Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/JonCook/tutorials

core-java-modules/core-java-9/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+*.class
+
+#folders#
+/target
+/neoDb*
+/data
+/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes
+*/META-INF/*
+
+# Packaged files #
+*.jar
+*.war
+*.ear

core-java-modules/core-java-9/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+## Core Java 9
+
+This module contains articles about Java 9 core features
+
+### Relevant Articles:
+
+- [Java 9 New Features](https://www.baeldung.com/new-java-9)
+- [New Stream Collectors in Java 9](http://www.baeldung.com/java9-stream-collectors)
+- [Introduction to Project Jigsaw](http://www.baeldung.com/project-jigsaw-java-modularity)
+- [Java 9 Variable Handles Demystified](http://www.baeldung.com/java-variable-handles)
+- [Exploring the New HTTP Client in Java 9 and 11](http://www.baeldung.com/java-9-http-client)
+- [Method Handles in Java](http://www.baeldung.com/java-method-handles)
+- [Introduction to Chronicle Queue](http://www.baeldung.com/java-chronicle-queue)
+- [Optional orElse Optional](http://www.baeldung.com/java-optional-or-else-optional)
+- [Iterate Through a Range of Dates in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-iterate-date-range)
+- [Initialize a HashMap in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-initialize-hashmap)
+- [Immutable Set in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-immutable-set)
+- [Multi-Release Jar Files](https://www.baeldung.com/java-multi-release-jar)
+- [Ahead of Time Compilation (AoT)](https://www.baeldung.com/ahead-of-time-compilation)
+- [Java 9 Process API Improvements](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-process-api)
+- [Java 9 java.util.Objects Additions](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-objects-new)
+- [Java 9 Reactive Streams](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-reactive-streams)
+- [Java 9 Optional API Additions](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-optional)
+- [Java 9 CompletableFuture API Improvements](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-completablefuture)
+- [Introduction to Java 9 StackWalking API](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-stackwalking-api)
+- [Java 9 Convenience Factory Methods for Collections](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-collections-factory-methods)
+- [Java 9 Stream API Improvements](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-stream-api)
+- [A Guide to Java 9 Modularity](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-modularity)
+- [Java 9 java.lang.Module API](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-module-api)
+- [Java 9 Platform Logging API](https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-logging-api)
+- [Filtering a Stream of Optionals in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-filter-stream-of-optional)

core-java-modules/core-java-9/compile-aot.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+cd src/main/java
+javac com/baeldung/java9/aot/JaotCompilation.java
+jaotc --output jaotCompilation.so com/baeldung/java9/aot/JaotCompilation.class
+

core-java-modules/core-java-9/compile-httpclient.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+javac --module-path mods -d mods/com.baeldung.httpclient^
+ src/modules/com.baeldung.httpclient/module-info.java^
+ src/modules/com.baeldung.httpclient/com/baeldung/httpclient/HttpClientExample.java

core-java-modules/core-java-9/compile-modules.sh

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+javac -d mods --module-source-path src/modules $(find src/modules -name "*.java")

core-java-modules/core-java-9/compile-simple-modules.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+javac -d outDir --module-source-path src/simple-modules $(find src/simple-modules -name "*.java")

core-java-modules/core-java-9/compile-student-client.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+javac --module-path mods -d mods/com.baeldung.student.client^
+ src/modules/com.baeldung.student.client/module-info.java^
+ src/modules/com.baeldung.student.client/com/baeldung/student/client/StudentClient.java

core-java-modules/core-java-9/compile-student-model.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+javac -d mods/com.baeldung.student.model src/modules/com.baeldung.student.model/module-info.java^
+	src/modules/com.baeldung.student.model/com/baeldung/student/model/Student.java

core-java-modules/core-java-9/compile-student-service-dbimpl.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+javac --module-path mods -d mods/com.baeldung.student.service.dbimpl^
+ src/modules/com.baeldung.student.service.dbimpl/module-info.java^
+ src/modules/com.baeldung.student.service.dbimpl/com/baeldung/student/service/dbimpl/StudentDbService.java

core-java-modules/core-java-9/compile-student-service.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+javac --module-path mods -d mods/com.baeldung.student.service^
+ src/modules/com.baeldung.student.service/module-info.java^
+ src/modules/com.baeldung.student.service/com/baeldung/student/service/StudentService.java

core-java-modules/core-java-9/logging.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# compile logging  module
+# javac --module-path mods -d mods/com.baeldung.logging src/modules/com.baeldung.logging/module-info.java src/modules/com.baeldung.logging/com/baeldung/logging/*.java
+
+# compile logging slf4j module
+javac --module-path mods -d mods/com.baeldung.logging.slf4j src/modules/com.baeldung.logging.slf4j/module-info.java src/modules/com.baeldung.logging.slf4j/com/baeldung/logging/slf4j/*.java
+
+
+# compile logging main app module
+javac --module-path mods -d mods/com.baeldung.logging.app src/modules/com.baeldung.logging.app/module-info.java src/modules/com.baeldung.logging.app/com/baeldung/logging/app/*.java
+
+# run logging main app
+# java --module-path mods -m com.baeldung.logging.app/com.baeldung.logging.app.MainApp
+
+# run looging main app using logback
+java --module-path mods -Dlogback.configurationFile=mods/logback.xml -m com.baeldung.logging.app/com.baeldung.logging.app.MainApp

core-java-modules/core-java-9/mods/logback.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<configuration>
+
+    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
+        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
+            <pattern>
+                %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} -- %msg%n
+            </pattern>
+        </encoder>
+    </appender>
+
+    <root>
+        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
+    </root>
+
+</configuration>

core-java-modules/core-java-9/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>core-java-9</artifactId>
+    <version>0.2-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <name>core-java-9</name>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <relativePath>../../</relativePath>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.jayway.awaitility</groupId>
+            <artifactId>awaitility</artifactId>
+            <version>${awaitility.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${assertj.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
+            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
+            <version>${guava.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-platform-runner</artifactId>
+            <version>${junit.platform.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <finalName>core-java-9</finalName>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${maven-compiler-plugin.version}</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
+                    <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+    <pluginRepositories>
+        <pluginRepository>
+            <id>apache.snapshots</id>
+            <url>http://repository.apache.org/snapshots/</url>
+        </pluginRepository>
+    </pluginRepositories>
+
+    <properties>
+        <!-- testing -->
+        <assertj.version>3.10.0</assertj.version>
+        <junit.platform.version>1.2.0</junit.platform.version>
+        <awaitility.version>1.7.0</awaitility.version>
+        <maven.compiler.source>1.9</maven.compiler.source>
+        <maven.compiler.target>1.9</maven.compiler.target>
+        <guava.version>25.1-jre</guava.version>
+    </properties>
+
+</project>

core-java-modules/core-java-9/run-aot.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+cd src/main/java
+java -XX:AOTLibrary=./jaotCompilation.so com/baeldung/java9/aot/JaotCompilation

core-java-modules/core-java-9/run-httpclient.bat

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+java --module-path mods -m com.baeldung.httpclient/com.baeldung.httpclient.HttpClientExample

core-java-modules/core-java-9/run-simple-module-app.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+java --module-path outDir -m main.app/com.baeldung.modules.main.MainApp

core-java-modules/core-java-9/run-student-client.bat

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+java --module-path mods -m com.baeldung.student.client/com.baeldung.student.client.StudentClient

core-java-modules/core-java-9/run-student-client.sh

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+java --module-path mods -m com.baeldung.student.client/com.baeldung.student.client.StudentClient

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+*.class
+
+#folders#
+/target
+/neoDb*
+/data
+/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes
+*/META-INF/*
+
+# Packaged files #
+*.jar
+*.war
+*.ear

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/aot/JaotCompilation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.aot;
+
+public class JaotCompilation {
+
+    public static void main(String[] argv) {
+        System.out.println(message());
+    }
+
+    public static String message() {
+        return "The JAOT compiler says 'Hello'";
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/language/PrivateInterface.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.language;
+
+public interface PrivateInterface {
+
+    private static String staticPrivate() {
+        return "static private";
+    }
+
+    private String instancePrivate() {
+        return "instance private";
+    }
+
+    public default void check() {
+        String result = staticPrivate();
+        if (!result.equals("static private"))
+            throw new AssertionError("Incorrect result for static private interface method");
+        PrivateInterface pvt = new PrivateInterface() {
+        };
+        result = pvt.instancePrivate();
+        if (!result.equals("instance private"))
+            throw new AssertionError("Incorrect result for instance private interface method");
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/language/stream/StreamsGroupingCollectionFilter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.language.stream;
+
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.filtering;
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.groupingBy;
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+public class StreamsGroupingCollectionFilter {
+
+    static public Map<Integer, List<Integer>> findEvenNumbersAfterGroupingByQuantityOfDigits(Collection<Integer> baseCollection) {
+        Function<Integer, Integer> getQuantityOfDigits = item -> (int) Math.log10(item) + 1;
+
+        return baseCollection.stream()
+            .collect(groupingBy(getQuantityOfDigits, filtering(item -> item % 2 == 0, toList())));
+    }
+
+    static public Map<Integer, List<Integer>> findEvenNumbersBeforeGroupingByQuantityOfDigits(Collection<Integer> baseCollection) {
+
+        return baseCollection.stream()
+            .filter(item -> item % 2 == 0)
+            .collect(groupingBy(item -> (int) Math.log10(item) + 1, toList()));
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/maps/initialize/MapsInitializer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.maps.initialize;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class MapsInitializer {
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    public void createMapWithMapOf() {
+        Map<String, String> emptyMap = Map.of();
+        Map<String, String> singletonMap = Map.of("key1", "value");
+        Map<String, String> map = Map.of("key1","value1", "key2", "value2");
+    }
+    
+    public void createMapWithMapEntries() {
+        Map<String, String> map = Map.ofEntries(
+            new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<String, String>("name", "John"),
+            new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<String, String>("city", "budapest"),
+            new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<String, String>("zip", "000000"),
+            new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<String, String>("home", "1231231231")
+            );
+    }
+    
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    public void createMutableMaps() {
+        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String> (Map.of("key1","value1", "key2", "value2"));
+        Map<String, String> map2 = new HashMap<String, String> ( Map.ofEntries(
+            new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<String, String>("name", "John"),
+            new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<String, String>("city", "budapest")));
+        
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/methodhandles/Book.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.methodhandles;
+
+public class Book {
+
+    String id;
+    String title;
+
+    public Book(String id, String title) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.title = title;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private String formatBook() {
+        return id + " > " + title;
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/rangedates/DatesCollectionIteration.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.rangedates;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+public class DatesCollectionIteration {
+
+    public void iteratingRangeOfDatesJava7(Collection<Date> dates) {
+
+        for (Date date : dates) {
+            processDate(date);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void iteratingRangeOfDatesJava8(Collection<Date> dates) {
+        dates.stream()
+            .forEach(this::processDate);
+    }
+
+    private void processDate(Date date) {
+        System.out.println(date);
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/rangedates/RangeDatesIteration.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.rangedates;
+
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+public class RangeDatesIteration {
+
+    public void iterateBetweenDatesJava9(LocalDate startDate, LocalDate endDate) {
+
+        startDate.datesUntil(endDate)
+            .forEach(this::processDate);
+    }
+
+    public void iterateBetweenDatesJava8(LocalDate start, LocalDate end) {
+        for (LocalDate date = start; date.isBefore(end); date = date.plusDays(1)) {
+            processDate(date);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void iterateBetweenDatesJava7(Date start, Date end) {
+        Date current = start;
+
+        while (current.before(end)) {
+            processDate(current);
+
+            Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
+            calendar.setTime(current);
+
+            calendar.add(Calendar.DATE, 1);
+
+            current = calendar.getTime();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void processDate(LocalDate date) {
+        System.out.println(date);
+    }
+
+    private void processDate(Date date) {
+        System.out.println(date);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/reactive/BaeldungBatchSubscriberImpl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.reactive;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.Flow.Subscriber;
+import java.util.concurrent.Flow.Subscription;
+
+public class BaeldungBatchSubscriberImpl<T> implements Subscriber<String> {
+    private Subscription subscription;
+    private boolean completed = false;
+    private int counter;
+    private ArrayList<String> buffer;
+    public static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 5;
+
+    public BaeldungBatchSubscriberImpl() {
+        buffer = new ArrayList<String>();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isCompleted() {
+        return completed;
+    }
+
+    public void setCompleted(boolean completed) {
+        this.completed = completed;
+    }
+
+    public int getCounter() {
+        return counter;
+    }
+
+    public void setCounter(int counter) {
+        this.counter = counter;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onSubscribe(Subscription subscription) {
+        this.subscription = subscription;
+        subscription.request(BUFFER_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onNext(String item) {
+        buffer.add(item);
+        // if buffer is full, process the items.
+        if (buffer.size() >= BUFFER_SIZE) {
+            processBuffer();
+        }
+        //request more items.
+        subscription.request(1);
+    }
+
+    private void processBuffer() {
+        if (buffer.isEmpty())
+            return;
+        // Process all items in the buffer. Here, we just print it and sleep for 1 second.
+        System.out.print("Processed items: ");
+        buffer.stream()
+            .forEach(item -> {
+                System.out.print(" " + item);
+            });
+        System.out.println();
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(1000);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        counter = counter + buffer.size();
+        buffer.clear();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onError(Throwable t) {
+        t.printStackTrace();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onComplete() {
+        completed = true;
+        // process any remaining items in buffer before
+        processBuffer();
+        subscription.cancel();
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/reactive/BaeldungSubscriberImpl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.reactive;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Flow.Subscriber;
+import java.util.concurrent.Flow.Subscription;
+
+public class BaeldungSubscriberImpl<T> implements Subscriber<String> {
+    private Subscription subscription;
+    private boolean completed = false;
+    private int counter;
+
+    public boolean isCompleted() {
+        return completed;
+    }
+
+    public void setCompleted(boolean completed) {
+        this.completed = completed;
+    }
+
+    public int getCounter() {
+        return counter;
+    }
+
+    public void setCounter(int counter) {
+        this.counter = counter;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onSubscribe(Subscription subscription) {
+        this.subscription = subscription;
+        subscription.request(1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onNext(String item) {
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(1000);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        counter++;
+        System.out.println("Processed item : " + item);
+        subscription.request(1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onError(Throwable t) {
+        t.printStackTrace();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onComplete() {
+        completed = true;
+        subscription.cancel();
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/set/UnmodifiableSet.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.set;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public class UnmodifiableSet {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+
+        Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
+        set.add("Canada");
+        set.add("USA");
+
+        coreJDK(set);
+        guavaOf();
+        copyOf(set);
+        java9Of();
+    }
+
+    private static void java9Of() {
+        Set<String> immutable = Set.of("Canada", "USA");
+        System.out.println(immutable);
+    }
+
+    private static void guavaOf() {
+        Set<String> immutable = ImmutableSet.of("Canada", "USA");
+        System.out.println(immutable);
+    }
+
+    private static void copyOf(Set<String> set) {
+        Set<String> immutable = ImmutableSet.copyOf(set);
+        set.add("Costa Rica");
+        System.out.println(immutable);
+    }
+
+    private static void coreJDK(Set<String> set) {
+        Set<String> unmodifiableSet = Collections.unmodifiableSet(set);
+        set.add("Costa Rica");
+        System.out.println(unmodifiableSet);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/stackwalker/StackWalkerDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.stackwalker;
+
+import java.lang.StackWalker.StackFrame;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+public class StackWalkerDemo {
+
+    public void methodOne() {
+        this.methodTwo();
+    }
+
+    public void methodTwo() {
+        this.methodThree();
+    }
+
+    public void methodThree() {
+        List<StackFrame> stackTrace = StackWalker.getInstance()
+            .walk(this::walkExample);
+
+        printStackTrace(stackTrace);
+
+        System.out.println("---------------------------------------------");
+
+        stackTrace = StackWalker.getInstance()
+            .walk(this::walkExample2);
+
+        printStackTrace(stackTrace);
+
+        System.out.println("---------------------------------------------");
+
+        String line = StackWalker.getInstance().walk(this::walkExample3);
+        System.out.println(line);
+
+        System.out.println("---------------------------------------------");
+        
+        stackTrace = StackWalker.getInstance(StackWalker.Option.SHOW_REFLECT_FRAMES)
+            .walk(this::walkExample);
+
+        printStackTrace(stackTrace);
+        
+        System.out.println("---------------------------------------------");
+        
+        Runnable r = () -> {
+            List<StackFrame> stackTrace2 = StackWalker.getInstance(StackWalker.Option.SHOW_HIDDEN_FRAMES)
+                .walk(this::walkExample);
+            printStackTrace(stackTrace2);
+        };
+        r.run();
+    }
+
+    public List<StackFrame> walkExample(Stream<StackFrame> stackFrameStream) {
+        return stackFrameStream.collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    public List<StackFrame> walkExample2(Stream<StackFrame> stackFrameStream) {
+        return stackFrameStream.filter(frame -> frame.getClassName()
+            .contains("com.baeldung"))
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    public String walkExample3(Stream<StackFrame> stackFrameStream) {
+        return stackFrameStream.filter(frame -> frame.getClassName()
+            .contains("com.baeldung")
+            && frame.getClassName()
+            .endsWith("Test"))
+            .findFirst()
+            .map(frame -> frame.getClassName() + "#" + frame.getMethodName() + ", Line " + frame.getLineNumber())
+            .orElse("Unknown caller");
+    }
+    
+    public void findCaller() {
+        Class<?> caller = StackWalker.getInstance(StackWalker.Option.RETAIN_CLASS_REFERENCE).getCallerClass();
+        System.out.println(caller.getCanonicalName());
+    }
+
+    public void printStackTrace(List<StackFrame> stackTrace) {
+        for (StackFrame stackFrame : stackTrace) {
+            System.out.println(stackFrame.getClassName()
+                .toString() + "#" + stackFrame.getMethodName() + ", Line " + stackFrame.getLineNumber());
+        }
+    }
+}