;
+ }
+ }
+
+ public boolean hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred() {
+ return illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+ }
+
+ public String getMessage() {
+ return message;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/UnsynchronizedSender.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/UnsynchronizedSender.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f15418bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/UnsynchronizedSender.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.illegalmonitorstate;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class UnsynchronizedSender implements Runnable {
+ private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UnsynchronizedSender.class);
+ private final Data data;
+ private boolean illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+
+ public UnsynchronizedSender(Data data) {
+ this.data = data;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void run() {
+ try {
+ Thread.sleep(1000);
+
+ data.send("test");
+
+ data.notifyAll();
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ log.error("thread was interrupted", e);
+ Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+ } catch (IllegalMonitorStateException e) {
+ log.error("illegal monitor state exception occurred", e);
+ illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred = true;
+ }
+ }
+
+ public boolean hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred() {
+ return illegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/LocalizedException.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/LocalizedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3f9980b99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/LocalizedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.localization;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+public class LocalizedException extends Exception {
+
+ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+ private final String messageKey;
+ private final Locale locale;
+
+ public LocalizedException(String messageKey) {
+ this(messageKey, Locale.getDefault());
+ }
+
+ public LocalizedException(String messageKey, Locale locale) {
+ this.messageKey = messageKey;
+ this.locale = locale;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * @return a localized message based on the messageKey provided at instantiation.
+ */
+ public String getMessage() {
+
+ /*
+ * This is a deliberate role reversal of the default implementation of getLocalizedMessage.
+ * some logging frameworks like Log4J 1 & 2 and Logback will use getMessage instead of
+ * getLocalizedMessage when logging Throwables. If we want to use these frameworks in client
+ * applications to log localized messages, then we'll need to override getMessage in a
+ * similar fashion to return the appropriate content. Or, you can call getLocalizedMessage
+ * on your own to create the log content.
+ */
+ return getLocalizedMessage();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * @return a localized message based on the messageKey provided at instantiation.
+ */
+ public String getLocalizedMessage() {
+
+ /*
+ * java.util.logging uses getLocalizedMessage when logging Throwables.
+ */
+ return Messages.getMessageForLocale(messageKey, locale);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/Messages.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/Messages.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1079bedd1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/Messages.java
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.localization;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.ResourceBundle;
+
+public class Messages {
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the value for the messageKey from the locale-specific messages.properties, or from
+ * the base messages.properties for unsupported locales.
+ *
+ * @param messageKey The key for the message in the messages.properties ResourceBundle.
+ * @param locale The locale to search the message key.
+ * @return The value defined for the messageKey in the provided locale.
+ */
+ public static String getMessageForLocale(String messageKey, Locale locale) {
+
+ /*
+ * For more complex implementations, you will want a var-args parameter for MessageFormat
+ * substitutions. Then we can read the value from the bundle and pass the value with the
+ * substitutions to MessageFormat to create the final message value.
+ */
+ return ResourceBundle.getBundle("messages", locale)
+ .getString(messageKey);
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchfielderror/Dependency.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchfielderror/Dependency.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31ac54ac6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchfielderror/Dependency.java
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.nosuchfielderror;
+
+public class Dependency {
+
+ // This needed to be commented post compilation of NoSuchFielDError and Compile
+ public static String message = "Hello Baeldung!!";
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchfielderror/FieldErrorExample.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchfielderror/FieldErrorExample.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..021ed57d87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchfielderror/FieldErrorExample.java
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.nosuchfielderror;
+
+public class FieldErrorExample {
+
+ public static void main(String... args) {
+
+ fetchAndPrint();
+ }
+
+ public static String getDependentMessage() {
+
+ return Dependency.message;
+ }
+
+ public static void fetchAndPrint() {
+
+ System.out.println(getDependentMessage());
+ }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchmethoderror/MainMenu.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchmethoderror/MainMenu.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f12cbe1897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchmethoderror/MainMenu.java
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.nosuchmethoderror;
+
+public class MainMenu {
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+ System.out.println("Today's Specials: " + getSpecials());
+ }
+
+ public static String getSpecials() {
+ return SpecialToday.getDesert();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchmethoderror/SpecialToday.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchmethoderror/SpecialToday.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b0dea9784
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchmethoderror/SpecialToday.java
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.nosuchmethoderror;
+public class SpecialToday {
+ private static String desert = "Chocolate Cake";
+
+ public static String getDesert() {
+ return desert;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/nullmethodparameter/NullParameterExample.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/nullmethodparameter/NullParameterExample.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c2c76bdc46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/nullmethodparameter/NullParameterExample.java
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.nullmethodparameter;
+
+public class NullParameterExample {
+ public void processSomethingNotNull(Object myParameter) {
+ if (myParameter == null) {
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameter 'myParameter' cannot be null");
+ }
+ //Do something with the parameter
+ }
+
+ public void processSomethingElseNotNull(Object myParameter) {
+ if (myParameter == null) {
+ throw new NullPointerException("Parameter 'myParameter' cannot be null");
+ }
+ //Do something with the parameter
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/resources/messages.properties b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/resources/messages.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6122d7f21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/resources/messages.properties
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+message.exception = I am an exception.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/resources/messages_fr.properties b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/resources/messages_fr.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f28e0d54ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/resources/messages_fr.properties
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+message.exception = Je suis une exception.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemoUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemoUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..204bbff696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemoUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemoUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void whenPassValidArrayList_thenCopyListUsingAddAllMethod() {
+ List source = Arrays.asList(11, 22, 33);
+
+ assertEquals(source, CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemo.copyList(source));
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemoUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemoUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ebf7461a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemoUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+public class CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemoUnitTest {
+ @Test
+ void whenCopyListUsingCollectionsCopy_thenOverrideAllDestinationListValues() {
+ List source = Arrays.asList(11, 22, 33);
+ List destination = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3);
+
+ CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemo.copyList(source, destination);
+
+ assertEquals(source, destination);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void whenCopyListUsingCollectionsCopy_thenOverrideInitialDestinationValuesAndOthersShouldBeUnchanged(){
+ List source = Arrays.asList(11, 22, 33);
+ List destination = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+ List expectedList = Arrays.asList(11, 22, 33, 4, 5);
+
+ CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemo.copyList(source, destination);
+
+ assertEquals(expectedList, destination);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingConstructorDemoUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingConstructorDemoUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd15c5055c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingConstructorDemoUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class CopyListUsingConstructorDemoUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void whenCopyListUsingConstructor_thenMakeACopyOfList() {
+ List source = Arrays.asList(11, 22, 33);
+
+ assertEquals(source, CopyListUsingConstructorDemo.copyList(source));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemoUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemoUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fb8e16b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemoUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemoUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void whenCopyListUsingStream_thenMakeACopyOfArrayList() {
+ List source = Arrays.asList(11, 22, 33);
+
+ assertEquals(source, CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemo.copyList(source));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemoUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemoUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9929fa78d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemoUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+
+class IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemoUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void givenDestinationArrayListSizeIsZero_whenCopySourceArrayListToDestination_thenShouldThrowIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
+ List source = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+
+ assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemo.copyList(source));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenSourceAndDestinationListSizeIsEqual_whenCopySourceArrayListToDestination_thenShouldNotThrowIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
+ List source = Collections.emptyList();
+
+ assertEquals(source, IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemo.copyList(source));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/abstractmethoderror/AbstractMethodErrorUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/abstractmethoderror/AbstractMethodErrorUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cadc884487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/abstractmethoderror/AbstractMethodErrorUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.abstractmethoderror;
+
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+
+class AbstractMethodErrorUnitTest {
+ private static final String url = "jdbc:h2:mem:A-DATABASE;INIT=CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS myschema";
+ private static final String username = "sa";
+
+ @Test
+ void givenOldH2Database_whenCallgetSchemaMethod_thenThrowAbstractMethodError() throws SQLException {
+ Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, "");
+ assertNotNull(conn);
+ Assertions.assertThrows(AbstractMethodError.class, () -> conn.getSchema());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/CheckedCastsUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/CheckedCastsUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7fac000fa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/CheckedCastsUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.classcastexception;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+public class CheckedCastsUnitTest {
+
+ @Test(expected = ClassCastException.class)
+ public void givenBaseTypeVariableReferencingChildInstance_whenCastToIncompatibleSubtype_thenClassCastException() {
+ Animal animal = new Frog();
+
+ //A checked downcast to Mammal is incompatible from Frog because Frog is not a subtype of Mammal.
+ Mammal mammal = (Mammal) animal;
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = ClassCastException.class)
+ public void givenBaseTypeVariableReferencingChildInstance_whenCastToIncompatibleInterface_thenClassCastException() {
+ Animal animal = new Frog();
+
+ //A checked cast to Serializable is incompatible from Frog because Frog is not a subtype of Serializable.
+ Serializable serial = (Serializable) animal;
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = ClassCastException.class)
+ public void givenObjectVariableReferencingPrimitiveArray_whenCastToBoxedTypeArray_thenClassCastException() {
+ Object primitives = new int[1];
+
+ //A checked cast to Integer[] is incompatible from primitive arrays. Auto-boxing does not work for arrays.
+ Integer[] integers = (Integer[]) primitives;
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = ClassCastException.class)
+ public void givenObjectVariableReferencingPrimitiveArray_whenCastToPromotedTypeArray_thenClassCastException() {
+ Object primitives = new int[1];
+
+ //A checked cast to long[] is incompatible from int[]. Type promotion does not work for arrays.
+ long[] longs = (long[]) primitives;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/GenericConversionUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/GenericConversionUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..027ece2db7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/GenericConversionUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.classcastexception;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class GenericConversionUnitTest {
+
+ @Test(expected = ClassCastException.class)
+ public void givenIncompatibleType_whenConvertInstanceOfObject_thenClassCastException() {
+ // Should have been null, but due to type erasure, inside convertInstanceOfObject,
+ // it will attempt to cast to Object instead of String, so it casts to Object, which is always possible.
+ String shouldBeNull = convertInstanceOfObject(123);
+ }
+
+ public static T convertInstanceOfObject(Object o) {
+ try {
+ return (T) o; // Casts to Object due to type erasure
+ } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+ return null; // Will never reach this
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/UncheckedConversionUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/UncheckedConversionUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..60e7d5a147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/classcastexception/UncheckedConversionUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.classcastexception;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class UncheckedConversionUnitTest {
+
+ @Test(expected = ClassCastException.class)
+ public void givenPollutedGenericType_whenGetProperty_thenClassCastException() {
+ Box originalBox = new Box<>();
+ Box raw = originalBox;
+ raw.setContent(2.5);
+ Box bound = (Box) raw;
+
+ //An incompatible element was found in the raw box.
+ Long content = bound.getContent();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/IllegalMonitorStateExceptionUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/IllegalMonitorStateExceptionUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82c00bc72f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/illegalmonitorstate/IllegalMonitorStateExceptionUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.illegalmonitorstate;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+public class IllegalMonitorStateExceptionUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void whenSyncSenderAndSyncReceiverAreUsed_thenIllegalMonitorExceptionShouldNotBeThrown() throws InterruptedException {
+ Data data = new Data();
+
+ SynchronizedReceiver receiver = new SynchronizedReceiver(data);
+ Thread receiverThread = new Thread(receiver, "receiver-thread");
+ receiverThread.start();
+
+ SynchronizedSender sender = new SynchronizedSender(data);
+ Thread senderThread = new Thread(sender, "sender-thread");
+ senderThread.start();
+
+ senderThread.join(1000);
+ receiverThread.join(1000);
+
+ Thread.sleep(2000);
+
+ assertEquals("test", receiver.getMessage());
+ assertFalse(sender.hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred());
+ assertFalse(receiver.hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void whenSyncSenderAndUnSyncReceiverAreUsed_thenIllegalMonitorExceptionShouldNotBeThrown() throws InterruptedException {
+ Data data = new Data();
+
+ UnsynchronizedReceiver receiver = new UnsynchronizedReceiver(data);
+ Thread receiverThread = new Thread(receiver, "receiver-thread");
+ receiverThread.start();
+
+ SynchronizedSender sender = new SynchronizedSender(data);
+ Thread senderThread = new Thread(sender, "sender-thread");
+ senderThread.start();
+
+
+ receiverThread.join(1000);
+ senderThread.join(1000);
+
+ assertNull(receiver.getMessage());
+ assertFalse(sender.hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred());
+ assertTrue(receiver.hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void whenUnSyncSenderAndSyncReceiverAreUsed_thenIllegalMonitorExceptionShouldBeThrown() throws InterruptedException {
+ Data data = new Data();
+
+ SynchronizedReceiver receiver = new SynchronizedReceiver(data);
+ Thread receiverThread = new Thread(receiver, "receiver-thread");
+ receiverThread.start();
+
+ UnsynchronizedSender sender = new UnsynchronizedSender(data);
+ Thread senderThread = new Thread(sender, "sender-thread");
+ senderThread.start();
+
+
+ receiverThread.join(1000);
+ senderThread.join(1000);
+
+ assertNull(receiver.getMessage());
+ assertFalse(receiver.hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred());
+ assertTrue(sender.hasIllegalMonitorStateExceptionOccurred());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/LocalizedExceptionUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/LocalizedExceptionUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a46ca05d23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/LocalizedExceptionUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.localization;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class LocalizedExceptionUnitTest {
+
+ private Locale originalDefaultLocale;
+
+ @Before
+ public void saveOriginalDefaultLocale() {
+ originalDefaultLocale = Locale.getDefault();
+ }
+
+ @After
+ public void restoreOriginalDefaultLocale() {
+ Locale.setDefault(originalDefaultLocale);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUsEnglishDefaultLocale_whenLocalizingMessage_thenMessageComesFromDefaultMessages() {
+ Locale.setDefault(Locale.US);
+
+ LocalizedException localizedException = new LocalizedException("message.exception");
+ String usEnglishLocalizedExceptionMessage = localizedException.getLocalizedMessage();
+
+ assertThat(usEnglishLocalizedExceptionMessage).isEqualTo("I am an exception.");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFranceFrenchDefaultLocale_whenLocalizingMessage_thenMessageComesFromFrenchTranslationMessages() {
+ Locale.setDefault(Locale.FRANCE);
+
+ LocalizedException localizedException = new LocalizedException("message.exception");
+ String franceFrenchLocalizedExceptionMessage = localizedException.getLocalizedMessage();
+
+ assertThat(franceFrenchLocalizedExceptionMessage).isEqualTo("Je suis une exception.");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUsEnglishProvidedLocale_whenLocalizingMessage_thenMessageComesFromDefaultMessage() {
+ LocalizedException localizedException = new LocalizedException("message.exception", Locale.US);
+ String usEnglishLocalizedExceptionMessage = localizedException.getLocalizedMessage();
+
+ assertThat(usEnglishLocalizedExceptionMessage).isEqualTo("I am an exception.");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFranceFrenchProvidedLocale_whenLocalizingMessage_thenMessageComesFromFrenchTranslationMessages() {
+ LocalizedException localizedException = new LocalizedException("message.exception", Locale.FRANCE);
+ String franceFrenchLocalizedExceptionMessage = localizedException.getLocalizedMessage();
+
+ assertThat(franceFrenchLocalizedExceptionMessage).isEqualTo("Je suis une exception.");
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/MessagesUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/MessagesUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a6cb8ed32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/MessagesUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.localization;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class MessagesUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUsEnglishLocale_whenRetrievingMessage_thenEnglishTranslationIsReturned() {
+ String translatedMessage = Messages.getMessageForLocale("message.exception", Locale.US);
+
+ assertThat(translatedMessage).isEqualTo("I am an exception.");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFranceFrenchLocale_whenRetrievingMessage_thenFrenchTranslationIsReturned() {
+ String translatedMessage = Messages.getMessageForLocale("message.exception", Locale.FRANCE);
+
+ assertThat(translatedMessage).isEqualTo("Je suis une exception.");
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchfielderror/FieldErrorExampleUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchfielderror/FieldErrorExampleUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9a3efacc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchfielderror/FieldErrorExampleUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.nosuchfielderror;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class FieldErrorExampleUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenDependentMessage_returnMessage() {
+
+ String dependentMessage = FieldErrorExample.getDependentMessage();
+ assertTrue("Hello Baeldung!!".equals(dependentMessage));
+ }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchmethoderror/MainMenuUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchmethoderror/MainMenuUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce4374a9ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/nosuchmethoderror/MainMenuUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.nosuchmethoderror;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class MainMenuUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void whenGetSpecials_thenNotNull() {
+ assertNotNull(MainMenu.getSpecials());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/nullmethodparameter/NullParameterExampleUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/nullmethodparameter/NullParameterExampleUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa4b332e52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/nullmethodparameter/NullParameterExampleUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.nullmethodparameter;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class NullParameterExampleUnitTest {
+ @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+ public void givenNullParameter_whenProcessSomethingNotNull_thenIllegalArgumentException() {
+ NullParameterExample example = new NullParameterExample();
+ example.processSomethingNotNull(null);
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+ public void givenNullParameter_whenProcessSomethingElseNotNull_thenNullPointerException() {
+ NullParameterExample example = new NullParameterExample();
+ example.processSomethingElseNotNull(null);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5891b4a943
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## Relevant articles:
+
+- [Functional Programming in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-functional-programming)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f00600c794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ core-java-functional
+ 0.1.0-SNAPSHOT
+ core-java-functional
+ jar
+
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ core-java-modules
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+ ../
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/Currying.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/Currying.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..594fea4b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/Currying.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+public class Currying {
+
+ private static Function> weight = mass -> gravity -> mass * gravity;
+
+ private static Function weightOnEarth = weight.apply(9.81);
+
+ private static Function weightOnMars = weight.apply(3.75);
+
+ public static Double weightOnEarth(Double mass) {
+ return weightOnEarth.apply(mass);
+ }
+
+ public static Double weightOnMars(Double mass) {
+ return weightOnMars.apply(mass);
+ }
+
+ public static Function weightOnEarth() {
+ final double gravity = 9.81;
+ return mass -> mass * gravity;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/FirstClassFunctions.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/FirstClassFunctions.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..13b408ab27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/FirstClassFunctions.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class FirstClassFunctions {
+
+ public static List sortWithoutLambda(List numbers) {
+ Collections.sort(numbers, new Comparator() {
+ @Override
+ public int compare(Integer n1, Integer n2) {
+ return n1.compareTo(n2);
+ }
+ });
+ return numbers;
+ }
+
+ public static List sortWithLambda(List numbers) {
+ Collections.sort(numbers, (n1, n2) -> n1.compareTo(n2));
+ return numbers;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/FunctionComposition.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/FunctionComposition.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57103be98a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/FunctionComposition.java
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+public class FunctionComposition {
+
+ private static Function log = (value) -> Math.log(value);
+ private static Function sqrt = (value) -> Math.sqrt(value);
+
+ public static Double logThenSqrt(Double number) {
+ Function logThenSqrt = sqrt.compose(log);
+ return (logThenSqrt.apply(3.14));
+ }
+
+ public static Double sqrtThenLog(Double number) {
+ Function sqrtThenLog = sqrt.andThen(log);
+ return (sqrtThenLog.apply(3.14));
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/ImmutableData.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/ImmutableData.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..738680f743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/ImmutableData.java
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+public class ImmutableData {
+
+ private final String someData;
+
+ private final AnotherImmutableData anotherImmutableData;
+
+ public ImmutableData(final String someData, final AnotherImmutableData anotherImmutableData) {
+ this.someData = someData;
+ this.anotherImmutableData = anotherImmutableData;
+ }
+
+ public String getSomeData() {
+ return someData;
+ }
+
+ public AnotherImmutableData getAnotherImmutableData() {
+ return anotherImmutableData;
+ }
+
+ public class AnotherImmutableData {
+
+ private final Integer someOtherData;
+
+ public AnotherImmutableData(final Integer someData) {
+ this.someOtherData = someData;
+ }
+
+ public Integer getSomeOtherData() {
+ return someOtherData;
+ }
+
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/Monads.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/Monads.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1223c73c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/Monads.java
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class Monads {
+
+ public static Optional add(Optional val1, Optional val2) {
+ return val1.flatMap(first -> val2.flatMap(second -> Optional.of(first + second)));
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/PureFunctions.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/PureFunctions.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..522b9de9eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/PureFunctions.java
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public class PureFunctions {
+
+ public static Integer sum(List numbers) {
+ return numbers.stream()
+ .collect(Collectors.summingInt(Integer::intValue));
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/Recursion.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/Recursion.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5492df69d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/Recursion.java
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+public class Recursion {
+
+ public static Integer headRecursion(Integer number) {
+
+ return (number == 1) ? 1 : number * headRecursion(number - 1);
+
+ }
+
+ public static Integer tailRecursion(Integer number, Integer result) {
+
+ return (number == 1) ? result : tailRecursion(number - 1, result * number);
+
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/ReferentialTransparency.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/ReferentialTransparency.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1392cdd00a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/main/java/com/baeldung/functional/ReferentialTransparency.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+public class ReferentialTransparency {
+
+ private static Logger logger = Logger.getGlobal();
+
+ public void main() {
+
+ String data = new SimpleData().setData("Baeldung")
+ .getData();
+ logger.log(Level.INFO, new SimpleData().setData("Baeldung")
+ .getData());
+ logger.log(Level.INFO, data);
+ logger.log(Level.INFO, "Baeldung");
+ }
+
+ public class SimpleData {
+
+ private Logger logger = Logger.getGlobal();
+
+ private String data;
+
+ public String getData() {
+ logger.log(Level.INFO, "Get data called for SimpleData");
+ return data;
+ }
+
+ public SimpleData setData(String data) {
+ logger.log(Level.INFO, "Set data called for SimpleData");
+ this.data = data;
+ return this;
+ }
+
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/CurryingUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/CurryingUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0cf96ed566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/CurryingUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class CurryingUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void testWeightOnEarth() {
+
+ assertEquals(588.6, Currying.weightOnEarth(60.0), 0.1);
+
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void testWeightOnMars() {
+
+ assertEquals(225.0, Currying.weightOnMars(60.0), 0.1);
+
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/FirstClassFunctionsUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/FirstClassFunctionsUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8056b44f21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/FirstClassFunctionsUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class FirstClassFunctionsUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void testSortingWithoutLambda() {
+
+ assertEquals(new Integer(8), FirstClassFunctions.sortWithoutLambda(Arrays.asList(new Integer(10), new Integer(8)))
+ .get(0));
+
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void testSortingWithLambda() {
+
+ assertEquals(new Integer(8), FirstClassFunctions.sortWithLambda(Arrays.asList(new Integer(10), new Integer(8)))
+ .get(0));
+
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/FunctionCompositionUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/FunctionCompositionUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48d8fb695c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/FunctionCompositionUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class FunctionCompositionUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void testLogThenSqrt() {
+
+ assertEquals(1.07, FunctionComposition.logThenSqrt(3.14), 0.01);
+
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void testSqrtThenLog() {
+
+ assertEquals(0.57, FunctionComposition.sqrtThenLog(3.14), 0.01);
+
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/MonadsUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/MonadsUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8258eef59e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/MonadsUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class MonadsUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void testOptionalAdd() {
+
+ assertEquals(5, Monads.add(Optional.of(new Integer(2)), Optional.of(new Integer(3)))
+ .get());
+
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/PureFunctionsUnitTets.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/PureFunctionsUnitTets.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23cca8bf8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/PureFunctionsUnitTets.java
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class PureFunctionsUnitTets {
+
+ @Test
+ public void testSortingWithoutLambda() {
+
+ assertEquals(new Integer(18), PureFunctions.sum(Arrays.asList(new Integer(10), new Integer(8))));
+
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/RecursionUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/RecursionUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa406dc7ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-functional/src/test/java/com/baeldung/functional/RecursionUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.functional;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class RecursionUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void testHeadRecursion() {
+
+ assertEquals(120, Recursion.headRecursion(5));
+
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void testTailRecursion() {
+
+ assertEquals(120, Recursion.tailRecursion(5, 1));
+
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/README.md
index 84cabc5992..b078a66a7a 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/README.md
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ This module contains articles about core Java input and output (IO)
- [How to Copy a File with Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-copy-file)
- [Create a Directory in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-create-directory)
- [Java IO vs NIO](https://www.baeldung.com/java-io-vs-nio)
-- [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-io)
+- [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-io)[[More -->]](/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/listfiles/ListFiles.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/listfiles/ListFiles.java
index 2275128dfe..c108d9ed96 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/listfiles/ListFiles.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/listfiles/ListFiles.java
@@ -24,9 +24,20 @@ public class ListFiles {
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
}
+ public Set listFilesUsingFilesList(String dir) throws IOException {
+ try (Stream stream = Files.list(Paths.get(dir))) {
+ return stream
+ .filter(file -> !Files.isDirectory(file))
+ .map(Path::getFileName)
+ .map(Path::toString)
+ .collect(Collectors.toSet());
+ }
+ }
+
public Set listFilesUsingFileWalk(String dir, int depth) throws IOException {
try (Stream stream = Files.walk(Paths.get(dir), depth)) {
- return stream.filter(file -> !Files.isDirectory(file))
+ return stream
+ .filter(file -> !Files.isDirectory(file))
.map(Path::getFileName)
.map(Path::toString)
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/src/main/resources/logback.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/src/main/resources/logback.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f46a64b3cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/src/main/resources/logback.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+
+
+
+
+ [%d{ISO8601}]-[%thread] %-5level %logger - %msg%n
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/listfiles/ListFilesUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/listfiles/ListFilesUnitTest.java
index a87097f085..5b4efc9e58 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/listfiles/ListFilesUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/listfiles/ListFilesUnitTest.java
@@ -25,10 +25,15 @@ public class ListFilesUnitTest {
};
@Test
- public void givenDir_whenUsingJAVAIO_thenListAllFiles() throws IOException {
+ public void givenDir_whenUsingJAVAIO_thenListAllFiles() {
assertEquals(EXPECTED_FILE_LIST, listFiles.listFilesUsingJavaIO(DIRECTORY));
}
+ @Test
+ public void givenDir_whenUsingFilesList_thenListAllFiles() throws IOException {
+ assertEquals(EXPECTED_FILE_LIST, listFiles.listFilesUsingFilesList(DIRECTORY));
+ }
+
@Test
public void givenDir_whenWalkingTree_thenListAllFiles() throws IOException {
assertEquals(EXPECTED_FILE_LIST, listFiles.listFilesUsingFileWalk(DIRECTORY,DEPTH));
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/.gitignore b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c0cd871c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+test-link*
+0.*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0ac5387a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+## Core Java IO
+
+This module contains articles about core Java input and output (IO)
+
+### Relevant Articles:
+
+- [Java – Create a File](https://www.baeldung.com/java-how-to-create-a-file)
+- [Check If a Directory Is Empty in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-check-empty-directory)
+- [Check If a File or Directory Exists in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-file-directory-exists)
+- [Copy a Directory in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-copy-directory)
+- [Java Files Open Options](https://www.baeldung.com/java-file-options)
+- [Creating Temporary Directories in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-temp-directories)
+- [Reading a Line at a Given Line Number From a File in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-read-line-at-number)
+- [Find the Last Modified File in a Directory with Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-last-modified-file)
+- [Get a Filename Without the Extension in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-filename-without-extension)
+- [Writing byte[] to a File in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-write-byte-array-file)
+- [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc4dca5fa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ core-java-io-3
+ 0.1.0-SNAPSHOT
+ core-java-io-3
+ jar
+
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ core-java-modules
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+ ../
+
+
+
+
+
+ com.google.guava
+ guava
+ ${guava.version}
+
+
+
+ commons-io
+ commons-io
+ ${commons-io.version}
+
+
+
+ log4j
+ log4j
+ ${log4j.version}
+
+
+ org.slf4j
+ log4j-over-slf4j
+ ${org.slf4j.version}
+
+
+
+ org.assertj
+ assertj-core
+ ${assertj.version}
+ test
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3.6.1
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/ApacheCommons.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/ApacheCommons.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8aa283b48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/ApacheCommons.java
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.baeldung.copydirectory;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+
+public class ApacheCommons {
+
+ public static void copyDirectory(String sourceDirectoryLocation, String destinationDirectoryLocation) throws IOException {
+ File sourceDirectory = new File(sourceDirectoryLocation);
+ File destinationDirectory = new File(destinationDirectoryLocation);
+ FileUtils.copyDirectory(sourceDirectory, destinationDirectory);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/CoreOld.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/CoreOld.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2070977534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/CoreOld.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.baeldung.copydirectory;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+public class CoreOld {
+
+ public static void copyDirectoryJavaUnder7(File source, File destination) throws IOException {
+ if (source.isDirectory()) {
+ copyDirectory(source, destination);
+ } else {
+ copyFile(source, destination);
+ }
+ }
+
+ private static void copyDirectory(File sourceDirectory, File destinationDirectory) throws IOException {
+ if (!destinationDirectory.exists()) {
+ destinationDirectory.mkdir();
+ }
+ for (String f : sourceDirectory.list()) {
+ copyDirectoryJavaUnder7(new File(sourceDirectory, f), new File(destinationDirectory, f));
+ }
+ }
+
+ private static void copyFile(File sourceFile, File destinationFile) throws IOException {
+ try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(sourceFile); OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(destinationFile)) {
+ byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+ int length;
+ while ((length = in.read(buf)) > 0) {
+ out.write(buf, 0, length);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/JavaNio.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/JavaNio.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b574042ee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/JavaNio.java
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package com.baeldung.copydirectory;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+
+public class JavaNio {
+
+ public static void copyDirectory(String sourceDirectoryLocation, String destinationDirectoryLocation) throws IOException {
+ Files.walk(Paths.get(sourceDirectoryLocation))
+ .forEach(source -> {
+ Path destination = Paths.get(destinationDirectoryLocation, source.toString()
+ .substring(sourceDirectoryLocation.length()));
+ try {
+ Files.copy(source, destination);
+ } catch (IOException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ }
+ });
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/filenamewithoutextension/MyFilenameUtil.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/filenamewithoutextension/MyFilenameUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..102c454c49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/filenamewithoutextension/MyFilenameUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.filenamewithoutextension;
+
+public class MyFilenameUtil {
+ private MyFilenameUtil() {}
+
+ public static String removeFileExtension(String filename, boolean removeAllExtensions) {
+ if (filename == null || filename.isEmpty()) {
+ return filename;
+ }
+
+ String extPattern = "(? opFile = Arrays.stream(dir.listFiles(File::isFile))
+ .max((f1, f2) -> Long.compare(f1.lastModified(), f2.lastModified()));
+
+ if (opFile.isPresent()) {
+ return opFile.get();
+ }
+ }
+
+ return null;
+ }
+
+ public static Path findUsingNIOApi(String sdir) throws IOException {
+ Path dir = Paths.get(sdir);
+ if (Files.isDirectory(dir)) {
+ Optional opPath = Files.list(dir)
+ .filter(p -> !Files.isDirectory(p))
+ .sorted((p1, p2) -> Long.valueOf(p2.toFile().lastModified())
+ .compareTo(p1.toFile().lastModified()))
+ .findFirst();
+
+ if (opPath.isPresent()) {
+ return opPath.get();
+ }
+ }
+
+ return null;
+ }
+
+ public static File findUsingCommonsIO(String sdir) {
+ File dir = new File(sdir);
+ if (dir.isDirectory()) {
+ File[] dirFiles = dir.listFiles((FileFilter) FileFilterUtils.fileFileFilter());
+ if (dirFiles != null && dirFiles.length > 0) {
+ Arrays.sort(dirFiles, LastModifiedFileComparator.LASTMODIFIED_REVERSE);
+ return dirFiles[0];
+ }
+ }
+
+ return null;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/ApacheCommonsUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/ApacheCommonsUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eee49a37d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/ApacheCommonsUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package com.baeldung.copydirectory;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class ApacheCommonsUnitTest {
+
+ private final String sourceDirectoryLocation = "src/test/resources/sourceDirectory3";
+ private final String subDirectoryName = "/childDirectory";
+ private final String fileName = "/file.txt";
+ private final String destinationDirectoryLocation = "src/test/resources/destinationDirectory3";
+
+ @BeforeEach
+ public void createDirectoryWithSubdirectoryAndFile() throws IOException {
+ Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(sourceDirectoryLocation));
+ Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(sourceDirectoryLocation + subDirectoryName));
+ Files.createFile(Paths.get(sourceDirectoryLocation + subDirectoryName + fileName));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenSourceDirectoryExists_thenDirectoryIsFullyCopied() throws IOException {
+ ApacheCommons.copyDirectory(sourceDirectoryLocation, destinationDirectoryLocation);
+
+ assertTrue(new File(destinationDirectoryLocation).exists());
+ assertTrue(new File(destinationDirectoryLocation + subDirectoryName).exists());
+ assertTrue(new File(destinationDirectoryLocation + subDirectoryName + fileName).exists());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenSourceDirectoryDoesNotExist_thenExceptionIsThrown() {
+ assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> ApacheCommons.copyDirectory("nonExistingDirectory", destinationDirectoryLocation));
+ }
+
+ @AfterEach
+ public void cleanUp() throws IOException {
+ Files.walk(Paths.get(sourceDirectoryLocation))
+ .sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder())
+ .map(Path::toFile)
+ .forEach(File::delete);
+ if (new File(destinationDirectoryLocation).exists()) {
+ Files.walk(Paths.get(destinationDirectoryLocation))
+ .sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder())
+ .map(Path::toFile)
+ .forEach(File::delete);
+ }
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/CoreOldUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/CoreOldUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1aaca066a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/CoreOldUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.baeldung.copydirectory;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class CoreOldUnitTest {
+
+ private final String sourceDirectoryLocation = "src/test/resources/sourceDirectory1";
+ private final String subDirectoryName = "/childDirectory";
+ private final String fileName = "/file.txt";
+ private final String destinationDirectoryLocation = "src/test/resources/destinationDirectory1";
+
+ @BeforeEach
+ public void createDirectoryWithSubdirectoryAndFile() throws IOException {
+ Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(sourceDirectoryLocation));
+ Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(sourceDirectoryLocation + subDirectoryName));
+ Files.createFile(Paths.get(sourceDirectoryLocation + subDirectoryName + fileName));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenSourceDirectoryExists_thenDirectoryIsFullyCopied() throws IOException {
+ File sourceDirectory = new File(sourceDirectoryLocation);
+ File destinationDirectory = new File(destinationDirectoryLocation);
+ CoreOld.copyDirectoryJavaUnder7(sourceDirectory, destinationDirectory);
+
+ assertTrue(new File(destinationDirectoryLocation).exists());
+ assertTrue(new File(destinationDirectoryLocation + subDirectoryName).exists());
+ assertTrue(new File(destinationDirectoryLocation + subDirectoryName + fileName).exists());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenSourceDirectoryDoesNotExist_thenExceptionIsThrown() throws IOException {
+ File sourceDirectory = new File("nonExistingDirectory");
+ File destinationDirectory = new File(destinationDirectoryLocation);
+ assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> CoreOld.copyDirectoryJavaUnder7(sourceDirectory, destinationDirectory));
+ }
+
+ @AfterEach
+ public void cleanUp() throws IOException {
+ Files.walk(Paths.get(sourceDirectoryLocation))
+ .sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder())
+ .map(Path::toFile)
+ .forEach(File::delete);
+ if (new File(destinationDirectoryLocation).exists()) {
+ Files.walk(Paths.get(destinationDirectoryLocation))
+ .sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder())
+ .map(Path::toFile)
+ .forEach(File::delete);
+ }
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/JavaNioUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/JavaNioUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3293e90c0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/copydirectory/JavaNioUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package com.baeldung.copydirectory;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class JavaNioUnitTest {
+
+ private final String sourceDirectoryLocation = "src/test/resources/sourceDirectory2";
+ private final String subDirectoryName = "/childDirectory";
+ private final String fileName = "/file.txt";
+ private final String destinationDirectoryLocation = "src/test/resources/destinationDirectory2";
+
+ @BeforeEach
+ public void createDirectoryWithSubdirectoryAndFile() throws IOException {
+ Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(sourceDirectoryLocation));
+ Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(sourceDirectoryLocation + subDirectoryName));
+ Files.createFile(Paths.get(sourceDirectoryLocation + subDirectoryName + fileName));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenSourceDirectoryExists_thenDirectoryIsFullyCopied() throws IOException {
+ JavaNio.copyDirectory(sourceDirectoryLocation, destinationDirectoryLocation);
+
+ assertTrue(new File(destinationDirectoryLocation).exists());
+ assertTrue(new File(destinationDirectoryLocation + subDirectoryName).exists());
+ assertTrue(new File(destinationDirectoryLocation + subDirectoryName + fileName).exists());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenSourceDirectoryDoesNotExist_thenExceptionIsThrown() {
+ assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> JavaNio.copyDirectory("nonExistingDirectory", destinationDirectoryLocation));
+ }
+
+ @AfterEach
+ public void cleanUp() throws IOException {
+ Files.walk(Paths.get(sourceDirectoryLocation))
+ .sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder())
+ .map(Path::toFile)
+ .forEach(File::delete);
+ if (new File(destinationDirectoryLocation).exists()) {
+ Files.walk(Paths.get(destinationDirectoryLocation))
+ .sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder())
+ .map(Path::toFile)
+ .forEach(File::delete);
+ }
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/createfile/CreateFileUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/createfile/CreateFileUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f26a1ab3ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/createfile/CreateFileUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package com.baeldung.createfile;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+public class CreateFileUnitTest {
+
+ private final String FILE_NAME = "src/test/resources/fileToCreate.txt";
+
+ @AfterEach
+ @BeforeEach
+ public void cleanUpFiles() {
+ File targetFile = new File(FILE_NAME);
+ targetFile.delete();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUsingNio_whenCreatingFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ Path newFilePath = Paths.get(FILE_NAME);
+ Files.createFile(newFilePath);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUsingFile_whenCreatingFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ File newFile = new File(FILE_NAME);
+ boolean success = newFile.createNewFile();
+ assertTrue(success);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenUsingFileOutputStream_whenCreatingFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ try(FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(FILE_NAME)){
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUsingGuava_whenCreatingFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ com.google.common.io.Files.touch(new File(FILE_NAME));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUsingCommonsIo_whenCreatingFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ FileUtils.touch(new File(FILE_NAME));
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/emptiness/DirectoryEmptinessUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/emptiness/DirectoryEmptinessUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f7936494f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/emptiness/DirectoryEmptinessUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package com.baeldung.emptiness;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class DirectoryEmptinessUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenPath_whenInvalid_thenReturnsFalse() throws IOException {
+ assertThat(isEmpty(Paths.get("invalid-addr"))).isFalse();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenPath_whenNotDirectory_thenReturnsFalse() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
+ Path aFile = Paths.get(getClass().getResource("/notDir.txt").toURI());
+ assertThat(isEmpty(aFile)).isFalse();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenPath_whenNotEmptyDir_thenReturnsFalse() throws IOException {
+ Path currentDir = new File("").toPath().toAbsolutePath();
+ assertThat(isEmpty(currentDir)).isFalse();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenPath_whenIsEmpty_thenReturnsTrue() throws Exception {
+ Path path = Files.createTempDirectory("baeldung-empty");
+ assertThat(isEmpty(path)).isTrue();
+ }
+
+ private static boolean isEmpty(Path path) throws IOException {
+ if (Files.isDirectory(path)) {
+ try (DirectoryStream directory = Files.newDirectoryStream(path)) {
+ return !directory.iterator().hasNext();
+ }
+ }
+
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ private static boolean isEmpty2(Path path) throws IOException {
+ if (Files.isDirectory(path)) {
+ try (Stream entries = Files.list(path)) {
+ return !entries.findFirst().isPresent();
+ }
+ }
+
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ private static boolean isEmptyInefficient(Path path) {
+ return path.toFile().listFiles().length == 0;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/existence/ExistenceUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/existence/ExistenceUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..747ae85b65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/existence/ExistenceUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package com.baeldung.existence;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class ExistenceUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFile_whenDoesNotExist_thenFilesReturnsFalse() {
+ Path path = Paths.get("does-not-exist.txt");
+
+ assertFalse(Files.exists(path));
+ assertTrue(Files.notExists(path));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFile_whenExists_thenFilesShouldReturnTrue() throws IOException {
+ Path tempFile = Files.createTempFile("baeldung", "exist-nio");
+ assertTrue(Files.exists(tempFile));
+ assertFalse(Files.notExists(tempFile));
+
+ Path tempDirectory = Files.createTempDirectory("baeldung-exists");
+ assertTrue(Files.exists(tempDirectory));
+ assertFalse(Files.notExists(tempDirectory));
+
+ assertTrue(Files.isDirectory(tempDirectory));
+ assertFalse(Files.isDirectory(tempFile));
+ assertTrue(Files.isRegularFile(tempFile));
+
+ assertTrue(Files.isReadable(tempFile));
+
+ Files.deleteIfExists(tempFile);
+ Files.deleteIfExists(tempDirectory);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSymbolicLink_whenTargetDoesNotExists_thenFollowOrNotBasedOnTheOptions() throws IOException {
+ Path target = Files.createTempFile("baeldung", "target");
+ Path symbol = Paths.get("test-link-" + ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt());
+ Path symbolicLink = null;
+
+ try {
+ symbolicLink = Files.createSymbolicLink(symbol, target);
+ } catch (FileSystemException ex) {
+ System.out.println("Your OS security policy prevents the current user from creating symbolic links.\n" +
+ "Most probably you're running Windows with UAC.\n" +
+ "If this is the case, please see - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/security-policy-settings/create-symbolic-links\n" +
+ "You must change your security settings to run this test under Windows.");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ assertTrue(Files.exists(symbolicLink));
+ assertTrue(Files.isSymbolicLink(symbolicLink));
+ assertFalse(Files.isSymbolicLink(target));
+
+ Files.deleteIfExists(target);
+ assertFalse(Files.exists(symbolicLink));
+ assertTrue(Files.exists(symbolicLink, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS));
+
+ Files.deleteIfExists(symbolicLink);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFile_whenDoesNotExist_thenFileReturnsFalse() {
+ assertFalse(new File("invalid").exists());
+ assertFalse(new File("invalid").isFile());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFile_whenExist_thenShouldReturnTrue() throws IOException {
+ Path tempFilePath = Files.createTempFile("baeldung", "exist-io");
+ Path tempDirectoryPath = Files.createTempDirectory("baeldung-exists-io");
+
+ File tempFile = new File(tempFilePath.toString());
+ File tempDirectory = new File(tempDirectoryPath.toString());
+
+ assertTrue(tempFile.exists());
+ assertTrue(tempDirectory.exists());
+
+ assertTrue(tempFile.isFile());
+ assertFalse(tempDirectory.isFile());
+
+ assertTrue(tempDirectory.isDirectory());
+ assertFalse(tempFile.isDirectory());
+
+ assertTrue(tempFile.canRead());
+
+ Files.deleteIfExists(tempFilePath);
+ Files.deleteIfExists(tempDirectoryPath);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/filenamewithoutextension/FileNameDelExtensionUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/filenamewithoutextension/FileNameDelExtensionUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c5e7fbdad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/filenamewithoutextension/FileNameDelExtensionUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package com.baeldung.filenamewithoutextension;
+
+import com.google.common.io.Files;
+import org.apache.commons.io.FilenameUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+
+public class FileNameDelExtensionUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDotFileWithoutExt_whenCallGuavaMethod_thenCannotGetDesiredResult() {
+ //negative assertion
+ assertNotEquals(".baeldung", Files.getNameWithoutExtension(".baeldung"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFileWithoutMultipleExt_whenCallGuavaMethod_thenCannotRemoveAllExtensions() {
+ //negative assertion
+ assertNotEquals("baeldung", Files.getNameWithoutExtension("baeldung.tar.gz"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDotFileWithoutExt_whenCallApacheCommonsMethod_thenCannotGetDesiredResult() {
+ //negative assertion
+ assertNotEquals(".baeldung", FilenameUtils.removeExtension(".baeldung"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFileWithoutMultipleExt_whenCallApacheCommonsMethod_thenCannotRemoveAllExtensions() {
+ //negative assertion
+ assertNotEquals("baeldung", FilenameUtils.removeExtension("baeldung.tar.gz"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFilenameNoExt_whenCallFilenameUtilMethod_thenGetExpectedFilename() {
+ assertEquals("baeldung", MyFilenameUtil.removeFileExtension("baeldung", true));
+ assertEquals("baeldung", MyFilenameUtil.removeFileExtension("baeldung", false));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSingleExt_whenCallFilenameUtilMethod_thenGetExpectedFilename() {
+ assertEquals("baeldung", MyFilenameUtil.removeFileExtension("baeldung.txt", true));
+ assertEquals("baeldung", MyFilenameUtil.removeFileExtension("baeldung.txt", false));
+ }
+
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDotFile_whenCallFilenameUtilMethod_thenGetExpectedFilename() {
+ assertEquals(".baeldung", MyFilenameUtil.removeFileExtension(".baeldung", true));
+ assertEquals(".baeldung", MyFilenameUtil.removeFileExtension(".baeldung", false));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDotFileWithExt_whenCallFilenameUtilMethod_thenGetExpectedFilename() {
+ assertEquals(".baeldung", MyFilenameUtil.removeFileExtension(".baeldung.conf", true));
+ assertEquals(".baeldung", MyFilenameUtil.removeFileExtension(".baeldung.conf", false));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDoubleExt_whenCallFilenameUtilMethod_thenGetExpectedFilename() {
+ assertEquals("baeldung", MyFilenameUtil.removeFileExtension("baeldung.tar.gz", true));
+ assertEquals("baeldung.tar", MyFilenameUtil.removeFileExtension("baeldung.tar.gz", false));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDotFileWithDoubleExt_whenCallFilenameUtilMethod_thenGetExpectedFilename() {
+ assertEquals(".baeldung", MyFilenameUtil.removeFileExtension(".baeldung.conf.bak", true));
+ assertEquals(".baeldung.conf", MyFilenameUtil.removeFileExtension(".baeldung.conf.bak", false));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/lastmodifiedfile/LastModifiedFileAppUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/lastmodifiedfile/LastModifiedFileAppUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe704c3c40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/lastmodifiedfile/LastModifiedFileAppUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package com.baeldung.lastmodifiedfile;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class LastModifiedFileAppUnitTest {
+
+ private final static String SOURCEDIRECTORY = "src/test/resources/lastmodfiles";
+
+ @BeforeAll
+ public static void setUpFiles() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+ File srcDir = new File(SOURCEDIRECTORY);
+ if (!srcDir.exists()) {
+ srcDir.mkdir();
+ }
+
+ FileUtils.cleanDirectory(srcDir);
+
+ File file01 = new File(SOURCEDIRECTORY + "/file01.txt");
+ file01.createNewFile();
+
+ Thread.sleep(2000);
+
+ File file02 = new File(SOURCEDIRECTORY + "/file02.txt");
+ file02.createNewFile();
+
+ Thread.sleep(2000);
+
+ File file03 = new File(SOURCEDIRECTORY + "/file03.txt");
+ file03.createNewFile();
+
+ Thread.sleep(2000);
+
+ Files.write(Paths.get(SOURCEDIRECTORY + "/file02.txt"), "Hello File02".getBytes());
+
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDirectory_whenUsingIoApi_thenFindLastModfile() throws IOException {
+ File lastModFile = LastModifiedFileApp.findUsingIOApi(SOURCEDIRECTORY);
+
+ assertThat(lastModFile).isNotNull();
+ assertThat(lastModFile.getName()).isEqualTo("file02.txt");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDirectory_whenUsingNioApi_thenFindLastModfile() throws IOException {
+ Path lastModPath = LastModifiedFileApp.findUsingNIOApi(SOURCEDIRECTORY);
+
+ assertThat(lastModPath).isNotNull();
+ assertThat(lastModPath.toFile().getName()).isEqualTo("file02.txt");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDirectory_whenUsingApacheCommons_thenFindLastModfile() throws IOException {
+ File lastModFile = LastModifiedFileApp.findUsingCommonsIO(SOURCEDIRECTORY);
+
+ assertThat(lastModFile).isNotNull();
+ assertThat(lastModFile.getName()).isEqualTo("file02.txt");
+ }
+
+ @AfterAll
+ public static void cleanUp() throws IOException {
+ File srcDir = new File(SOURCEDIRECTORY);
+ FileUtils.deleteDirectory(srcDir);
+ }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/linenumber/LineAtGivenNumberUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/linenumber/LineAtGivenNumberUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ffe3221d62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/linenumber/LineAtGivenNumberUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package com.baeldung.linenumber;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class LineAtGivenNumberUnitTest {
+
+ private static final String FILE_PATH = "src/test/resources/linesInput.txt";
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFile_whenUsingBufferedReader_thenExtractedLineIsCorrect() throws IOException {
+ try (BufferedReader br = Files.newBufferedReader(Paths.get(FILE_PATH))) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+ br.readLine();
+ }
+
+ String extractedLine = br.readLine();
+ assertEquals("Line 4", extractedLine);
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFile_whenUsingScanner_thenExtractedLineIsCorrect() throws IOException {
+ try (Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new File(FILE_PATH))) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+ scanner.nextLine();
+ }
+
+ String extractedLine = scanner.nextLine();
+ assertEquals("Line 4", extractedLine);
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSmallFile_whenUsingFilesAPI_thenExtractedLineIsCorrect() throws IOException {
+ String extractedLine = Files.readAllLines(Paths.get(FILE_PATH)).get(4);
+
+ assertEquals("Line 5", extractedLine);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenLargeFile_whenUsingFilesAPI_thenExtractedLineIsCorrect() throws IOException {
+ try (Stream lines = Files.lines(Paths.get(FILE_PATH))) {
+ String extractedLine = lines.skip(4).findFirst().get();
+
+ assertEquals("Line 5", extractedLine);
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFile_whenUsingFileUtils_thenExtractedLineIsCorrect() throws IOException {
+ ClassLoader classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
+ File file = new File(classLoader.getResource("linesInput.txt").getFile());
+
+ List lines = FileUtils.readLines(file, "UTF-8");
+
+ String extractedLine = lines.get(0);
+ assertEquals("Line 1", extractedLine);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenFile_whenUsingIOUtils_thenExtractedLineIsCorrect() throws IOException {
+ String fileContent = IOUtils.toString(new FileInputStream(FILE_PATH), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+
+ String extractedLine = fileContent.split(System.lineSeparator())[0];
+ assertEquals("Line 1", extractedLine);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/openoptions/OpenOptionsUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/openoptions/OpenOptionsUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..323c965edf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/openoptions/OpenOptionsUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package com.baeldung.openoptions;
+
+import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class OpenOptionsUnitTest {
+
+ private static final String HOME = System.getProperty("user.home");
+ private static final String DUMMY_FILE_NAME = "sample.txt";
+ private static final String EXISTING_FILE_NAME = "existingFile.txt";
+
+ private static final String DUMMY_TEXT = "This is a sample text.";
+ private static final String ANOTHER_DUMMY_TEXT = "This is a another text.";
+
+ @BeforeClass
+ public static void beforeAll() throws IOException {
+ Path path = Paths.get(HOME, DUMMY_FILE_NAME);
+
+ try (OutputStream out = Files.newOutputStream(path)) {
+ out.write(DUMMY_TEXT.getBytes());
+ }
+
+ Files.createFile(Paths.get(HOME, EXISTING_FILE_NAME));
+ }
+
+ @AfterClass
+ public static void afterAll() throws IOException {
+ Files.delete(Paths.get(HOME, "newfile.txt"));
+ Files.delete(Paths.get(HOME, "sparse.txt"));
+ Files.delete(Paths.get(HOME, DUMMY_FILE_NAME));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenExistingPath_whenCreateNewFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ Path path = Paths.get(HOME, "newfile.txt");
+ assertFalse(Files.exists(path));
+
+ Files.write(path, DUMMY_TEXT.getBytes(), StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
+ assertTrue(Files.exists(path));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenExistingPath_whenReadExistingFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ Path path = Paths.get(HOME, DUMMY_FILE_NAME);
+
+ try (InputStream in = Files.newInputStream(path); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in))) {
+ String line;
+ while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+ assertThat(line, CoreMatchers.containsString(DUMMY_TEXT));
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenExistingPath_whenWriteToExistingFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ Path path = Paths.get(HOME, DUMMY_FILE_NAME);
+
+ try (OutputStream out = Files.newOutputStream(path, StandardOpenOption.APPEND, StandardOpenOption.WRITE)) {
+ out.write(ANOTHER_DUMMY_TEXT.getBytes());
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenExistingPath_whenCreateSparseFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ Path path = Paths.get(HOME, "sparse.txt");
+ Files.write(path, DUMMY_TEXT.getBytes(), StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW, StandardOpenOption.SPARSE);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenExistingPath_whenDeleteOnClose_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ Path path = Paths.get(HOME, EXISTING_FILE_NAME);
+ assertTrue(Files.exists(path)); // file was already created and exists
+
+ try (OutputStream out = Files.newOutputStream(path, StandardOpenOption.APPEND, StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.DELETE_ON_CLOSE)) {
+ out.write(ANOTHER_DUMMY_TEXT.getBytes());
+ }
+
+ assertFalse(Files.exists(path)); // file is deleted
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenExistingPath_whenWriteAndSync_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ Path path = Paths.get(HOME, DUMMY_FILE_NAME);
+ Files.write(path, ANOTHER_DUMMY_TEXT.getBytes(), StandardOpenOption.APPEND, StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.SYNC);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/tempdirectory/TemporaryDirectoriesUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/tempdirectory/TemporaryDirectoriesUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5cf7d88cd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/tempdirectory/TemporaryDirectoriesUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package com.baeldung.tempdirectory;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.FileAttribute;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFileAttributes;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermission;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermissions;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests several possibilities on how to create
+ * temporary directories.
+ *
+ * @author Rui Vilao (rpvilao@gmail.com)
+ */
+public class TemporaryDirectoriesUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTempDirWithPrefixNoTargetSpecified_whenCreateWithPlainJava_thenInsideOSTempDirStructure() throws IOException {
+ final String tmpdir = Files.createTempDirectory("tmpDirPrefix").toFile().getAbsolutePath();
+ final String tmpDirsLocation = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
+
+ assertThat(tmpdir).startsWith(tmpDirsLocation);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTempDirWithPrefixNoTargetSpecified_whenCreateWithGuava_thenInsideOSTempDirStructure() throws IOException {
+ final String tmpdir = com.google.common.io.Files.createTempDir().getAbsolutePath();
+ final String tmpDirsLocation = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
+
+ assertThat(tmpdir).startsWith(tmpDirsLocation);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTempDirWithPrefixNoTargetSpecified_whenCreateWithApacheCommonsIo_thenInsideOSTempDirStructure() throws IOException {
+ final String tmpDirsLocation = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
+ final Path path = Paths.get(FileUtils.getTempDirectory().getAbsolutePath(), UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+ final String tmpdir = Files.createDirectories(path).toFile().getAbsolutePath();
+
+ assertThat(tmpdir).startsWith(tmpDirsLocation);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTempDirWithPrefixWithTargetSpecified_whenCreatePlainJava_thenInsideTarget() throws IOException {
+ final Path tmpdir = Files.createTempDirectory(Paths.get("target"), "tmpDirPrefix");
+ assertThat(tmpdir.toFile().getPath()).startsWith("target");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTempDirWithPrefixWithTargetSpecifiedWithDeleteOnExit_whenCreatePlainJava_thenInsideTarget() throws IOException {
+ final Path tmpdir = Files.createTempDirectory(Paths.get("target"), "tmpDirPrefix");
+ assertThat(tmpdir.toFile().getPath()).startsWith("target");
+ tmpdir.toFile().deleteOnExit();
+ // we can really assert this test, just as an example.
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTempDirWithPrefixWithFileAttrs_whenCreatePlainJava_thenAttributesAreSet() throws IOException {
+ boolean isPosix = FileSystems.getDefault().supportedFileAttributeViews().contains("posix");
+
+ if(!isPosix){
+ System.out.println("You must be under a Posix Compliant Filesystem to run this test.");
+ } else {
+ final FileAttribute> attrs = PosixFilePermissions.asFileAttribute(PosixFilePermissions.fromString("r--------"));
+
+ final Path tmpdir = Files.createTempDirectory(Paths.get("target"), "tmpDirPrefix", attrs);
+ assertThat(tmpdir.toFile().getPath()).startsWith("target");
+ assertThat(tmpdir.toFile().canWrite()).isFalse();
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/writebytearray/WriteByteArrayUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/writebytearray/WriteByteArrayUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef8c8e2470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/writebytearray/WriteByteArrayUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package com.baeldung.writebytearray;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+
+import com.google.common.io.ByteSink;
+import com.google.common.io.MoreFiles;
+
+public class WriteByteArrayUnitTest {
+ private static byte[] dataForWriting;
+
+ @Rule
+ public TemporaryFolder tempFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+
+ @BeforeClass
+ public static void setup() throws IOException {
+ dataForWriting = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("src/test/resources/example-image.jpg"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenUsingFileOutputStream_thenByteArrayIsWritten() throws IOException {
+ File outputFile = tempFolder.newFile("example-fos.jpg");
+ try (FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(outputFile)) {
+ outputStream.write(dataForWriting);
+ assertThat(outputFile).hasBinaryContent(dataForWriting);
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenUsingNioFiles_thenByteArrayIsWritten() throws IOException {
+ File outputFile = tempFolder.newFile("example-nio-files.jpg");
+ Files.write(outputFile.toPath(), dataForWriting);
+ assertThat(outputFile).hasBinaryContent(dataForWriting);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenUsingGuavaFiles_thenByteArrayIsWritten() throws IOException {
+ File outputFile = tempFolder.newFile("example-guava-files.jpg");
+ com.google.common.io.Files.write(dataForWriting, outputFile);
+ assertThat(outputFile).hasBinaryContent(dataForWriting);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenUsingGuavaByteSink_thenByteArrayIsWritten() throws IOException {
+ File outputFile = tempFolder.newFile("example-guava-bs.jpg");
+ ByteSink byteSink = com.google.common.io.Files.asByteSink(outputFile);
+ byteSink.write(dataForWriting);
+ assertThat(outputFile).hasBinaryContent(dataForWriting);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenUsingGuavaByteSinkMoreFiles_thenByteArrayIsWritten() throws IOException {
+ File outputFile = tempFolder.newFile("example-guava-bs.jpg");
+ ByteSink byteSink = MoreFiles.asByteSink(outputFile.toPath(), StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.WRITE);
+ byteSink.write(dataForWriting);
+ assertThat(outputFile).hasBinaryContent(dataForWriting);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void whenUsingCommonsIo_thenByteArrayIsWritten() throws IOException {
+ File outputFile = tempFolder.newFile("example-file-utils.jpg");
+ FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(outputFile, dataForWriting);
+ assertThat(outputFile).hasBinaryContent(dataForWriting);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/spring-mvc-java-2/src/main/webapp/resources/hello.css b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/resources/dummy.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from spring-mvc-java-2/src/main/webapp/resources/hello.css
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/resources/dummy.txt
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/resources/example-image.jpg b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/resources/example-image.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43b8962793
Binary files /dev/null and b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/resources/example-image.jpg differ
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/resources/linesInput.txt b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/resources/linesInput.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..572d5d9483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/resources/linesInput.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Line 1
+Line 2
+Line 3
+Line 4
+Line 5
diff --git a/spring-rest-hal-browser/src/main/resources/application.properties b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/resources/notDir.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from spring-rest-hal-browser/src/main/resources/application.properties
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-io-3/src/test/resources/notDir.txt
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/.gitignore b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c0cd871c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+test-link*
+0.*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c837e2bffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+## Core Java IO
+
+This module contains articles about core Java input and output (IO)
+
+### Relevant Articles:
+
+- [Java File Separator vs File Path Separator](https://www.baeldung.com/java-file-vs-file-path-separator)
+- [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-io-3)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee31b35ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ core-java-io-4
+ 0.1.0-SNAPSHOT
+ core-java-io-4
+ jar
+
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ core-java-modules
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+ ../
+
+
+
+
+
+ commons-io
+ commons-io
+ ${commons-io.version}
+
+
+
+ log4j
+ log4j
+ ${log4j.version}
+
+
+ org.slf4j
+ log4j-over-slf4j
+ ${org.slf4j.version}
+
+
+
+ org.assertj
+ assertj-core
+ ${assertj.version}
+ test
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3.6.1
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/fileseparator/FilePathSeparatorUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/fileseparator/FilePathSeparatorUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..959aae8aff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/fileseparator/FilePathSeparatorUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.baeldung.fileseparator;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.EnabledOnOs;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.OS;
+
+public class FilePathSeparatorUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ @EnabledOnOs(OS.WINDOWS)
+ public void whenCheckPathSeparator_thenResultIsAsExpectedOnWindows() throws IOException {
+ assertEquals(";", File.pathSeparator);
+ assertEquals(';', File.pathSeparatorChar);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ @EnabledOnOs({ OS.LINUX, OS.MAC })
+ public void whenCheckPathSeparator_thenResultIsAsExpected() throws IOException {
+ assertEquals(":", File.pathSeparator);
+ assertEquals(':', File.pathSeparatorChar);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ @EnabledOnOs(OS.WINDOWS)
+ public void whenBuildPathUsingString_thenResultIsAsExpectedOnWindows() throws IOException {
+ String[] pathNames = { "path1", "path2", "path3" };
+ String path = String.join(File.pathSeparator, pathNames);
+ assertEquals("path1;path2;path3",path);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ @EnabledOnOs({ OS.LINUX, OS.MAC })
+ public void whenBuildPathUsingString_thenResultIsAsExpected() throws IOException {
+ String[] pathNames = { "path1", "path2", "path3" };
+ String path = String.join(File.pathSeparator, pathNames);
+ assertEquals("path1:path2:path3", path);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ @EnabledOnOs(OS.WINDOWS)
+ public void whenbuildPathUsingStringJoiner_thenResultIsAsExpectedOnWindows() throws IOException {
+ assertEquals("path1;path2", buildPathUsingStringJoiner("path1", "path2"));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ @EnabledOnOs({ OS.LINUX, OS.MAC })
+ public void whenbuildPathUsingStringJoiner_thenResultIsAsExpected() throws IOException {
+ assertEquals("path1:path2", buildPathUsingStringJoiner("path1", "path2"));
+ }
+
+ private String buildPathUsingStringJoiner(String path1, String path2) {
+ StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(File.pathSeparator);
+ joiner.add(path1);
+ joiner.add(path2);
+ return joiner.toString();
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/fileseparator/FileSeparatorUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/fileseparator/FileSeparatorUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f908dcc9bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/fileseparator/FileSeparatorUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.baeldung.fileseparator;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.EnabledOnOs;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.OS;
+
+public class FileSeparatorUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ @EnabledOnOs(OS.WINDOWS)
+ public void whenCheckFileSeparator_thenCorrectOnWindows() {
+ assertEquals("\\", File.separator);
+ assertEquals('\\', File.separatorChar);
+
+ String fileSeparator = FileSystems.getDefault().getSeparator();
+ assertEquals("\\",fileSeparator);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ @EnabledOnOs({ OS.LINUX, OS.MAC })
+ public void whenCheckFileSeparator_thenCorrect() {
+ assertEquals("/", File.separator);
+ assertEquals('/', File.separatorChar);
+
+ String fileSeparator = FileSystems.getDefault().getSeparator();
+ assertEquals("/",fileSeparator);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ @EnabledOnOs(OS.WINDOWS)
+ public void whenBuildFilePathUsingPathsClass_thenCorrectOnWindows() {
+ Path path = Paths.get("dir1", "dir2");
+ assertEquals("dir1\\dir2", path.toString());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ @EnabledOnOs({ OS.LINUX, OS.MAC })
+ public void whenBuildFilePathUsingPathsClass_thenCorrect() {
+ Path path = Paths.get("dir1", "dir2");
+ assertEquals("dir1/dir2", path.toString());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ @EnabledOnOs(OS.WINDOWS)
+ public void whenBuildFilePathUsingFileClass_thenOutputIsAsExpectedOnWindows() {
+ File file = new File("file1", "file2");
+ assertEquals("file1\\file2", file.toString());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ @EnabledOnOs({ OS.LINUX, OS.MAC })
+ public void whenBuildFilePathUsingFileClass_thenOutputIsAsExpected() {
+ File file = new File("file1", "file2");
+ assertEquals("file1/file2", file.toString());
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis/README.md
index 4d2bb0afb1..9399443ebd 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-apis/README.md
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ This module contains articles about core Java input/output(IO) APIs.
- [A Guide to the Java FileReader Class](https://www.baeldung.com/java-filereader)
- [The Java File Class](https://www.baeldung.com/java-io-file)
- [Java FileWriter](https://www.baeldung.com/java-filewriter)
-- [Differences Between the Java WatchService API and the Apache Commons IO Monitor Library](https://www.baeldung.com/java-watchservice-vs-apache-commons-io-monitor-library)
- [Comparing getPath(), getAbsolutePath(), and getCanonicalPath() in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-path)
- [Quick Use of FilenameFilter](https://www.baeldung.com/java-filename-filter)
- [Guide to BufferedReader](https://www.baeldung.com/java-buffered-reader)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/README.md
index 9ce36e7437..b2153b3669 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/README.md
@@ -6,4 +6,6 @@ This module contains articles about core Java input/output(IO) conversions.
- [Java InputStream to String](https://www.baeldung.com/convert-input-stream-to-string)
- [Java – Write an InputStream to a File](https://www.baeldung.com/convert-input-stream-to-a-file)
- [Converting a BufferedReader to a JSONObject](https://www.baeldung.com/java-bufferedreader-to-jsonobject)
+- [Reading a CSV File into an Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-csv-file-array)
+- [How to Write to a CSV File in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-csv)
- More articles: [[<-- prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/pom.xml
index e9cf3f55d1..b8b5074c7c 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/pom.xml
@@ -26,6 +26,12 @@
json${json.version}
+
+ com.opencsv
+ opencsv
+ ${opencsv.version}
+ test
+
@@ -40,6 +46,7 @@
20200518
+ 4.1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/main/java/com/baeldung/csv/WriteCsvFileExample.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/csv/WriteCsvFileExample.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/main/java/com/baeldung/csv/WriteCsvFileExample.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/csv/WriteCsvFileExample.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/test/java/com/baeldung/csv/ReadCSVInArrayUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/csv/ReadCSVInArrayUnitTest.java
similarity index 92%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/test/java/com/baeldung/csv/ReadCSVInArrayUnitTest.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/csv/ReadCSVInArrayUnitTest.java
index 2593eee82b..7e4c1a127f 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/test/java/com/baeldung/csv/ReadCSVInArrayUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/csv/ReadCSVInArrayUnitTest.java
@@ -1,20 +1,11 @@
package com.baeldung.csv;
-import java.io.BufferedReader;
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
-import java.io.FileReader;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Scanner;
-
+import com.opencsv.CSVReader;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
-import com.opencsv.CSVReader;
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.*;
public class ReadCSVInArrayUnitTest {
public static final String COMMA_DELIMITER = ",";
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/test/java/com/baeldung/csv/WriteCsvFileExampleUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/csv/WriteCsvFileExampleUnitTest.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/test/java/com/baeldung/csv/WriteCsvFileExampleUnitTest.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/csv/WriteCsvFileExampleUnitTest.java
index 5f4827bc21..fa76472685 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/test/java/com/baeldung/csv/WriteCsvFileExampleUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/csv/WriteCsvFileExampleUnitTest.java
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
package com.baeldung.csv;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
@@ -10,10 +12,8 @@ import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
public class WriteCsvFileExampleUnitTest {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WriteCsvFileExampleUnitTest.class);
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/test/resources/book.csv b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/test/resources/book.csv
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/test/resources/book.csv
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions-2/src/test/resources/book.csv
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions/src/test/java/com/baeldung/filetoinputstream/JavaXToInputStreamUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions/src/test/java/com/baeldung/filetoinputstream/JavaXToInputStreamUnitTest.java
index caedd1747b..c20752639f 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions/src/test/java/com/baeldung/filetoinputstream/JavaXToInputStreamUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io-conversions/src/test/java/com/baeldung/filetoinputstream/JavaXToInputStreamUnitTest.java
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ import com.google.common.io.CharSource;
import com.google.common.io.Files;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
-import org.apache.commons.io.input.ReaderInputStream;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class JavaXToInputStreamUnitTest {
protected final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public class JavaXToInputStreamUnitTest {
@Test
public final void givenUsingGuava_whenConvertingStringToInputStream_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
final String initialString = "text";
- final InputStream targetStream = new ReaderInputStream(CharSource.wrap(initialString).openStream());
+ final InputStream targetStream = CharSource.wrap(initialString).asByteSource(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).openStream();
IOUtils.closeQuietly(targetStream);
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-io/README.md
index 2c6c3363cb..c8a189ac81 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-io/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io/README.md
@@ -8,10 +8,9 @@ This module contains articles about core Java input and output (IO)
- [Java – Directory Size](https://www.baeldung.com/java-folder-size)
- [File Size in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-file-size)
- [Zipping and Unzipping in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-compress-and-uncompress)
-- [Reading a CSV File into an Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-csv-file-array)
- [How to Get the File Extension of a File in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-file-extension)
- [Getting a File’s Mime Type in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-file-mime-type)
-- [How to Write to a CSV File in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-csv)
- [How to Avoid the Java FileNotFoundException When Loading Resources](https://www.baeldung.com/java-classpath-resource-cannot-be-opened)
- [Create a Directory in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-create-directory)
+- [Java – Rename or Move a File](https://www.baeldung.com/java-how-to-rename-or-move-a-file)
- [[More -->]](/core-java-modules/core-java-io-2)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-io/pom.xml
index ccfb57e909..02b5adae7c 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-io/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io/pom.xml
@@ -29,12 +29,6 @@
${hsqldb.version}runtime
-
- com.opencsv
- opencsv
- ${opencsv.version}
- test
- org.apache.tika
@@ -66,7 +60,6 @@
org.codehaus.mojoexec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}javacom.baeldung.outofmemoryerror.OutOfMemoryGCLimitExceed
@@ -114,7 +107,6 @@
org.codehaus.mojoexec-maven-plugin
-
run-benchmarks
@@ -142,8 +134,6 @@
-
- 4.13.6.1
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/main/java/com/baeldung/unzip/UnzipFile.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/main/java/com/baeldung/unzip/UnzipFile.java
index 140d809d44..a18663f544 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/main/java/com/baeldung/unzip/UnzipFile.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/main/java/com/baeldung/unzip/UnzipFile.java
@@ -16,31 +16,42 @@ public class UnzipFile {
ZipEntry zipEntry = zis.getNextEntry();
while (zipEntry != null) {
final File newFile = newFile(destDir, zipEntry);
- final FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(newFile);
- int len;
- while ((len = zis.read(buffer)) > 0) {
- fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
+ if (zipEntry.isDirectory()) {
+ if (!newFile.isDirectory() && !newFile.mkdirs()) {
+ throw new IOException("Failed to create directory " + newFile);
+ }
+ } else {
+ File parent = newFile.getParentFile();
+ if (!parent.isDirectory() && !parent.mkdirs()) {
+ throw new IOException("Failed to create directory " + parent);
+ }
+
+ final FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(newFile);
+ int len;
+ while ((len = zis.read(buffer)) > 0) {
+ fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
+ }
+ fos.close();
}
- fos.close();
zipEntry = zis.getNextEntry();
}
zis.closeEntry();
zis.close();
}
-
+
/**
* @see https://snyk.io/research/zip-slip-vulnerability
*/
public static File newFile(File destinationDir, ZipEntry zipEntry) throws IOException {
File destFile = new File(destinationDir, zipEntry.getName());
-
+
String destDirPath = destinationDir.getCanonicalPath();
String destFilePath = destFile.getCanonicalPath();
-
+
if (!destFilePath.startsWith(destDirPath + File.separator)) {
throw new IOException("Entry is outside of the target dir: " + zipEntry.getName());
}
-
+
return destFile;
}
}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/test/java/com/baeldung/rename/RenameFileUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/test/java/com/baeldung/rename/RenameFileUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f4c4e99dac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-io/src/test/java/com/baeldung/rename/RenameFileUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package com.baeldung.rename;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.FileSystemException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+
+public class RenameFileUnitTest {
+
+ private final String FILE_TO_MOVE = "src/test/resources/originalFileToMove.txt";
+ private final String TARGET_FILE = "src/test/resources/targetFileToMove.txt";
+
+ @BeforeEach
+ public void createFileToMove() throws IOException {
+ File fileToMove = new File(FILE_TO_MOVE);
+ fileToMove.createNewFile();
+ }
+
+ @AfterEach
+ public void cleanUpFiles() {
+ File targetFile = new File(TARGET_FILE);
+ targetFile.delete();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUsingNio_whenMovingFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ Path fileToMovePath = Paths.get(FILE_TO_MOVE);
+ Path targetPath = Paths.get(TARGET_FILE);
+ Files.move(fileToMovePath, targetPath);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUsingFileClass_whenMovingFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ File fileToMove = new File(FILE_TO_MOVE);
+ boolean isMoved = fileToMove.renameTo(new File(TARGET_FILE));
+ if (!isMoved) {
+ throw new FileSystemException(TARGET_FILE);
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUsingGuava_whenMovingFile_thenCorrect()
+ throws IOException {
+ File fileToMove = new File(FILE_TO_MOVE);
+ File targetFile = new File(TARGET_FILE);
+
+ com.google.common.io.Files.move(fileToMove, targetFile);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUsingApache_whenMovingFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+ FileUtils.moveFile(
+ FileUtils.getFile(FILE_TO_MOVE),
+ FileUtils.getFile(TARGET_FILE));
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/.gitignore b/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba516c02b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+!src/test/resources/example-jar/stripe-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/README.md
index f6bb7677d4..f83ea496ab 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/README.md
@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ This module contains articles about JAR files
- [How to Create an Executable JAR with Maven](http://www.baeldung.com/executable-jar-with-maven)
- [Importance of Main Manifest Attribute in a Self-Executing JAR](http://www.baeldung.com/java-jar-executable-manifest-main-class)
- [Guide to Creating and Running a Jar File in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-create-jar)
+- [Get Names of Classes Inside a JAR File](https://www.baeldung.com/jar-file-get-class-names)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/pom.xml
index 6e9d713d7c..45500de739 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/pom.xml
@@ -189,7 +189,6 @@
org.codehaus.mojoexec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}javacom.baeldung.outofmemoryerror.OutOfMemoryGCLimitExceed
@@ -249,7 +248,6 @@
org.codehaus.mojoexec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}run-benchmarks
@@ -397,7 +395,6 @@
1.4.43.1.12.0.3.RELEASE
- 1.6.01.81.8
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jar/GetClassNamesFromJar.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jar/GetClassNamesFromJar.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d8a67dbd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jar/GetClassNamesFromJar.java
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package com.baeldung.jar;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLClassLoader;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
+import java.util.jar.JarFile;
+
+public class GetClassNamesFromJar {
+
+ public static Set getClassNamesFromJarFile(File givenFile) throws IOException {
+ Set classNames = new HashSet<>();
+ try (JarFile jarFile = new JarFile(givenFile)) {
+ Enumeration e = jarFile.entries();
+ while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
+ JarEntry jarEntry = e.nextElement();
+ if (jarEntry.getName().endsWith(".class")) {
+ String className = jarEntry.getName()
+ .replace("/", ".")
+ .replace(".class", "");
+ classNames.add(className);
+ }
+ }
+ return classNames;
+ }
+ }
+
+ public static Set getClassesFromJarFile(File jarFile) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
+ Set classNames = getClassNamesFromJarFile(jarFile);
+ Set classes = new HashSet<>(classNames.size());
+ try (URLClassLoader cl = URLClassLoader.newInstance(new URL[] { new URL("jar:file:" + jarFile + "!/") })) {
+ for (String name : classNames) {
+ Class clazz = cl.loadClass(name); // Loading the class by its name
+ classes.add(clazz);
+ }
+ }
+ return classes;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jar/GetClassNamesFromJarUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jar/GetClassNamesFromJarUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7af3ff59fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jar/GetClassNamesFromJarUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.baeldung.jar;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public class GetClassNamesFromJarUnitTest {
+ private static final String JAR_PATH = "example-jar/stripe-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar";
+ private static final Set EXPECTED_CLASS_NAMES = Sets.newHashSet(
+ "com.baeldung.stripe.StripeApplication",
+ "com.baeldung.stripe.ChargeRequest",
+ "com.baeldung.stripe.StripeService",
+ "com.baeldung.stripe.ChargeRequest$Currency",
+ "com.baeldung.stripe.ChargeController",
+ "com.baeldung.stripe.CheckoutController");
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenJarFilePath_whenLoadClassNames_thenGetClassNames() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
+ File jarFile = new File(Objects.requireNonNull(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(JAR_PATH)).toURI());
+ Set classNames = GetClassNamesFromJar.getClassNamesFromJarFile(jarFile);
+ Assert.assertEquals(EXPECTED_CLASS_NAMES, classNames);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenJarFilePath_whenLoadClass_thenGetClassObjects() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, URISyntaxException {
+ File jarFile = new File(Objects.requireNonNull(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(JAR_PATH)).toURI());
+ Set classes = GetClassNamesFromJar.getClassesFromJarFile(jarFile);
+ Set names = classes.stream().map(Class::getName).collect(Collectors.toSet());
+ Assert.assertEquals(EXPECTED_CLASS_NAMES, names);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/src/test/resources/example-jar/stripe-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar b/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/src/test/resources/example-jar/stripe-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..213d7f9400
Binary files /dev/null and b/core-java-modules/core-java-jar/src/test/resources/example-jar/stripe-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar differ
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule/pom.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index fe6689dcc3..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule/pom.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-
-
- 4.0.0
- consumermodule
- 1.0
- jar
-
-
- com.baeldung.decoupling-pattern1
- decoupling-pattern1
- 1.0
-
-
-
-
- com.baeldung.servicemodule
- servicemodule
- ${servicemodule.version}
-
-
-
-
-
-
- org.apache.maven.plugins
- maven-compiler-plugin
-
-
-
-
-
- 1.0
-
-
-
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule1/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule1/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0213a17d74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule1/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ consumermodule1
+ 1.0
+ jar
+
+
+ com.baeldung.decoupling-pattern1
+ decoupling-pattern1
+ 1.0
+
+
+
+
+ com.baeldung.servicemodule
+ servicemodule1
+ ${servicemodule.version}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.plugins
+ maven-compiler-plugin
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1.0
+
+
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/consumermodule/Application.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule1/src/main/java/com/baeldung/consumermodule/Application.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/consumermodule/Application.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule1/src/main/java/com/baeldung/consumermodule/Application.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule/src/main/java/module-info.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule1/src/main/java/module-info.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule/src/main/java/module-info.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/consumermodule1/src/main/java/module-info.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/pom.xml
index fd59c151e6..2808f0afb5 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/pom.xml
@@ -6,12 +6,18 @@
4.0.0com.baeldung.decoupling-pattern1decoupling-pattern1
- 1.0
+ 1.0-SNAPSHOTpom
+
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ core-java-jpms
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+
+
- servicemodule
- consumermodule
+ servicemodule1
+ consumermodule1
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/pom.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index c2da228ce6..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/pom.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-
-
- 4.0.0
- servicemodule
- jar
-
-
- com.baeldung.decoupling-pattern1
- decoupling-pattern1
- 1.0
-
-
-
-
-
- org.apache.maven.plugins
- maven-compiler-plugin
-
-
-
-
-
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule1/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule1/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c811ea866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule1/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ com.baeldung.servicemodule
+ servicemodule1
+ jar
+
+
+ com.baeldung.decoupling-pattern1
+ decoupling-pattern1
+ 1.0
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.plugins
+ maven-compiler-plugin
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/external/TextService.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule1/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/external/TextService.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/external/TextService.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule1/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/external/TextService.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/external/TextServiceFactory.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule1/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/external/TextServiceFactory.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/external/TextServiceFactory.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule1/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/external/TextServiceFactory.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/internal/LowercaseTextService.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule1/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/internal/LowercaseTextService.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/internal/LowercaseTextService.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule1/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/internal/LowercaseTextService.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/internal/UppercaseTextService.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule1/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/internal/UppercaseTextService.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/internal/UppercaseTextService.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule1/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/internal/UppercaseTextService.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/src/main/java/module-info.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule1/src/main/java/module-info.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule/src/main/java/module-info.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern1/servicemodule1/src/main/java/module-info.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule/pom.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index e6b351b1b9..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule/pom.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-
-
- 4.0.0
- com.baeldung.consumermodule
- consumermodule
- 1.0
-
-
- com.baeldung.decoupling-pattern2
- decoupling-pattern2
- 1.0-SNAPSHOT
-
-
-
-
- com.baeldung.servicemodule
- servicemodule
- ${servicemodule.version}
-
-
- com.baeldung.providermodule
- providermodule
- ${providermodule.version}
-
-
-
-
-
-
- org.apache.maven.plugins
- maven-compiler-plugin
-
-
-
-
-
- 1.0
- 1.0
-
-
-
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule2/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule2/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58f162d5a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule2/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ com.baeldung.consumermodule
+ consumermodule2
+ 1.0
+
+
+ com.baeldung.decoupling-pattern2
+ decoupling-pattern2
+ 1.0-SNAPSHOT
+
+
+
+
+ com.baeldung.servicemodule
+ servicemodule2
+ ${servicemodule.version}
+
+
+ com.baeldung.providermodule
+ providermodule
+ ${providermodule.version}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.plugins
+ maven-compiler-plugin
+ ${compiler.plugin.version}
+
+ ${source.version}
+ ${target.version}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1.0
+ 1.0
+
+
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/consumermodule/Application.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/consumermodule/Application.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/consumermodule/Application.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/consumermodule/Application.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule/src/main/java/module-info.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule2/src/main/java/module-info.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule/src/main/java/module-info.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/consumermodule2/src/main/java/module-info.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/pom.xml
index 17bca54edb..f1dcccb8af 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/pom.xml
@@ -9,10 +9,16 @@
1.0-SNAPSHOTpom
+
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ core-java-jpms
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+
+
- servicemodule
+ servicemodule2providermodule
- consumermodule
+ consumermodule2
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/providermodule/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/providermodule/pom.xml
index 3e8d5c0c39..9e8f73cc38 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/providermodule/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/providermodule/pom.xml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
com.baeldung.servicemodule
- servicemodule
+ servicemodule2${servicemodule.version}
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@
org.apache.maven.pluginsmaven-compiler-plugin
+ ${compiler.plugin.version}
+
+ ${source.version}
+ ${target.version}
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule/pom.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 51d64998df..0000000000
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule/pom.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-
-
- 4.0.0
- servicemodule
- 1.0
-
-
- com.baeldung.decoupling-pattern2
- decoupling-pattern2
- 1.0-SNAPSHOT
-
-
-
-
-
- org.apache.maven.plugins
- maven-compiler-plugin
-
-
-
-
-
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule2/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule2/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50201911a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule2/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ com.baeldung.servicemodule
+ servicemodule2
+ 1.0
+
+
+ com.baeldung.decoupling-pattern2
+ decoupling-pattern2
+ 1.0-SNAPSHOT
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.plugins
+ maven-compiler-plugin
+ ${compiler.plugin.version}
+
+ ${source.version}
+ ${target.version}
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/TextService.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/TextService.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/TextService.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/servicemodule/TextService.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule/src/main/java/module-info.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule2/src/main/java/module-info.java
similarity index 100%
rename from core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule/src/main/java/module-info.java
rename to core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/decoupling-pattern2/servicemodule2/src/main/java/module-info.java
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/pom.xml
index 5809c0f579..ee7eb02f10 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jpms/pom.xml
@@ -20,4 +20,26 @@
decoupling-pattern2
+
+
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.plugins
+ maven-compiler-plugin
+ ${compiler.plugin.version}
+
+ ${source.version}
+ ${target.version}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3.8.0
+ 11
+ 11
+
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/README.md
index 1aa69e7e63..ccca3a11ac 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/README.md
@@ -8,4 +8,8 @@ This module contains articles about working with the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
- [Measuring Object Sizes in the JVM](https://www.baeldung.com/jvm-measuring-object-sizes)
- [Adding Shutdown Hooks for JVM Applications](https://www.baeldung.com/jvm-shutdown-hooks)
- [boolean and boolean[] Memory Layout in the JVM](https://www.baeldung.com/jvm-boolean-memory-layout)
-- More articles: [[<-- prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm)
\ No newline at end of file
+- [Where Is the Array Length Stored in JVM?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-jvm-array-length)
+- [Memory Address of Objects in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-object-memory-address)
+- [List All Classes Loaded in a Specific Class Loader](https://www.baeldung.com/java-list-classes-class-loader)
+- [An Introduction to the Constant Pool in the JVM](https://www.baeldung.com/jvm-constant-pool)
+- More articles: [[<-- prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantpool/ConstantPool.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantpool/ConstantPool.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9aea05272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantpool/ConstantPool.java
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.baeldung.constantpool;
+
+public class ConstantPool {
+
+ public void sayHello() {
+ System.out.println("Hello World");
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/loadedclasslisting/Launcher.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/loadedclasslisting/Launcher.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd9573d6b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/loadedclasslisting/Launcher.java
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.loadedclasslisting;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+public class Launcher {
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+ printClassesLoadedBy("BOOTSTRAP");
+ printClassesLoadedBy("SYSTEM");
+ printClassesLoadedBy("EXTENSION");
+ }
+
+ private static void printClassesLoadedBy(String classLoaderType) {
+ System.out.println(classLoaderType + " ClassLoader : ");
+ Class[] classes = ListLoadedClassesAgent.listLoadedClasses(classLoaderType);
+ Arrays.asList(classes)
+ .forEach(clazz -> System.out.println(clazz.getCanonicalName()));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/loadedclasslisting/ListLoadedClassesAgent.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/loadedclasslisting/ListLoadedClassesAgent.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..337214a664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/loadedclasslisting/ListLoadedClassesAgent.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.baeldung.loadedclasslisting;
+
+import java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation;
+
+public class ListLoadedClassesAgent {
+
+ private static Instrumentation instrumentation;
+
+ public static void premain(String agentArgs, Instrumentation instrumentation) {
+ ListLoadedClassesAgent.instrumentation = instrumentation;
+ }
+
+ public static Class[] listLoadedClasses(String classLoaderType) {
+ if (instrumentation == null) {
+ throw new IllegalStateException(
+ "ListLoadedClassesAgent is not initialized.");
+ }
+ return instrumentation.getInitiatedClasses(
+ getClassLoader(classLoaderType));
+ }
+
+ private static ClassLoader getClassLoader(String classLoaderType) {
+ ClassLoader classLoader = null;
+ switch (classLoaderType) {
+ case "SYSTEM":
+ classLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
+ break;
+ case "EXTENSION":
+ classLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getParent();
+ break;
+ // passing a null value to the Instrumentation : getInitiatedClasses method
+ // defaults to the bootstrap class loader
+ case "BOOTSTRAP":
+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+ return classLoader;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/loadedclasslisting/MANIFEST.MF b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/loadedclasslisting/MANIFEST.MF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a60bda0b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/loadedclasslisting/MANIFEST.MF
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Premain-Class: com.baeldung.loadedclasslisting.ListLoadedClassesAgent
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/memaddress/MemoryAddressUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/memaddress/MemoryAddressUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d4ba0a129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/memaddress/MemoryAddressUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.memaddress;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.openjdk.jol.vm.VM;
+
+public class MemoryAddressUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void printTheMemoryAddress() {
+ String answer = "42";
+
+ System.out.println("The memory address is " + VM.current().addressOf(answer));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void identityHashCodeAndMemoryAddress() {
+ Object obj = new Object();
+
+ System.out.println("Memory address: " + VM.current().addressOf(obj));
+ System.out.println("hashCode: " + obj.hashCode());
+ System.out.println("hashCode: " + System.identityHashCode(obj));
+ System.out.println("toString: " + obj);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm/pom.xml
index 08e536998c..17ff2f658f 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-jvm/pom.xml
@@ -77,7 +77,6 @@
3.6.13.27.0-GA
- 2.1.0.11.8.00.108.0.1
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/entity/Human.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/entity/Human.java
index cab8546129..98e35d0af2 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/entity/Human.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/entity/Human.java
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public class Human {
public static int compareByNameThenAge(final Human lhs, final Human rhs) {
if (lhs.name.equals(rhs.name)) {
- return lhs.age - rhs.age;
+ return Integer.compare(lhs.age, rhs.age);
} else {
return lhs.name.compareTo(rhs.name);
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/Bar.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/Bar.java
index 4cf0aa2399..3ee78bd7a3 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/Bar.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/Bar.java
@@ -6,8 +6,11 @@ public interface Bar {
String method(String string);
- default String defaultMethod() {
- return "String from Bar";
+ default String defaultBar() {
+ return "Default String from Bar";
}
+ default String defaultCommon() {
+ return "Default Common from Bar";
+ }
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/Baz.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/Baz.java
index c7efe14c89..1e1e9ae094 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/Baz.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/Baz.java
@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ public interface Baz {
String method(String string);
- default String defaultMethod() {
- return "String from Baz";
+ default String defaultBaz() {
+ return "Default String from Baz";
+ }
+
+ default String defaultCommon(){
+ return "Default Common from Baz";
}
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/FooExtended.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/FooExtended.java
index 9141cd8eb8..27ab86dca3 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/FooExtended.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/FooExtended.java
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ package com.baeldung.java8.lambda.tips;
public interface FooExtended extends Baz, Bar {
@Override
- default String defaultMethod() {
- return Bar.super.defaultMethod();
+ default String defaultCommon() {
+ return Bar.super.defaultCommon();
}
-
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/Java8SortUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/Java8SortUnitTest.java
index 9e510575fc..e5f876c84b 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/Java8SortUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/Java8SortUnitTest.java
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public class Java8SortUnitTest {
final List humans = Lists.newArrayList(new Human("Sarah", 12), new Human("Sarah", 10), new Human("Zack", 12));
humans.sort((lhs, rhs) -> {
if (lhs.getName().equals(rhs.getName())) {
- return lhs.getAge() - rhs.getAge();
+ return Integer.compare(lhs.getAge(), rhs.getAge());
} else {
return lhs.getName().compareTo(rhs.getName());
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/Java8FunctionalInteracesLambdasUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/Java8FunctionalInteracesLambdasUnitTest.java
index b409f8e37f..acc3bc8fa3 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/Java8FunctionalInteracesLambdasUnitTest.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lambdas/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/lambda/tips/Java8FunctionalInteracesLambdasUnitTest.java
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ public class Java8FunctionalInteracesLambdasUnitTest {
@Test
public void defaultMethodFromExtendedInterface_whenReturnDefiniteString_thenCorrect() {
final FooExtended fooExtended = string -> string;
- final String result = fooExtended.defaultMethod();
+ final String result = fooExtended.defaultCommon();
- assertEquals("String from Bar", result);
+ assertEquals("Default Common from Bar", result);
}
@Test
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-2/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-2/pom.xml
index 5f2d4ec901..9da76fa168 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-2/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-2/pom.xml
@@ -65,11 +65,8 @@
- 1.19
- 1.193.12.21.9.4
- 3.1029.0-jre
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/README.md
index f496b74bfb..8ed945a56c 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/README.md
@@ -2,4 +2,14 @@
This module contains articles about core features in the Java language
+- [Class.isInstance vs Class.isAssignableFrom](https://www.baeldung.com/java-isinstance-isassignablefrom)
+- [Converting a Java String Into a Boolean](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-to-boolean)
+- [When are Static Variables Initialized in Java?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-static-variables-initialization)
+- [Checking if a Class Exists in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-check-class-exists)
+- [The Difference Between a.getClass() and A.class in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-getclass-vs-class)
+- [Constants in Java: Patterns and Anti-Patterns](https://www.baeldung.com/java-constants-good-practices)
+- [The transient Keyword in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-transient-keyword)
+- [How to Access an Iteration Counter in a For Each Loop](https://www.baeldung.com/java-foreach-counter)
+- [Comparing Doubles in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-comparing-doubles)
+- [Guide to Implementing the compareTo Method](https://www.baeldung.com/java-compareto)
- [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-2)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/pom.xml
index 2a2856a80a..f98074ad1b 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/pom.xml
@@ -23,6 +23,18 @@
${assertj.version}test
+
+ com.google.guava
+ guava
+ ${guava.version}
+ test
+
+
+ org.apache.commons
+ commons-math3
+ 3.6.1
+ test
+
@@ -39,4 +51,4 @@
3.12.2
-
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compareto/BankAccount.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compareto/BankAccount.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..db1f41e6df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compareto/BankAccount.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.baeldung.compareto;
+
+public class BankAccount implements Comparable {
+
+ private final int balance;
+
+ public BankAccount(int balance) {
+ this.balance = balance;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int compareTo(BankAccount anotherAccount) {
+ return this.balance - anotherAccount.balance;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compareto/BankAccountFix.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compareto/BankAccountFix.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95e55fdf22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compareto/BankAccountFix.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.baeldung.compareto;
+
+public class BankAccountFix implements Comparable {
+
+ private final int balance;
+
+ public BankAccountFix(int balance) {
+ this.balance = balance;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int compareTo(BankAccountFix anotherAccount) {
+ return Integer.compare(this.balance, anotherAccount.balance);
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compareto/FootballPlayer.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compareto/FootballPlayer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..173ee32434
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compareto/FootballPlayer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.baeldung.compareto;
+
+public class FootballPlayer implements Comparable {
+
+ private final String name;
+ private final int goalsScored;
+
+ public FootballPlayer(String name, int goalsScored) {
+ this.name = name;
+ this.goalsScored = goalsScored;
+ }
+
+ public String getName() {
+ return name;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int compareTo(FootballPlayer anotherPlayer) {
+ return Integer.compare(this.goalsScored, anotherPlayer.goalsScored);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public boolean equals(Object object) {
+ if (this == object)
+ return true;
+ if (object == null || getClass() != object.getClass())
+ return false;
+ FootballPlayer player = (FootballPlayer) object;
+ return name.equals(player.name);
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compareto/HandballPlayer.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compareto/HandballPlayer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..022155ccae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compareto/HandballPlayer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.compareto;
+
+public class HandballPlayer {
+
+ private final String name;
+ private final int height;
+
+ public HandballPlayer(String name, int height) {
+ this.name = name;
+ this.height = height;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/Calculator.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/Calculator.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78b51c1c93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/Calculator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package com.baeldung.constantspatterns;
+
+public class Calculator {
+ public static final double PI = 3.14159265359;
+ private static final double UPPER_LIMIT = 0x1.fffffffffffffP+1023;
+
+ public enum Operation {
+ ADD, SUBTRACT, DIVIDE, MULTIPLY
+ }
+
+ public double operateOnTwoNumbers(double numberOne, double numberTwo, Operation operation) {
+ if (numberOne > UPPER_LIMIT) {
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("'numberOne' is too large");
+ }
+ if (numberTwo > UPPER_LIMIT) {
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("'numberTwo' is too large");
+ }
+ double answer = 0;
+
+ switch (operation) {
+ case ADD:
+ answer = numberOne + numberTwo;
+ break;
+ case SUBTRACT:
+ answer = numberOne - numberTwo;
+ break;
+ case DIVIDE:
+ answer = numberOne / numberTwo;
+ break;
+ case MULTIPLY:
+ answer = numberOne * numberTwo;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return answer;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/CalculatorConstants.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/CalculatorConstants.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2237782b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/CalculatorConstants.java
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package com.baeldung.constantspatterns;
+
+public interface CalculatorConstants {
+ double PI = 3.14159265359;
+ double UPPER_LIMIT = 0x1.fffffffffffffP+1023;
+
+ enum Operation {
+ ADD, SUBTRACT, MULTIPLY, DIVIDE
+ };
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/GeometryCalculator.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/GeometryCalculator.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47a0dc5233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/GeometryCalculator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.baeldung.constantspatterns;
+
+public class GeometryCalculator implements CalculatorConstants {
+ public static final double UPPER_LIMIT = 100000000000000000000.0;
+
+ public double operateOnTwoNumbers(double numberOne, double numberTwo, Operation operation) {
+ if (numberOne > UPPER_LIMIT) {
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("'numberOne' is too large");
+ }
+ if (numberTwo > UPPER_LIMIT) {
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("'numberTwo' is too large");
+ }
+ double answer = 0;
+
+ switch (operation) {
+ case ADD:
+ answer = numberOne + numberTwo;
+ break;
+ case SUBTRACT:
+ answer = numberOne - numberTwo;
+ break;
+ case DIVIDE:
+ answer = numberOne / numberTwo;
+ break;
+ case MULTIPLY:
+ answer = numberOne * numberTwo;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return answer;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/calculations/MathConstants.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/calculations/MathConstants.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c9c4172ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/calculations/MathConstants.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.baeldung.constantspatterns.calculations;
+
+public final class MathConstants {
+ public static final double PI = 3.14159265359;
+ static final double GOLDEN_RATIO = 1.6180;
+ static final double GRAVITATIONAL_ACCELERATION = 9.8;
+ static final double EULERS_NUMBER = 2.7182818284590452353602874713527;
+
+ public enum Operation {
+ ADD, SUBTRACT, DIVIDE, MULTIPLY
+ }
+
+ private MathConstants() {
+
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/Animal.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/Animal.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..426f1403af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/Animal.java
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.baeldung.getclassobject;
+
+public class Animal {
+ protected int numberOfEyes;
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/Monkey.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/Monkey.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76ad8a96e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/Monkey.java
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package com.baeldung.getclassobject;
+
+public class Monkey extends Animal {
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/SomeAbstractClass.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/SomeAbstractClass.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ee34cf62a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/SomeAbstractClass.java
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package com.baeldung.getclassobject;
+
+public abstract class SomeAbstractClass {
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/SomeInterface.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/SomeInterface.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eec8048481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/SomeInterface.java
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package com.baeldung.getclassobject;
+
+interface SomeInterface {
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/SomeUtils.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/SomeUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..294ef5bc9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/SomeUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.getclassobject;
+
+public class SomeUtils {
+ private SomeUtils() {
+ throw new RuntimeException("This Util class is not allowed to be instantiated!");
+ }
+ // public static utilMethods
+ // ...
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/iterationcounter/IterationCounter.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/iterationcounter/IterationCounter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40d997cb0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/iterationcounter/IterationCounter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package com.baeldung.iterationcounter;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+public class IterationCounter {
+ public static final List IMDB_TOP_MOVIES = Arrays.asList("The Shawshank Redemption",
+ "The Godfather", "The Godfather II", "The Dark Knight");
+
+ public static List getRankingsWithForLoop(List movies) {
+ List rankings = new ArrayList<>();
+ for (int i = 0; i < movies.size(); i++) {
+ String ranking = (i + 1) + ": " + movies.get(i);
+ rankings.add(ranking);
+ }
+ return rankings;
+ }
+
+ public static List getRankingsWithForEachLoop(List movies) {
+ List rankings = new ArrayList<>();
+ int i = 0;
+ for (String movie : movies) {
+ String ranking = (i + 1) + ": " + movies.get(i);
+ rankings.add(ranking);
+
+ i++;
+ }
+ return rankings;
+ }
+
+ public static List getRankingsWithFunctionalForEachLoop(List movies) {
+ List rankings = new ArrayList<>();
+ forEachWithCounter(movies, (i, movie) -> {
+ String ranking = (i + 1) + ": " + movie;
+ rankings.add(ranking);
+ });
+
+ return rankings;
+ }
+
+ public static void forEachWithCounter(Iterable source, BiConsumer consumer) {
+ int i = 0;
+ for (T item : source) {
+ consumer.accept(i, item);
+ i++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ public static List getRankingsWithStream(Stream movies) {
+ List rankings = new ArrayList<>();
+ movies.forEach(withCounter((i, movie) -> {
+ String ranking = (i + 1) + ": " + movie;
+ rankings.add(ranking);
+ }));
+
+ return rankings;
+ }
+
+ public static Consumer withCounter(BiConsumer consumer) {
+ AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+ return item -> consumer.accept(counter.getAndIncrement(), item);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/staticvariables/StaticVariableDemo.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/staticvariables/StaticVariableDemo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..917e9b0953
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/staticvariables/StaticVariableDemo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.staticvariables;
+
+public class StaticVariableDemo {
+ public static int i;
+ public static int j = 20;
+ public static int z;
+
+ static {
+ z = 30;
+ a = 40;
+ }
+
+ public static int a = 50;
+
+ public static final int b = 100;
+
+ public StaticVariableDemo() {
+ }
+
+ static class Nested {
+ public static String nestedClassStaticVariable = "test";
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transientkw/Book.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transientkw/Book.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5822d83841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transientkw/Book.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.baeldung.transientkw;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+public class Book implements Serializable {
+
+ private static final long serialVersionUID = -2936687026040726549L;
+
+ private String bookName;
+ private transient String description;
+ private transient int copies;
+ private final transient String bookCategory = "Fiction";
+
+ public String getBookName() {
+ return bookName;
+ }
+
+ public void setBookName(String bookName) {
+ this.bookName = bookName;
+ }
+
+ public String getDescription() {
+ return description;
+ }
+
+ public void setDescription(String description) {
+ this.description = description;
+ }
+
+ public int getCopies() {
+ return copies;
+ }
+
+ public void setCopies(int copies) {
+ this.copies = copies;
+ }
+
+ public String getBookCategory() {
+ return bookCategory;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transientkw/BookSerDe.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transientkw/BookSerDe.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..38e018baa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/transientkw/BookSerDe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.baeldung.transientkw;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+
+public class BookSerDe {
+ static String fileName = "book.ser";
+
+ /**
+ * Method to serialize Book objects to the file
+ * @throws FileNotFoundException
+ */
+ public static void serialize(Book book) throws Exception {
+ FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
+ ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(file);
+
+ out.writeObject(book);
+
+ out.close();
+ file.close();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Method to deserialize the person object
+ * @return book
+ * @throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
+ */
+ public static Book deserialize() throws Exception {
+ FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(fileName);
+ ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(file);
+
+ Book book = (Book) in.readObject();
+
+ in.close();
+ file.close();
+
+ return book;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/checkclassexistence/CheckClassExistenceUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/checkclassexistence/CheckClassExistenceUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b565f9de31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/checkclassexistence/CheckClassExistenceUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.baeldung.checkclassexistence;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class CheckClassExistenceUnitTest {
+
+ public static class InitializingClass {
+ static {
+ if (true) { //enable throwing of an exception in a static initialization block
+ throw new RuntimeException();
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = ClassNotFoundException.class) //thrown when class does not exist
+ public void givenNonExistingClass_whenUsingForName_thenClassNotFound() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+ Class.forName("class.that.does.not.exist");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenExistingClass_whenUsingForName_thenNoException() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+ Class.forName("java.lang.String");
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = ExceptionInInitializerError.class) //thrown when exception occurs inside of a static initialization block
+ public void givenInitializingClass_whenUsingForName_thenInitializationError() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+ Class.forName("com.baeldung.checkclassexistence.CheckClassExistenceUnitTest$InitializingClass");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenInitializingClass_whenUsingForNameWithoutInitialization_thenNoException() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+ Class.forName("com.baeldung.checkclassexistence.CheckClassExistenceUnitTest$InitializingClass", false, getClass().getClassLoader());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/comparedouble/CompareDoubleUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/comparedouble/CompareDoubleUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c70dabd014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/comparedouble/CompareDoubleUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package com.baeldung.comparedouble;
+
+import com.google.common.math.DoubleMath;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.util.Precision;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class CompareDoubleUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDoubleValuesThatShouldHaveSameValue_whenUsingSimpleComparison_thenFails() {
+ double d1 = getFirstDouble(0);
+
+ double d2 = .1 * 8;
+
+ assertThat(d1 == d2).isFalse();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDoubleValuesThatShouldHaveSameValue_whenUsingThresholdComparison_thenSuccess() {
+ double d1 = getFirstDouble(0);
+
+ double d2 = .1 * 8;
+
+ double epsilon = 0.000001d;
+
+ assertThat(Math.abs(d1 - d2) < epsilon).isTrue();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDoubleValuesThatShouldHaveSameValue_whenUsingGuavaFuzzyComparison_thenSuccess() {
+ double d1 = getFirstDouble(0);
+ double d2 = .1 * 8;
+
+ double epsilon = 0.000001d;
+
+
+ assertThat(DoubleMath.fuzzyEquals(d1, d2, epsilon)).isTrue();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDoubleValuesThatShouldHaveSameValue_whenUsingCommonsMathComparison_thenSuccess() {
+ double d1 = getFirstDouble(0);
+ double d2 = .1 * 8;
+
+ double epsilon = 0.000001d;
+
+
+ assertThat(Precision.equals(d1, d2, epsilon)).isTrue();
+ assertThat(Precision.equals(d1, d2)).isTrue();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenDoubleValuesThatShouldHaveSameValue_whenUsingJunitComparison_thenSuccess() {
+ double d1 = getFirstDouble(0);
+ double d2 = .1 * 8;
+
+ double epsilon = 0.000001d;
+
+ assertEquals(d1, d2, epsilon);
+ }
+
+ private double getFirstDouble(double d1) {
+ for (int i = 1; i <= 8; i++) {
+ d1 += .1;
+ }
+ return d1;
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/ArraysSortingUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/ArraysSortingUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2082386dba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/ArraysSortingUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.compareto;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class ArraysSortingUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenArrayOfNumbers_whenSortingArray_thenNumbersAreSortedAscending() {
+ int[] numbers = new int[] {5, 3, 9, 11, 1, 7};
+ Arrays.sort(numbers);
+ assertThat(numbers).containsExactly(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenArrayOfStrings_whenSortingArray_thenStringsAreSortedAlphabetically() {
+ String[] players = new String[] {"ronaldo", "modric", "ramos", "messi"};
+ Arrays.sort(players);
+ assertThat(players).containsExactly("messi", "modric", "ramos", "ronaldo");
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/BankAccountFixUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/BankAccountFixUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ca16d1372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/BankAccountFixUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.compareto;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class BankAccountFixUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenComparisonBasedImpl_whenUsingSmallIntegers_thenComparisonWorks() {
+ BankAccountFix accountOne = new BankAccountFix(5000);
+ BankAccountFix accountTwo = new BankAccountFix(1000);
+ int comparison = accountOne.compareTo(accountTwo);
+ assertThat(comparison).isPositive();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenComparisonBasedImpl_whenUsingLargeIntegers_thenComparisonWorks() {
+ BankAccountFix accountOne = new BankAccountFix(1900000000);
+ BankAccountFix accountTwo = new BankAccountFix(-2000000000);
+ int comparison = accountOne.compareTo(accountTwo);
+ assertThat(comparison).isPositive();
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/BankAccountUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/BankAccountUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ef9372ff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/BankAccountUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.compareto;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
+
+public class BankAccountUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSubtractionBasedImpl_whenUsingSmallIntegers_thenComparisonWorks() {
+ BankAccount accountOne = new BankAccount(5000);
+ BankAccount accountTwo = new BankAccount(1000);
+ int comparison = accountOne.compareTo(accountTwo);
+ assertThat(comparison).isPositive();
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSubtractionBasedImpl_whenUsingLargeIntegers_thenComparisonBreaks() {
+ BankAccount accountOne = new BankAccount(1900000000);
+ BankAccount accountTwo = new BankAccount(-2000000000);
+ int comparison = accountOne.compareTo(accountTwo);
+ assertThat(comparison).isNegative();
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/FootballPlayerUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/FootballPlayerUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6abd1e113b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/FootballPlayerUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package com.baeldung.compareto;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class FootballPlayerUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenInconsistentCompareToAndEqualsImpl_whenUsingSortedSet_thenSomeElementsAreNotAdded() {
+ FootballPlayer messi = new FootballPlayer("Messi", 800);
+ FootballPlayer ronaldo = new FootballPlayer("Ronaldo", 800);
+
+ TreeSet set = new TreeSet<>();
+ set.add(messi);
+ set.add(ronaldo);
+
+ assertThat(set).hasSize(1);
+ assertThat(set).doesNotContain(ronaldo);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenCompareToImpl_whenUsingCustomComparator_thenComparatorLogicIsApplied() {
+ FootballPlayer ronaldo = new FootballPlayer("Ronaldo", 900);
+ FootballPlayer messi = new FootballPlayer("Messi", 800);
+ FootballPlayer modric = new FootballPlayer("Modric", 100);
+
+ List players = Arrays.asList(ronaldo, messi, modric);
+ Comparator nameComparator = Comparator.comparing(FootballPlayer::getName);
+ Collections.sort(players, nameComparator);
+
+ assertThat(players).containsExactly(messi, modric, ronaldo);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenCompareToImpl_whenSavingElementsInTreeMap_thenKeysAreSortedUsingCompareTo() {
+ FootballPlayer ronaldo = new FootballPlayer("Ronaldo", 900);
+ FootballPlayer messi = new FootballPlayer("Messi", 800);
+ FootballPlayer modric = new FootballPlayer("Modric", 100);
+
+ Map players = new TreeMap<>();
+ players.put(ronaldo, "forward");
+ players.put(messi, "forward");
+ players.put(modric, "midfielder");
+
+ assertThat(players.keySet()).containsExactly(modric, messi, ronaldo);
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/HandballPlayerUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/HandballPlayerUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..143286f15f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/compareto/HandballPlayerUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.compareto;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
+
+public class HandballPlayerUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenComparableIsNotImplemented_whenSortingArray_thenExceptionIsThrown() {
+ HandballPlayer duvnjak = new HandballPlayer("Duvnjak", 197);
+ HandballPlayer hansen = new HandballPlayer("Hansen", 196);
+
+ HandballPlayer[] players = new HandballPlayer[] {duvnjak, hansen};
+
+ assertThatExceptionOfType(ClassCastException.class).isThrownBy(() -> Arrays.sort(players));
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/ConstantPatternUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/ConstantPatternUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba8f237fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/constantspatterns/ConstantPatternUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.constantspatterns;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class ConstantPatternUnitTest {
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoNumbersAndAdd_whenCallingCalculatorOperatOneTwoNumbers_thenCorrectAnswerReturned() {
+ Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
+ double expected = 4;
+ double answer = calculator.operateOnTwoNumbers(2, 2, Calculator.Operation.ADD);
+ assertEquals(expected, answer);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoNumbersAndAdd_whenCallingGeometryCalculatorOperatOneTwoNumbers_thenCorrectAnswerReturned() {
+ GeometryCalculator calculator = new GeometryCalculator();
+ double expected = 4;
+ double answer = calculator.operateOnTwoNumbers(2, 2, GeometryCalculator.Operation.ADD);
+ assertEquals(expected, answer);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/GetClassObjectUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/GetClassObjectUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..20b5b8e0c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/getclassobject/GetClassObjectUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package com.baeldung.getclassobject;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class GetClassObjectUnitTest {
+ @Test
+ public void givenObjectAndType_whenGettingClassObject_thenTwoMethodsHaveTheSameResult() {
+ String str = "I am an object of the String class";
+ Class fromStrObject = str.getClass();
+ Class clazz = String.class;
+ assertSame(fromStrObject, clazz);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenClassInheritance_whenGettingRuntimeTypeAndStaticType_thenGetDifferentResult() {
+ Animal animal = new Monkey();
+ Class runtimeType = animal.getClass();
+ Class staticType = Animal.class;
+ //Not equals
+ assertNotEquals(staticType, runtimeType);
+
+ Class monkeyClass = Monkey.class;
+ assertSame(runtimeType, monkeyClass);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenPrimitiveType_whenGettingClassObject_thenOnlyStaticTypeWorks() {
+ int number = 7;
+ // Class numberClass = number.getClass(); <-- compilation error
+ Class intType = int.class;
+
+ assertNotNull(intType);
+ assertEquals("int", intType.getName());
+ assertTrue(intType.isPrimitive());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTypeCannotInstantiate_whenGetTypeStatically_thenGetTypesSuccefully() {
+ Class interfaceType = SomeInterface.class;
+ Class abstractClassType = SomeAbstractClass.class;
+ Class utilClassType = SomeUtils.class;
+
+ assertNotNull(interfaceType);
+ assertTrue(interfaceType.isInterface());
+ assertEquals("SomeInterface", interfaceType.getSimpleName());
+
+ assertNotNull(abstractClassType);
+ assertEquals("SomeAbstractClass", abstractClassType.getSimpleName());
+
+ assertNotNull(utilClassType);
+ assertEquals("SomeUtils", utilClassType.getSimpleName());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/iterationcounter/IterationCounterUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/iterationcounter/IterationCounterUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6746e570ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/iterationcounter/IterationCounterUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package com.baeldung.iterationcounter;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static com.baeldung.iterationcounter.IterationCounter.*;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
+
+public class IterationCounterUnitTest {
+ @Test
+ public void givenRankings_whenCalculateWithForLoop_thenRankingsCorrect() {
+ assertThat(getRankingsWithForLoop(IMDB_TOP_MOVIES))
+ .containsExactly("1: The Shawshank Redemption",
+ "2: The Godfather", "3: The Godfather II", "4: The Dark Knight");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenRankings_whenCalculateWithForEachLoop_thenRankingsCorrect() {
+ assertThat(getRankingsWithForEachLoop(IMDB_TOP_MOVIES))
+ .containsExactly("1: The Shawshank Redemption",
+ "2: The Godfather", "3: The Godfather II", "4: The Dark Knight");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenRankings_whenCalculateWithFunctionalForEach_thenRankingsCorrect() {
+ assertThat(getRankingsWithFunctionalForEachLoop(IMDB_TOP_MOVIES))
+ .containsExactly("1: The Shawshank Redemption",
+ "2: The Godfather", "3: The Godfather II", "4: The Dark Knight");
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenRankings_whenCalculateWithStream_thenRankingsCorrect() {
+ assertThat(getRankingsWithStream(IMDB_TOP_MOVIES.stream()))
+ .containsExactly("1: The Shawshank Redemption",
+ "2: The Godfather", "3: The Godfather II", "4: The Dark Knight");
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/staticvariables/StaticVariableUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/staticvariables/StaticVariableUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06711a888b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/staticvariables/StaticVariableUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package com.baeldung.staticvariables;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class StaticVariableUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void initializeStaticVariable_checkAssignedValues() {
+
+ try {
+ Class staticVariableDemo = this.getClass()
+ .getClassLoader()
+ .loadClass("com.baeldung.staticvariables.StaticVariableDemo");
+
+ Field field1 = staticVariableDemo.getField("i");
+
+ assertThat(field1.getInt(staticVariableDemo)).isEqualTo(0);
+
+ Field field2 = staticVariableDemo.getField("j");
+
+ assertThat(field2.getInt(staticVariableDemo)).isEqualTo(20);
+
+ } catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void initializeStaticVariable_checkStaticBlock() {
+
+ try {
+ Class staticVariableDemo = this.getClass()
+ .getClassLoader()
+ .loadClass("com.baeldung.staticvariables.StaticVariableDemo");
+
+ Field field1 = staticVariableDemo.getField("z");
+
+ assertThat(field1.getInt(staticVariableDemo)).isEqualTo(30);
+
+ Field field2 = staticVariableDemo.getField("a");
+
+ assertThat(field2.getInt(staticVariableDemo)).isEqualTo(50);
+
+ } catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void initializeStaticVariable_checkFinalValues() {
+
+ try {
+ Class staticVariableDemo = this.getClass()
+ .getClassLoader()
+ .loadClass("com.baeldung.staticvariables.StaticVariableDemo");
+
+ Field field1 = staticVariableDemo.getField("b");
+
+ assertThat(field1.getInt(staticVariableDemo)).isEqualTo(100);
+
+ } catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void initializeStaticVariable_checkInnerClassValues() {
+
+ try {
+ Class staticVariableDemo = this.getClass()
+ .getClassLoader()
+ .loadClass("com.baeldung.staticvariables.StaticVariableDemo");
+
+ Class[] nestedClasses = staticVariableDemo.getClasses();
+
+ for (Class nestedClass : nestedClasses) {
+ if (nestedClass.getName()
+ .equals("Nested")) {
+
+ Field field1 = nestedClass.getField("nestedClassStaticVariable");
+ assertThat(field1.get(nestedClass)).isEqualTo("test");
+ }
+ }
+
+ } catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ }
+
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/transientkw/TransientUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/transientkw/TransientUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf63a0ddda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/transientkw/TransientUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.transientkw;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class TransientUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void givenTransient_whenSerDe_thenVerifyValues() throws Exception {
+ Book book = new Book();
+ book.setBookName("Java Reference");
+ book.setDescription("will not be saved");
+ book.setCopies(25);
+
+ BookSerDe.serialize(book);
+ Book book2 = BookSerDe.deserialize();
+
+ assertEquals("Java Reference", book2.getBookName());
+ assertNull(book2.getDescription());
+ assertEquals(0, book2.getCopies());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenFinalTransient_whenSerDe_thenValuePersisted() throws Exception {
+ Book book = new Book();
+
+ BookSerDe.serialize(book);
+ Book book2 = BookSerDe.deserialize();
+
+ assertEquals("Fiction", book2.getBookCategory());
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b8dff4bd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+## Core Java Lang (Part 4)
+
+This module contains articles about core features in the Java language
+
+- [The Java final Keyword – Impact on Performance](https://www.baeldung.com/java-final-performance)
+- [The package-info.java File](https://www.baeldung.com/java-package-info)
+- [What are Compile-time Constants in Java?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-compile-time-constants)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4813a45fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ core-java-lang-4
+ 0.1.0-SNAPSHOT
+ core-java-lang-4
+ jar
+
+
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ core-java-modules
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+ ../
+
+
+
+
+ org.openjdk.jmh
+ jmh-core
+ ${jmh-core.version}
+
+
+ org.openjdk.jmh
+ jmh-generator-annprocess
+ ${jmh-generator.version}
+ test
+
+
+
+
+ core-java-lang-4
+
+
+ src/main/resources
+ true
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/Annotations.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/Annotations.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c46c511ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/Annotations.java
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.baeldung.compiletimeconstants;
+
+public class Annotations {
+
+ private final String deprecatedDate = "20-02-14";
+ private final String deprecatedTime = "22:00";
+
+ //@Deprecated(since = deprecatedDate + " " + deprecatedTime) //TODO: Required JDK 9+
+ public void deprecatedMethod() {}
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/ClassConstants.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/ClassConstants.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c5995a4ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/ClassConstants.java
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.compiletimeconstants;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class ClassConstants {
+
+ public static final int MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_USERS = 10;
+ public static final String DEFAULT_USERNAME = "unknown";
+
+ public static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ClassConstants.class);
+ public static final List contributorGroups = Arrays.asList("contributor", "author");
+
+ public static final int MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_GUESTS = MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_USERS * 10;
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/CompileTimeVariables.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/CompileTimeVariables.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c783a1368b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/CompileTimeVariables.java
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package com.baeldung.compiletimeconstants;
+
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+
+public class CompileTimeVariables {
+
+ public final String errorMessage = ClassConstants.DEFAULT_USERNAME + " not allowed here.";
+ public final int maximumLoginAttempts = 5;
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+ PrintWriter printWriter = System.console().writer();
+ printWriter.println(ClassConstants.DEFAULT_USERNAME);
+
+ CompileTimeVariables instance = new CompileTimeVariables();
+ printWriter.println(instance.maximumLoginAttempts);
+
+ final String username = "baeldung" + "-" + "user";
+ printWriter.println(username);
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/RuntimeVariables.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/RuntimeVariables.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53e567fe54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/RuntimeVariables.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.baeldung.compiletimeconstants;
+
+import java.io.Console;
+public class RuntimeVariables {
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+ Console console = System.console();
+
+ final String input = console.readLine();
+ console.writer().println(input);
+
+ final double random = Math.random();
+ console.writer().println("Number: " + random);
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/SwitchStatement.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/SwitchStatement.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4242dc8d36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/compiletimeconstants/SwitchStatement.java
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.compiletimeconstants;
+
+public class SwitchStatement {
+
+ private static final String VALUE_ONE = "value-one";
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+ final String valueTwo = "value" + "-" + "two";
+ switch (args[0]) {
+ case VALUE_ONE:
+ break;
+ case valueTwo:
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalkeyword/BenchmarkRunner.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalkeyword/BenchmarkRunner.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee34114195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalkeyword/BenchmarkRunner.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.baeldung.finalkeyword;
+
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class BenchmarkRunner {
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+ org.openjdk.jmh.Main.main(args);
+ }
+
+ @Benchmark
+ @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+ @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+ public static String concatNonFinalStrings() {
+ String x = "x";
+ String y = "y";
+ return x + y;
+ }
+
+ @Benchmark
+ @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+ @BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+ public static String concatFinalStrings() {
+ final String x = "x";
+ final String y = "y";
+ return x + y;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalkeyword/ClassVariableFinal.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalkeyword/ClassVariableFinal.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1aeef76e58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalkeyword/ClassVariableFinal.java
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.finalkeyword;
+
+import java.io.Console;
+
+public class ClassVariableFinal {
+
+ static final boolean doX = false;
+ static final boolean doY = true;
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+ Console console = System.console();
+ if (doX) {
+ console.writer().println("x");
+ } else if (doY) {
+ console.writer().println("y");
+ }
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalkeyword/ClassVariableNonFinal.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalkeyword/ClassVariableNonFinal.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6d83a66cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalkeyword/ClassVariableNonFinal.java
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.finalkeyword;
+
+import java.io.Console;
+
+public class ClassVariableNonFinal {
+
+ static boolean doX = false;
+ static boolean doY = true;
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+ Console console = System.console();
+ if (doX) {
+ console.writer().println("x");
+ } else if (doY) {
+ console.writer().println("y");
+ }
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalkeyword/package-info.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalkeyword/package-info.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd1e3cf8d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalkeyword/package-info.java
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+* This module is about impact of the final keyword on performance
+ *
+ * This module explores if there are any performance benefits from
+ * using the final keyword in our code. This module examines the performance
+ * implications of using final on a variable, method, and class level.
+ *
+*
+* @since 1.0
+* @author baeldung
+* @version 1.1
+*/
+package com.baeldung.finalkeyword;
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/README.md
index 09039f6ed0..5e1dc5af0e 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/README.md
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@
- [Check If Two Rectangles Overlap In Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-check-if-two-rectangles-overlap)
- [Calculate the Distance Between Two Points in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-distance-between-two-points)
- [Find the Intersection of Two Lines in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-intersection-of-two-lines)
-- [Round Up to the Nearest Hundred](https://www.baeldung.com/java-round-up-nearest-hundred)
+- [Round Up to the Nearest Hundred in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-round-up-nearest-hundred)
- [Convert Latitude and Longitude to a 2D Point in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-convert-latitude-longitude)
- [Debugging with Eclipse](https://www.baeldung.com/eclipse-debugging)
- [Matrix Multiplication in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-matrix-multiplication)
-- More articles: [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math)
+- [Largest Power of 2 That Is Less Than the Given Number with Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-largest-power-of-2-less-than-number)
+- More articles: [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math)[[Next -->]](/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-3)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/pom.xml
index e2cced4fbf..56e18158b3 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/pom.xml
@@ -58,22 +58,10 @@
org.openjdk.jmhjmh-generator-annprocess
- ${jmh.version}
+ ${jmh-generator.version}
-
-
-
-
- org.codehaus.mojo
- exec-maven-plugin
- ${exec-maven-plugin.version}
-
-
-
-
-
3.6.13.9.0
@@ -83,7 +71,6 @@
1.0.0-beta41.2.00.6.0
- 1.19
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/largestpowerof2/LargestPowerOf2.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/largestpowerof2/LargestPowerOf2.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca6b25b3e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/largestpowerof2/LargestPowerOf2.java
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.largestpowerof2;
+
+import org.nd4j.linalg.io.Assert;
+
+public class LargestPowerOf2 {
+ public long findLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumber(long input) {
+ Assert.isTrue(input > 1, "Invalid input");
+
+ long firstPowerOf2 = 1;
+ long nextPowerOf2 = 2;
+
+ while (nextPowerOf2 < input) {
+ firstPowerOf2 = nextPowerOf2;
+ nextPowerOf2 = nextPowerOf2 * 2;
+ }
+ return firstPowerOf2;
+ }
+
+ public long findLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumberUsingLogBase2(long input) {
+ Assert.isTrue(input > 1, "Invalid input");
+
+ long temp = input;
+ if (input % 2 == 0) {
+ temp = input - 1;
+ }
+
+ // Find log base 2 of a given number
+ long power = (long) (Math.log(temp) / Math.log(2));
+ long result = (long) Math.pow(2, power);
+
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ public long findLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumberUsingBitwiseAnd(long input) {
+ Assert.isTrue(input > 1, "Invalid input");
+ long result = 1;
+ for (long i = input - 1; i > 1; i--) {
+ if ((i & (i - 1)) == 0) {
+ result = i;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ public long findLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumberUsingBitShiftApproach(long input) {
+ Assert.isTrue(input > 1, "Invalid input");
+ long result = 1;
+ long powerOf2;
+
+ for (long i = 0; i < Long.BYTES * 8; i++) {
+ powerOf2 = 1 << i;
+ if (powerOf2 >= input) {
+ break;
+ }
+ result = powerOf2;
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/largestpowerof2/LargestPowerOf2UnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/largestpowerof2/LargestPowerOf2UnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63f7b03cf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/largestpowerof2/LargestPowerOf2UnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package com.baeldung.algorithms.largestpowerof2;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+
+@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+public class LargestPowerOf2UnitTest {
+ private long input;
+ private long expectedResult;
+
+ public LargestPowerOf2UnitTest(long input, long expectedResult) {
+ this.input = input;
+ this.expectedResult = expectedResult;
+ }
+
+ @Parameterized.Parameters(name = "{index}: verifyLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumber({0}) = {1}")
+ public static Collection data() {
+ return Arrays.asList(new Object[][] { { 2, 1 }, { 4, 2 }, { 500, 256 }, { 512, 256 }, { 1050, 1024 } });
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenValidInput_verifyLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumber() {
+ LargestPowerOf2 largestPowerOf2 = new LargestPowerOf2();
+
+ long result = largestPowerOf2.findLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumber(input);
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(expectedResult, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenValidInput_verifyLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumberUsingLogBase2() {
+ LargestPowerOf2 largestPowerOf2 = new LargestPowerOf2();
+
+ long result = largestPowerOf2.findLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumberUsingLogBase2(input);
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(expectedResult, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenValidInput_verifyLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumberBitwiseAnd() {
+ LargestPowerOf2 largestPowerOf2 = new LargestPowerOf2();
+
+ long result = largestPowerOf2.findLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumberUsingBitwiseAnd(input);
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(expectedResult, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenValidInput_verifyLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumberBitShiftApproach() {
+ LargestPowerOf2 largestPowerOf2 = new LargestPowerOf2();
+
+ long result = largestPowerOf2.findLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumberUsingBitShiftApproach(input);
+
+ Assert.assertEquals(expectedResult, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+ public void givenInvalidInput_ShouldThrowException() {
+ LargestPowerOf2 largestPowerOf2 = new LargestPowerOf2();
+ largestPowerOf2.findLargestPowerOf2LessThanTheGivenNumber(1);
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-3/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-3/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dd3a3c7e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-3/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+=========
+
+## Core Java 8 Cookbooks and Examples - Part 3
+
+### Relevant articles:
+
+- [Evaluating a Math Expression in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-evaluate-math-expression-string)
+- More articles: [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-2)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-3/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-3/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27c2372ab6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-3/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+ core-java-lang-math-3
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+ core-java-lang-math-3
+
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ core-java-modules
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+ ../
+
+
+
+
+ net.objecthunter
+ exp4j
+ 0.4.8
+
+
+
+ com.fathzer
+ javaluator
+ 3.0.3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/math/evaluate/EvalauteMathExpressionsUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/math/evaluate/EvalauteMathExpressionsUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a251e8d545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-math-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/math/evaluate/EvalauteMathExpressionsUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package com.baeldung.math.evaluate;
+
+import javax.script.ScriptEngine;
+import javax.script.ScriptEngineManager;
+import javax.script.ScriptException;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import com.fathzer.soft.javaluator.DoubleEvaluator;
+import com.fathzer.soft.javaluator.StaticVariableSet;
+
+import net.objecthunter.exp4j.Expression;
+import net.objecthunter.exp4j.ExpressionBuilder;
+
+public class EvalauteMathExpressionsUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenSimpleExpression_whenCallEvaluateMethod_thenSuccess() {
+ Expression expression = new ExpressionBuilder("3+2").build();
+ double result = expression.evaluate();
+ Assertions.assertEquals(5, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenTwoVariables_whenCallEvaluateMethod_thenSuccess() {
+ Expression expression = new ExpressionBuilder("3x+2y").variables("x", "y")
+ .build()
+ .setVariable("x", 2)
+ .setVariable("y", 3);
+ double result = expression.evaluate();
+ Assertions.assertEquals(12, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenMathFunctions_whenCallEvaluateMethod_thenSuccess() {
+ Expression expression = new ExpressionBuilder("sin(x)*sin(x)+cos(x)*cos(x)").variables("x")
+ .build()
+ .setVariable("x", 0.5);
+ double result = expression.evaluate();
+ Assertions.assertEquals(1, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenExpression_whenCallEvaluateMethod_thenSuccess() {
+ String expression = "3+2";
+ DoubleEvaluator eval = new DoubleEvaluator();
+ Double result = eval.evaluate(expression);
+ Assertions.assertEquals(5, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenVariables_whenCallEvaluateMethod_thenSuccess() {
+ String expression = "3*x+2*y";
+ DoubleEvaluator eval = new DoubleEvaluator();
+ StaticVariableSet variables = new StaticVariableSet();
+ variables.set("x", 2.0);
+ variables.set("y", 3.0);
+ Double result = eval.evaluate(expression, variables);
+ Assertions.assertEquals(12, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenMathFunction_whenCallEvaluateMethod_thenSuccess() {
+ String expression = "sin(x)*sin(x)+cos(x)*cos(x)";
+ DoubleEvaluator eval = new DoubleEvaluator();
+ StaticVariableSet variables = new StaticVariableSet();
+ variables.set("x", 0.5);
+ Double result = eval.evaluate(expression, variables);
+ Assertions.assertEquals(1, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenJavaScriptingApiAndSimpleExpression_whenCallEvalMethod_thenSuccess() throws ScriptException {
+ ScriptEngineManager scriptEngineManager = new ScriptEngineManager();
+ ScriptEngine scriptEngine = scriptEngineManager.getEngineByName("JavaScript");
+ String expression = "3+2";
+ Integer result = (Integer) scriptEngine.eval(expression);
+ Assertions.assertEquals(5, result);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenJavaScriptingApi_whenCallEvalMethod_thenSuccess() throws ScriptException {
+ ScriptEngineManager scriptEngineManager = new ScriptEngineManager();
+ ScriptEngine scriptEngine = scriptEngineManager.getEngineByName("JavaScript");
+ String expression = "x=2; y=3; 3*x+2*y;";
+ Double result = (Double) scriptEngine.eval(expression);
+ Assertions.assertEquals(12, result);
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/README.md
index 74b9df7c65..720ba9dcfd 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/README.md
@@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ This module contains articles about generics in Java
- [Type Erasure in Java Explained](https://www.baeldung.com/java-type-erasure)
- [Raw Types in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/raw-types-java)
- [Super Type Tokens in Java Generics](https://www.baeldung.com/java-super-type-tokens)
+- [Java Warning “unchecked conversion”](https://www.baeldung.com/java-unchecked-conversion)
+- [Java Warning “Unchecked Cast”](https://www.baeldung.com/java-warning-unchecked-cast)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/pom.xml
index 65a0aeac59..1a538edac9 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/pom.xml
@@ -13,4 +13,32 @@
core-java-lang-oop-genericsjar
+
+
+
+ src/main/resources
+ true
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.plugins
+ maven-compiler-plugin
+ ${maven-compiler-plugin.version}
+
+ ${maven.compiler.source}
+ ${maven.compiler.target}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1.8
+ 1.8
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/src/main/java/com/baeldung/uncheckedcast/UncheckedCast.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/src/main/java/com/baeldung/uncheckedcast/UncheckedCast.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe79488d11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/src/main/java/com/baeldung/uncheckedcast/UncheckedCast.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.uncheckedcast;
+
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.Month;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class UncheckedCast {
+ public static Map getRawMap() {
+ Map rawMap = new HashMap();
+ rawMap.put("date 1", LocalDate.of(2021, Month.FEBRUARY, 10));
+ rawMap.put("date 2", LocalDate.of(1992, Month.AUGUST, 8));
+ rawMap.put("date 3", LocalDate.of(1976, Month.NOVEMBER, 18));
+ return rawMap;
+ }
+
+ public static Map getRawMapWithMixedTypes() {
+ Map rawMap = new HashMap();
+ rawMap.put("date 1", LocalDate.of(2021, Month.FEBRUARY, 10));
+ rawMap.put("date 2", LocalDate.of(1992, Month.AUGUST, 8));
+ rawMap.put("date 3", LocalDate.of(1976, Month.NOVEMBER, 18));
+ rawMap.put("date 4", new Date());
+ return rawMap;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/src/main/java/com/baeldung/uncheckedconversion/UncheckedConversion.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/src/main/java/com/baeldung/uncheckedconversion/UncheckedConversion.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ad4a92077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/src/main/java/com/baeldung/uncheckedconversion/UncheckedConversion.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package com.baeldung.uncheckedconversion;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class UncheckedConversion {
+ public static List getRawList() {
+ List result = new ArrayList();
+ result.add("I am the 1st String.");
+ result.add("I am the 2nd String.");
+ result.add("I am the 3rd String.");
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ public static List getRawListWithMixedTypes() {
+ List result = new ArrayList();
+ result.add("I am the 1st String.");
+ result.add("I am the 2nd String.");
+ result.add("I am the 3rd String.");
+ result.add(new Date());
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ public static List castList(Class clazz, Collection rawCollection) {
+ List result = new ArrayList<>(rawCollection.size());
+ for (Object o : rawCollection) {
+ try {
+ result.add(clazz.cast(o));
+ } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+ // log the exception or other error handling
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ public static List castList2(Class clazz, Collection rawCollection) throws ClassCastException {
+ List result = new ArrayList<>(rawCollection.size());
+ for (Object o : rawCollection) {
+ result.add(clazz.cast(o));
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/src/test/java/com/baeldung/uncheckedcast/UncheckedCastUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/src/test/java/com/baeldung/uncheckedcast/UncheckedCastUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1bd46555e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/src/test/java/com/baeldung/uncheckedcast/UncheckedCastUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.uncheckedcast;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.Month;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class UncheckedCastUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenRawMap_whenCastToTypedMap_shouldHaveCompilerWarning() {
+ Map castFromRawMap = (Map) UncheckedCast.getRawMap();
+ Assert.assertEquals(3, castFromRawMap.size());
+ Assert.assertEquals(castFromRawMap.get("date 2"), LocalDate.of(1992, Month.AUGUST, 8));
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = ClassCastException.class)
+ public void givenMixTypedRawMap_whenCastToTypedMap_shouldThrowClassCastException() {
+ Map castFromRawMap = (Map) UncheckedCast.getRawMapWithMixedTypes();
+ Assert.assertEquals(4, castFromRawMap.size());
+ Assert.assertTrue(castFromRawMap.get("date 4").isAfter(castFromRawMap.get("date 3")));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/src/test/java/com/baeldung/uncheckedconversion/UncheckedConversionUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/src/test/java/com/baeldung/uncheckedconversion/UncheckedConversionUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..37b9a878d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-generics/src/test/java/com/baeldung/uncheckedconversion/UncheckedConversionUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.baeldung.uncheckedconversion;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class UncheckedConversionUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenRawList_whenAssignToTypedList_shouldHaveCompilerWarning() {
+ List fromRawList = UncheckedConversion.getRawList();
+ Assert.assertEquals(3, fromRawList.size());
+ Assert.assertEquals("I am the 1st String.", fromRawList.get(0));
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = ClassCastException.class)
+ public void givenRawList_whenListHasMixedType_shouldThrowClassCastException() {
+ List fromRawList = UncheckedConversion.getRawListWithMixedTypes();
+ Assert.assertEquals(4, fromRawList.size());
+ Assert.assertFalse(fromRawList.get(3).endsWith("String."));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenRawList_whenAssignToTypedListAfterCallingCastList_shouldOnlyHaveElementsWithExpectedType() {
+ List rawList = UncheckedConversion.getRawListWithMixedTypes();
+ List strList = UncheckedConversion.castList(String.class, rawList);
+ Assert.assertEquals(4, rawList.size());
+ Assert.assertEquals("One element with the wrong type has been filtered out.", 3, strList.size());
+ Assert.assertTrue(strList.stream().allMatch(el -> el.endsWith("String.")));
+ }
+
+ @Test(expected = ClassCastException.class)
+ public void givenRawListWithWrongType_whenAssignToTypedListAfterCallingCastList2_shouldThrowException() {
+ List rawList = UncheckedConversion.getRawListWithMixedTypes();
+ UncheckedConversion.castList2(String.class, rawList);
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/README.md
index fa474c9795..43eab24003 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/README.md
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@
This module contains articles about methods in Java
### Relevant Articles:
+
- [Methods in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-methods)
- [Method Overloading and Overriding in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-method-overload-override)
- [Java equals() and hashCode() Contracts](https://www.baeldung.com/java-equals-hashcode-contracts)
- [Guide to hashCode() in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-hashcode)
+- [The Covariant Return Type in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-covariant-return-type)
+- [Does a Method’s Signature Include the Return Type in Java?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-method-signature-return-type)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/main/java/com/baeldung/signature/OverloadingErrors.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/main/java/com/baeldung/signature/OverloadingErrors.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c9d11d925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/main/java/com/baeldung/signature/OverloadingErrors.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package com.baeldung.signature;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+public class OverloadingErrors {
+
+ public void print() {
+ System.out.println("Signature is: print()");
+ }
+
+ /*
+ // Uncommenting this method will lead to a compilation error: java: method print() is already defined in class
+ // The method signature is independent from return type
+ public int print() {
+ System.out.println("Signature is: print()");
+ return 0;
+ }
+ */
+
+ /*
+ // Uncommenting this method will lead to a compilation error: java: method print() is already defined in class
+ // The method signature is independent from modifiers
+ private final void print() {
+ System.out.println("Signature is: print()");
+ }
+ */
+
+ /*
+ // Uncommenting this method will lead to a compilation error: java: method print() is already defined in class
+ // The method signature is independent from thrown exception declaration
+ public void print() throws IllegalStateException {
+ System.out.println("Signature is: print()");
+ throw new IllegalStateException();
+ }
+ */
+
+ public void print(int parameter) {
+ System.out.println("Signature is: print(int)");
+ }
+
+ /*
+ // Uncommenting this method will lead to a compilation error: java: method print(int) is already defined in class
+ // The method signature is independent from parameter names
+ public void print(int anotherParameter) {
+ System.out.println("Signature is: print(int)");
+ }
+ */
+
+ public void printElement(T t) {
+ System.out.println("Signature is: printElement(T)");
+ }
+
+ /*
+ // Uncommenting this method will lead to a compilation error: java: name clash: printElement(java.io.Serializable) and printElement(T) have the same erasure
+ // Even though the signatures appear different, the compiler cannot statically bind the correct method after type erasure
+ public void printElement(Serializable o) {
+ System.out.println("Signature is: printElement(Serializable)");
+ }
+ */
+
+ public void print(Object... parameter) {
+ System.out.println("Signature is: print(Object...)");
+ }
+
+ /*
+ // Uncommenting this method will lead to a compilation error: java cannot declare both sum(Object...) and sum(Object[])
+ // Even though the signatures appear different, after compilation they both resolve to sum(Object[])
+ public void print(Object[] parameter) {
+ System.out.println("Signature is: print(Object[])");
+ }
+ */
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/main/java/com/baeldung/signature/StaticBinding.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/main/java/com/baeldung/signature/StaticBinding.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01016812f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-methods/src/main/java/com/baeldung/signature/StaticBinding.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package com.baeldung.signature;
+
+public class StaticBinding {
+
+ public Number sum(Integer term1, Integer term2) {
+ System.out.println("Adding integers");
+ return term1 + term2;
+ }
+
+ public Number sum(Number term1, Number term2) {
+ System.out.println("Adding numbers");
+ return term1.doubleValue() + term2.doubleValue();
+ }
+
+ public Number sum(Object term1, Object term2) {
+ System.out.println("Adding objects");
+ return term1.hashCode() + term2.hashCode();
+ }
+
+ public Number sum(Object term1, Object... term2) {
+ System.out.println("Adding variable arguments: " + term2.length);
+ int result = term1.hashCode();
+ for (Object o : term2) {
+ result += o.hashCode();
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+ StaticBinding obj = new StaticBinding();
+
+ obj.sum(2, 3); // "Adding integers" due to auto-boxing from int to Integer
+ obj.sum(Integer.valueOf(2), Integer.valueOf(3)); // "Adding integers" due to exact parameter types
+ obj.sum(2, 0x1); // "Adding integers" due to type promotion from byte to int
+
+ obj.sum((Number) 2, (Number) 3); // "Adding numbers" due to explicit cast to Number
+ obj.sum(2.0d, 3.0d); // "Adding numbers" due to auto-boxing from double to Double
+ obj.sum(Float.valueOf(2), Float.valueOf(3)); // "Adding numbers" due to polimorphism
+
+ obj.sum((Object) 2, (Object) 3); // "Adding objects" due to explicit cast to Object
+ obj.sum(2, "John"); // "Adding objects" due to polimorphism
+
+ obj.sum(new Object(), new Object(), new Object()); // "Adding variable arguments 2"
+ obj.sum(new Object(), new Object[]{new Object()}); // "Adding variable arguments 1"
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types-2/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types-2/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4e7b101c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types-2/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+## Core Java Lang OOP - Types
+
+This module contains articles about types in Java
+
+### Relevant Articles:
+
+- [Convert an Array of Primitives to an Array of Objects](https://www.baeldung.com/java-primitive-array-to-object-array)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types-2/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types-2/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94a04fe47b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types-2/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+
+
+ core-java-modules
+ com.baeldung.core-java-modules
+ 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
+
+ 4.0.0
+
+ core-java-lang-oop-types-2
+ jar
+
+
+
+ org.apache.commons
+ commons-lang3
+ ${commons-lang3.version}
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/conversions/PrimitiveToObjectArrayUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/conversions/PrimitiveToObjectArrayUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0f292f26e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/conversions/PrimitiveToObjectArrayUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package com.baeldung.conversions;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class PrimitiveToObjectArrayUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ void givenUsingIteration_whenConvertingToObjects_thenSuccess() {
+ int[] input = new int[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+ Integer[] expected = new Integer[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+
+ Integer[] output = new Integer[input.length];
+ for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
+ output[i] = input[i];
+ }
+
+ assertArrayEquals(expected, output);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenUsingIteration_whenConvertingToPrimitives_thenSuccess() {
+ Integer[] input = new Integer[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+ int[] expected = new int[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+
+ int[] output = new int[input.length];
+ for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
+ output[i] = input[i];
+ }
+
+ assertArrayEquals(expected, output);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenUsingStreams_whenConvertingToObjects_thenSuccess() {
+ int[] input = new int[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+ Integer[] expected = new Integer[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+
+ Integer[] output = Arrays.stream(input)
+ .boxed()
+ .toArray(Integer[]::new);
+
+ assertArrayEquals(expected, output);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenUsingStreams_whenConvertingToPrimitives_thenSuccess() {
+ Integer[] input = new Integer[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+ int[] expected = new int[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+
+ int[] output = Arrays.stream(input)
+ .mapToInt(Integer::intValue)
+ .toArray();
+
+ assertArrayEquals(expected, output);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenUsingApacheCommons_whenConvertingToObjects_thenSuccess() {
+ int[] input = new int[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+ Integer[] expected = new Integer[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+
+ Integer[] output = ArrayUtils.toObject(input);
+
+ assertArrayEquals(expected, output);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ void givenUsingApacheCommons_whenConvertingToPrimitives_thenSuccess() {
+ Integer[] input = new Integer[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+ int[] expected = new int[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+
+ int[] output = ArrayUtils.toPrimitive(input);
+
+ assertArrayEquals(expected, output);
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/README.md b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/README.md
index 449a0f59cc..1ac5a5c804 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/README.md
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/README.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
This module contains articles about types in Java
### Relevant Articles:
+
- [Java Classes and Objects](https://www.baeldung.com/java-classes-objects)
- [Guide to the this Java Keyword](https://www.baeldung.com/java-this)
- [Nested Classes in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-nested-classes)
@@ -10,3 +11,6 @@ This module contains articles about types in Java
- [Iterating Over Enum Values in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-enum-iteration)
- [Attaching Values to Java Enum](https://www.baeldung.com/java-enum-values)
- [A Guide to Java Enums](https://www.baeldung.com/a-guide-to-java-enums)
+- [Determine if an Object is of Primitive Type](https://www.baeldung.com/java-object-primitive-type)
+- [Extending Enums in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-extending-enums)
+- [Java Class File Naming Conventions](https://www.baeldung.com/java-class-file-naming)
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/pom.xml b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/pom.xml
index 5555df4818..c4efd9b8d2 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/pom.xml
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/pom.xml
@@ -12,4 +12,20 @@
core-java-lang-oop-typescore-java-lang-oop-typesjar
+
+
+
+ org.apache.commons
+ commons-lang3
+ ${commons-lang3.version}
+
+
+ commons-codec
+ commons-codec
+ ${commons-codec.version}
+
+
+
+ 1.15
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/classfile/Outer.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/classfile/Outer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..489b85d12d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/classfile/Outer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+package com.baeldung.classfile;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import com.baeldung.classfile.HelloWorld.HelloSomeone;
+
+public class Outer {
+
+ // Static Nested class
+ static class StaticNested {
+ public String message() {
+ return "This is a static Nested Class";
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Non-static Nested class
+ class Nested {
+ public String message() {
+ return "This is a non-static Nested Class";
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Local class
+ public String message() {
+ class Local {
+ private String message() {
+ return "This is a Local Class within a method";
+ }
+ }
+ Local local = new Local();
+ return local.message();
+ }
+
+ // Local class within if clause
+ public String message(String name) {
+ if (StringUtils.isEmpty(name)) {
+ class Local {
+ private String message() {
+ return "This is a Local Class within if clause";
+ }
+ }
+ Local local = new Local();
+ return local.message();
+ } else
+ return "Welcome to " + name;
+ }
+
+ // Anonymous Inner class extending a class
+ public String greet() {
+ Outer anonymous = new Outer() {
+ @Override
+ public String greet() {
+ return "Running Anonymous Class...";
+ }
+ };
+ return anonymous.greet();
+ }
+
+ // Anonymous inner class implementing an interface
+ public String greet(String name) {
+
+ HelloWorld helloWorld = new HelloWorld() {
+ @Override
+ public String greet(String name) {
+ return "Welcome to " + name;
+ }
+
+ };
+ return helloWorld.greet(name);
+ }
+
+ // Anonymous inner class implementing nested interface
+ public String greetSomeone(String name) {
+
+ HelloSomeone helloSomeOne = new HelloSomeone() {
+ @Override
+ public String greet(String name) {
+ return "Hello " + name;
+ }
+
+ };
+ return helloSomeOne.greet(name);
+ }
+
+ // Nested interface within a class
+ interface HelloOuter {
+ public String hello(String name);
+ }
+
+ // Enum within a class
+ enum Color {
+ RED, GREEN, BLUE;
+ }
+}
+
+interface HelloWorld {
+
+ public String greet(String name);
+
+ // Nested class within an interface
+ class InnerClass implements HelloWorld {
+ @Override
+ public String greet(String name) {
+ return "Inner class within an interface";
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Nested interface within an interfaces
+ interface HelloSomeone {
+ public String greet(String name);
+ }
+
+ // Enum within an interface
+ enum Directon {
+ NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST;
+ }
+}
+
+enum Level {
+ LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH;
+
+}
+
+enum Foods {
+
+ DRINKS, EATS;
+
+ // Enum within Enum
+ enum DRINKS {
+ APPLE_JUICE, COLA;
+ }
+
+ enum EATS {
+ POTATO, RICE;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/Application.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/Application.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad3d861d6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/Application.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.enums.extendenum;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.EnumMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class Application {
+ private static final Map OPERATION_MAP;
+
+ static {
+ OPERATION_MAP = new EnumMap<>(ImmutableOperation.class);
+ OPERATION_MAP.put(ImmutableOperation.TO_LOWER, String::toLowerCase);
+ OPERATION_MAP.put(ImmutableOperation.INVERT_CASE, StringUtils::swapCase);
+ OPERATION_MAP.put(ImmutableOperation.REMOVE_WHITESPACES, input -> input.replaceAll("\\s", ""));
+
+ if (Arrays.stream(ImmutableOperation.values()).anyMatch(it -> !OPERATION_MAP.containsKey(it))) {
+ throw new IllegalStateException("Unmapped enum constant found!");
+ }
+ }
+
+ public String applyImmutableOperation(ImmutableOperation operation, String input) {
+ return OPERATION_MAP.get(operation).apply(input);
+ }
+
+ public String getDescription(StringOperation stringOperation) {
+ return stringOperation.getDescription();
+ }
+
+ public String applyOperation(StringOperation operation, String input) {
+ return operation.apply(input);
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/ApplicationWithEx.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/ApplicationWithEx.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9cbad6b7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/ApplicationWithEx.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.enums.extendenum;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.EnumMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class ApplicationWithEx {
+ private static final Map OPERATION_MAP;
+
+ static {
+ OPERATION_MAP = new EnumMap<>(ImmutableOperation.class);
+ OPERATION_MAP.put(ImmutableOperation.TO_LOWER, String::toLowerCase);
+ OPERATION_MAP.put(ImmutableOperation.INVERT_CASE, StringUtils::swapCase);
+ // ImmutableOperation.REMOVE_WHITESPACES is not mapped
+
+ if (Arrays.stream(ImmutableOperation.values()).anyMatch(it -> !OPERATION_MAP.containsKey(it))) {
+ throw new IllegalStateException("Unmapped enum constant found!");
+ }
+ }
+
+ public String applyImmutableOperation(ImmutableOperation operation, String input) {
+ return OPERATION_MAP.get(operation).apply(input);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/BasicStringOperation.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/BasicStringOperation.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..267b02daf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/BasicStringOperation.java
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.enums.extendenum;
+
+public enum BasicStringOperation implements StringOperation {
+ TRIM("Removing leading and trailing spaces.") {
+ @Override
+ public String apply(String input) {
+ return input.trim();
+ }
+ },
+ TO_UPPER("Changing all characters into upper case.") {
+ @Override
+ public String apply(String input) {
+ return input.toUpperCase();
+ }
+ },
+ REVERSE("Reversing the given string.") {
+ @Override
+ public String apply(String input) {
+ return new StringBuilder(input).reverse().toString();
+ }
+ };
+
+ private String description;
+
+ public String getDescription() {
+ return description;
+ }
+
+ BasicStringOperation(String description) {
+ this.description = description;
+ }
+}
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/ExtendedStringOperation.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/ExtendedStringOperation.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6184837b26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/ExtendedStringOperation.java
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.enums.extendenum;
+
+import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
+import org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils;
+
+public enum ExtendedStringOperation implements StringOperation {
+ MD5_ENCODE("Encoding the given string using the MD5 algorithm.") {
+ @Override
+ public String apply(String input) {
+ return DigestUtils.md5Hex(input);
+ }
+ },
+ BASE64_ENCODE("Encoding the given string using the BASE64 algorithm.") {
+ @Override
+ public String apply(String input) {
+ return new String(new Base64().encode(input.getBytes()));
+ }
+ };
+
+ private String description;
+
+ ExtendedStringOperation(String description) {
+ this.description = description;
+ }
+
+
+ @Override
+ public String getDescription() {
+ return description;
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/ImmutableOperation.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/ImmutableOperation.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..66f26a4806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/ImmutableOperation.java
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package com.baeldung.enums.extendenum;
+
+public enum ImmutableOperation {
+ REMOVE_WHITESPACES, TO_LOWER, INVERT_CASE
+}
+
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/Operator.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/Operator.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a65fea4f92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/Operator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.baeldung.enums.extendenum;
+
+public interface Operator {
+ String apply(String input);
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/StringOperation.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/StringOperation.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..faf4f38274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/StringOperation.java
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package com.baeldung.enums.extendenum;
+
+public interface StringOperation {
+ String getDescription();
+
+ String apply(String input);
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/primitivetype/PrimitiveTypeUtil.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/primitivetype/PrimitiveTypeUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff70da1839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/main/java/com/baeldung/primitivetype/PrimitiveTypeUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.baeldung.primitivetype;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class PrimitiveTypeUtil {
+
+ private static final Map, Class> WRAPPER_TYPE_MAP;
+ static {
+ WRAPPER_TYPE_MAP = new HashMap, Class>(16);
+ WRAPPER_TYPE_MAP.put(Integer.class, int.class);
+ WRAPPER_TYPE_MAP.put(Byte.class, byte.class);
+ WRAPPER_TYPE_MAP.put(Character.class, char.class);
+ WRAPPER_TYPE_MAP.put(Boolean.class, boolean.class);
+ WRAPPER_TYPE_MAP.put(Double.class, double.class);
+ WRAPPER_TYPE_MAP.put(Float.class, float.class);
+ WRAPPER_TYPE_MAP.put(Long.class, long.class);
+ WRAPPER_TYPE_MAP.put(Short.class, short.class);
+ WRAPPER_TYPE_MAP.put(Void.class, void.class);
+ }
+
+ public static boolean isPrimitiveType(Object source) {
+ return WRAPPER_TYPE_MAP.containsKey(source.getClass());
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/test/java/com/baeldung/classfile/OuterUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/test/java/com/baeldung/classfile/OuterUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ffe7d561a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/test/java/com/baeldung/classfile/OuterUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package com.baeldung.classfile;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import com.baeldung.classfile.Outer.Nested;
+
+public class OuterUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_static_nestedClass_then_verifyOutput() {
+ Outer.StaticNested nestedClass = new Outer.StaticNested();
+ assertEquals("This is a static Nested Class", nestedClass.message());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_nestedClass_then_verifyOutput() {
+ Outer outer = new Outer();
+ Nested nestedClass = outer.new Nested();
+ assertEquals("This is a non-static Nested Class", nestedClass.message());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_localClass_then_verifyOutput() {
+ Outer outer = new Outer();
+ assertEquals("This is a Local Class within a method", outer.message());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_localClassInIfClause_then_verifyOutput() {
+ Outer outer = new Outer();
+ assertEquals("Welcome to Baeldung", outer.message("Baeldung"));
+ assertEquals("This is a Local Class within if clause", outer.message(""));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_anonymousClass_then_verifyOutput() {
+ Outer outer = new Outer();
+ assertEquals("Running Anonymous Class...", outer.greet());
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void when_anonymousClassHelloWorld_then_verifyOutput() {
+ Outer outer = new Outer();
+ assertEquals("Welcome to Baeldung", outer.greet("Baeldung"));
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/test/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/ExtendEnumUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/test/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/ExtendEnumUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b5ed1e826
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/test/java/com/baeldung/enums/extendenum/ExtendEnumUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package com.baeldung.enums.extendenum;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+public class ExtendEnumUnitTest {
+ private Application app = new Application();
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenAStringAndOperation_whenApplyOperation_thenGetExpectedResult() {
+ String input = " hello";
+ String expectedToUpper = " HELLO";
+ String expectedReverse = "olleh ";
+ String expectedTrim = "hello";
+ String expectedBase64 = "IGhlbGxv";
+ String expectedMd5 = "292a5af68d31c10e31ad449bd8f51263";
+ assertEquals(expectedTrim, app.applyOperation(BasicStringOperation.TRIM, input));
+ assertEquals(expectedToUpper, app.applyOperation(BasicStringOperation.TO_UPPER, input));
+ assertEquals(expectedReverse, app.applyOperation(BasicStringOperation.REVERSE, input));
+ assertEquals(expectedBase64, app.applyOperation(ExtendedStringOperation.BASE64_ENCODE, input));
+ assertEquals(expectedMd5, app.applyOperation(ExtendedStringOperation.MD5_ENCODE, input));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenAStringAndImmutableOperation_whenApplyOperation_thenGetExpectedResult() {
+ String input = " He ll O ";
+ String expectedToLower = " he ll o ";
+ String expectedRmWhitespace = "HellO";
+ String expectedInvertCase = " hE LL o ";
+ assertEquals(expectedToLower, app.applyImmutableOperation(ImmutableOperation.TO_LOWER, input));
+ assertEquals(expectedRmWhitespace, app.applyImmutableOperation(ImmutableOperation.REMOVE_WHITESPACES, input));
+ assertEquals(expectedInvertCase, app.applyImmutableOperation(ImmutableOperation.INVERT_CASE, input));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenUnmappedImmutableOperationValue_whenAppStarts_thenGetException() {
+ Throwable throwable = assertThrows(ExceptionInInitializerError.class, () -> {
+ ApplicationWithEx appEx = new ApplicationWithEx();
+ });
+ assertTrue(throwable.getCause() instanceof IllegalStateException);
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/test/java/com/baeldung/primitivetype/PrimitiveTypeUnitTest.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/test/java/com/baeldung/primitivetype/PrimitiveTypeUnitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9152d3674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/src/test/java/com/baeldung/primitivetype/PrimitiveTypeUnitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.baeldung.primitivetype;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.google.common.primitives.Primitives;
+
+public class PrimitiveTypeUnitTest {
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenAClass_whenCheckWithPrimitiveTypeUtil_thenShouldValidate() {
+ assertTrue(PrimitiveTypeUtil.isPrimitiveType(false));
+ assertTrue(PrimitiveTypeUtil.isPrimitiveType(1L));
+ assertFalse(PrimitiveTypeUtil.isPrimitiveType(StringUtils.EMPTY));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenAClass_whenCheckWithCommonsLang_thenShouldValidate() {
+ assertTrue(ClassUtils.isPrimitiveOrWrapper(Boolean.FALSE.getClass()));
+ assertTrue(ClassUtils.isPrimitiveOrWrapper(boolean.class));
+ assertFalse(ClassUtils.isPrimitiveOrWrapper(StringUtils.EMPTY.getClass()));
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void givenAClass_whenCheckWithGuava_thenShouldValidate() {
+ assertTrue(Primitives.isWrapperType(Boolean.FALSE.getClass()));
+ assertFalse(Primitives.isWrapperType(StringUtils.EMPTY.getClass()));
+ assertFalse(Primitives.isWrapperType(Boolean.TYPE.getClass()));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/comparable/Player.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/comparable/Player.java
index 68a78980f3..74d9a7577e 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/comparable/Player.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/comparable/Player.java
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public class Player implements Comparable {
@Override
public int compareTo(Player otherPlayer) {
- return (this.getRanking() - otherPlayer.getRanking());
+ return Integer.compare(getRanking(), otherPlayer.getRanking());
}
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/comparator/PlayerAgeComparator.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/comparator/PlayerAgeComparator.java
index d2e7ca1f42..56e2163f3c 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/comparator/PlayerAgeComparator.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/comparator/PlayerAgeComparator.java
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ public class PlayerAgeComparator implements Comparator {
@Override
public int compare(Player firstPlayer, Player secondPlayer) {
- return (firstPlayer.getAge() - secondPlayer.getAge());
+ return Integer.compare(firstPlayer.getAge(), secondPlayer.getAge());
}
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/comparator/PlayerRankingComparator.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/comparator/PlayerRankingComparator.java
index 2d42698843..56aa38d11a 100644
--- a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/comparator/PlayerRankingComparator.java
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/comparator/PlayerRankingComparator.java
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ public class PlayerRankingComparator implements Comparator {
@Override
public int compare(Player firstPlayer, Player secondPlayer) {
- return (firstPlayer.getRanking() - secondPlayer.getRanking());
+ return Integer.compare(firstPlayer.getRanking(), secondPlayer.getRanking());
}
}
diff --git a/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalize/CrashedFinalizable.java b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalize/CrashedFinalizable.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5ee27591b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core-java-modules/core-java-lang/src/main/java/com/baeldung/finalize/CrashedFinalizable.java
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.finalize;
+
+import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+
+public class CrashedFinalizable {
+ public static void main(String[] args) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
+ for (int i = 0; ; i++) {
+ new CrashedFinalizable();
+ if ((i % 1_000_000) == 0) {
+ Class finalizerClass = Class.forName("java.lang.ref.Finalizer");
+ Field queueStaticField = finalizerClass.getDeclaredField("queue");
+ queueStaticField.setAccessible(true);
+ ReferenceQueue