[maven-release-plugin] prepare release STRUTS_6_1_2

Upgrades commons-fileupload to ver. 1.5 and sets default limit to 256 files

.asf.yaml

@@ -3,33 +3,14 @@ notifications:
   commits: commits@struts.apache.org
   # Send all issue emails (new, closed, comments) to issues@
   issues: issues@struts.apache.org
-  # Send new/closed PR notifications to commits@
-  pullrequests_status: notifications@struts.apache.org
+  # Send new/closed PR notifications to dev@
+  pullrequests_status: dev@struts.apache.org
   # Send individual PR comments/reviews to issues@
-  pullrequests_comment: notifications@struts.apache.org
+  pullrequests_comment: issues@struts.apache.org
   # Link opened PRs with JIRA
   jira_options: link label worklog
 
 github:
   del_branch_on_merge: true
   protected_branches:
-    main:
-      # contexts are the names of checks that must pass.
-      contexts:
-        - build
-      required_pull_request_reviews:
-        # it does not work because our github teams are private/secret, see INFRA-25666
-        require_code_owner_reviews: false
-        required_approving_review_count: 0
-    release/*:
-      # contexts are the names of checks that must pass.
-      contexts:
-        - build
-      required_pull_request_reviews:
-        # it does not work because our github teams are private/secret, see INFRA-25666
-        require_code_owner_reviews: false
-        required_approving_review_count: 0
-  autolink_jira:
-    - WW
-  dependabot_alerts:  true
-  dependabot_updates: true
+    master: { }

.gitattributes

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# Set the default behavior, in case people don't have core.autocrlf set.
-* text=auto
-*.bat eol=crlf
-*.cmd eol=crlf
-*.sh eol=lf

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-version: 2
-updates:
-  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
-    directory: "/"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"
-  - package-ecosystem: "maven"
-    directory: "/"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -17,19 +17,9 @@ name: "CodeQL"
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches:
-      - 'main'
-      - 'release/*'
+    branches: [ "master" ]
   pull_request:
 
-permissions:
-  # Needed to upload the results to code-scanning dashboard.
-  security-events: write
-  actions: read
-  contents: read
-  # Needed to access OIDC token.
-  id-token: write
-
 jobs:
   analyze:
     name: Analyze
@@ -44,20 +34,14 @@ jobs:
         language: [ 'java' ]
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Setup Java JDK
-      uses: actions/setup-java@v4
-      with:
-        distribution: temurin
-        java-version: 17
-        cache: 'maven'
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3.27.7
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
       with:
-        languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
+        languages: ${{ matrix.language }}        
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3.27.7
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3.27.7
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
       with:
         category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.github/workflows/maven.yml

@@ -13,16 +13,13 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-name: Java Maven
+name: Java Build
 
 on:
   pull_request:
   push:
     branches:
-      - 'main'
-      - 'release/*'
-
-permissions: read-all
+      - master
 
 env:
   MAVEN_OPTS: -Xmx2048m -Xms1024m
@@ -30,18 +27,31 @@ env:
 
 jobs:
   build:
-    name: Build and Test
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        java: [ '17', '21' ]
+        java: [ '8', '11', '17' ]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3.0.2
+      - name: Set up cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v3.0.8
         with:
-          distribution: temurin
+          path: ~/.m2/repository
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
+      - name: Set up JDK ${{ matrix.java }}
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+        with:
+          distribution: adopt
           java-version: ${{ matrix.java }}
-          cache: 'maven'
       - name: Build with Maven on Java ${{ matrix.java }}
-        run: mvn -B -V -DskipAssembly verify --no-transfer-progress
+        if: matrix.java != '11'
+        run: mvn -B -V -DskipAssembly test --no-transfer-progress
+      - name: Code coverage on Java ${{ matrix.java }}
+        if: matrix.java == '11'
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SONAR_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SONARCLOUD_TOKEN }}
+        run: mvn -B -V -Pcoverage -DskipAssembly verify org.sonarsource.scanner.maven:sonar-maven-plugin:sonar --no-transfer-progress

.github/workflows/scorecards-analysis.yaml

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ on:
   schedule:
     - cron: "30 1 * * 6"    # Weekly on Saturdays
   push:
-    branches:
-      - "main"
+    branches: [ "master" ]
 
 permissions: read-all
 
@@ -41,12 +40,12 @@ jobs:
     steps:
 
       - name: "Checkout code"
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4   # 3.1.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8   # 3.1.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: "Run analysis"
-        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@62b2cac7ed8198b15735ed49ab1e5cf35480ba46    # 2.4.0
+        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@99c53751e09b9529366343771cc321ec74e9bd3d    # 2.0.6
         with:
           results_file: results.sarif
           results_format: sarif
@@ -58,13 +57,13 @@ jobs:
           publish_results: true
 
       - name: "Upload artifact"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b4b15b8c7c6ac21ea08fcf65892d2ee8f75cf882    # 4.4.3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@3cea5372237819ed00197afe530f5a7ea3e805c8    # 3.1.0
         with:
           name: SARIF file
           path: results.sarif
           retention-days: 5
 
       - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@89757925c7adddb19b7a2f28e3e1b27da88b7304    # 2.22.11
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@b398f525a5587552e573b247ac661067fafa920b    # 2.1.22
         with:
           sarif_file: results.sarif

.github/workflows/sonar.yml

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-name: SonarCloud
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - 'main'
-
-permissions: read-all
-
-env:
-  MAVEN_OPTS: -Xmx2048m -Xms1024m
-  LANG: en_US.utf8
-
-jobs:
-  sonarcloud:
-    name: Scan
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: ${{ !github.event.pull_request.base.repo.fork && !github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]' }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
-        with:
-          distribution: temurin
-          java-version: 21
-          cache: 'maven'
-      - env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          SONAR_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SONARCLOUD_TOKEN }}
-          MAIN_BRANCH: ${{ github.ref || github.base_ref || github.ref || github.base_ref }}
-        if: ${{ github.ref == 'main' || github.base_ref == 'main' }}
-        run: ./mvnw -B verify org.sonarsource.scanner.maven:sonar-maven-plugin:sonar -Dsonar.branch.name=${{ env.MAIN_BRANCH }} -Pcoverage -DskipAssembly

.mvn/wrapper/MavenWrapperDownloader.java

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2007-present the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+import java.net.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.channels.*;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+public class MavenWrapperDownloader {
+
+    private static final String WRAPPER_VERSION = "0.5.6";
+    /**
+     * Default URL to download the maven-wrapper.jar from, if no 'downloadUrl' is provided.
+     */
+    private static final String DEFAULT_DOWNLOAD_URL = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/io/takari/maven-wrapper/"
+        + WRAPPER_VERSION + "/maven-wrapper-" + WRAPPER_VERSION + ".jar";
+
+    /**
+     * Path to the maven-wrapper.properties file, which might contain a downloadUrl property to
+     * use instead of the default one.
+     */
+    private static final String MAVEN_WRAPPER_PROPERTIES_PATH =
+            ".mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties";
+
+    /**
+     * Path where the maven-wrapper.jar will be saved to.
+     */
+    private static final String MAVEN_WRAPPER_JAR_PATH =
+            ".mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.jar";
+
+    /**
+     * Name of the property which should be used to override the default download url for the wrapper.
+     */
+    private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_WRAPPER_URL = "wrapperUrl";
+
+    public static void main(String args[]) {
+        System.out.println("- Downloader started");
+        File baseDirectory = new File(args[0]);
+        System.out.println("- Using base directory: " + baseDirectory.getAbsolutePath());
+
+        // If the maven-wrapper.properties exists, read it and check if it contains a custom
+        // wrapperUrl parameter.
+        File mavenWrapperPropertyFile = new File(baseDirectory, MAVEN_WRAPPER_PROPERTIES_PATH);
+        String url = DEFAULT_DOWNLOAD_URL;
+        if(mavenWrapperPropertyFile.exists()) {
+            FileInputStream mavenWrapperPropertyFileInputStream = null;
+            try {
+                mavenWrapperPropertyFileInputStream = new FileInputStream(mavenWrapperPropertyFile);
+                Properties mavenWrapperProperties = new Properties();
+                mavenWrapperProperties.load(mavenWrapperPropertyFileInputStream);
+                url = mavenWrapperProperties.getProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_WRAPPER_URL, url);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                System.out.println("- ERROR loading '" + MAVEN_WRAPPER_PROPERTIES_PATH + "'");
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    if(mavenWrapperPropertyFileInputStream != null) {
+                        mavenWrapperPropertyFileInputStream.close();
+                    }
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // Ignore ...
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        System.out.println("- Downloading from: " + url);
+
+        File outputFile = new File(baseDirectory.getAbsolutePath(), MAVEN_WRAPPER_JAR_PATH);
+        if(!outputFile.getParentFile().exists()) {
+            if(!outputFile.getParentFile().mkdirs()) {
+                System.out.println(
+                        "- ERROR creating output directory '" + outputFile.getParentFile().getAbsolutePath() + "'");
+            }
+        }
+        System.out.println("- Downloading to: " + outputFile.getAbsolutePath());
+        try {
+            downloadFileFromURL(url, outputFile);
+            System.out.println("Done");
+            System.exit(0);
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            System.out.println("- Error downloading");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            System.exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void downloadFileFromURL(String urlString, File destination) throws Exception {
+        if (System.getenv("MVNW_USERNAME") != null && System.getenv("MVNW_PASSWORD") != null) {
+            String username = System.getenv("MVNW_USERNAME");
+            char[] password = System.getenv("MVNW_PASSWORD").toCharArray();
+            Authenticator.setDefault(new Authenticator() {
+                @Override
+                protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
+                    return new PasswordAuthentication(username, password);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        URL website = new URL(urlString);
+        ReadableByteChannel rbc;
+        rbc = Channels.newChannel(website.openStream());
+        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(destination);
+        fos.getChannel().transferFrom(rbc, 0, Long.MAX_VALUE);
+        fos.close();
+        rbc.close();
+    }
+
+}

.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties

@@ -5,15 +5,14 @@
 # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 # with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
+# 
 #   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
+# 
 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 # software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 # "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 # KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 # specific language governing permissions and limitations
 # under the License.
-wrapperVersion=3.3.2
-distributionType=only-script
-distributionUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/apache-maven/3.9.9/apache-maven-3.9.9-bin.zip
+distributionUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/apache-maven/3.8.6/apache-maven-3.8.6-bin.zip
+wrapperUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/wrapper/maven-wrapper/3.1.0/maven-wrapper-3.1.0.jar

CODEOWNERS

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# Request PR review from any Apache Struts committer
-* @apache/struts-committers

Jenkinsfile

@@ -25,21 +25,26 @@ pipeline {
         }
       }
     }
-    stage('JDK 21') {
+    stage('JDK 17') {
       agent {
         label 'ubuntu'
       }
       tools {
-        jdk 'jdk_21_latest'
+        jdk 'jdk_17_latest'
         maven 'maven_3_latest'
       }
       environment {
         MAVEN_OPTS = "-Xmx1024m"
       }
       stages {
+        stage('Build') {
+          steps {
+            sh './mvnw -B clean install -DskipTests -DskipAssembly'
+          }
+        }
         stage('Test') {
           steps {
-            sh './mvnw -B -DskipAssembly verify'
+            sh './mvnw -B test'
           }
           post {
             always {
@@ -55,21 +60,21 @@ pipeline {
         }
       }
     }
-    stage('JDK 17') {
+    stage('JDK 11') {
       agent {
         label 'ubuntu'
       }
       tools {
-        jdk 'jdk_17_latest'
+        jdk 'jdk_11_latest'
         maven 'maven_3_latest'
       }
       environment {
-        MAVEN_OPTS = "-Xmx2048m"
+        MAVEN_OPTS = "-Xmx1024m"
       }
       stages {
-        stage('Install') {
+        stage('Build') {
           steps {
-            sh './mvnw -B install -DskipTests -DskipAssembly'
+            sh './mvnw -B clean install -DskipTests -DskipAssembly'
           }
         }
         stage('Test') {
@@ -83,11 +88,55 @@ pipeline {
             }
           }
         }
+        stage('Code Quality') {
+          when {
+            branch 'master'
+          }
+          steps {
+            withCredentials([string(credentialsId: 'asf-struts-sonarcloud', variable: 'SONARCLOUD_TOKEN')]) {
+              sh './mvnw -B -Pcoverage -DskipAssembly -Dsonar.login=${SONARCLOUD_TOKEN} verify org.sonarsource.scanner.maven:sonar-maven-plugin:sonar'
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      post {
+        always {
+          cleanWs deleteDirs: true, patterns: [[pattern: '**/target/**', type: 'INCLUDE']]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    stage('JDK 8') {
+      agent {
+        label 'ubuntu'
+      }
+      tools {
+        jdk 'jdk_1.8_latest'
+        maven 'maven_3_latest'
+      }
+      environment {
+        MAVEN_OPTS = "-Xmx1024m"
+      }
+      stages {
+        stage('Build') {
+          steps {
+            sh './mvnw -B clean install -DskipTests -DskipAssembly'
+          }
+        }
+        stage('Test') {
+          steps {
+            sh './mvnw -B test'
+            // step([$class: 'JiraIssueUpdater', issueSelector: [$class: 'DefaultIssueSelector'], scm: scm])
+          }
+          post {
+            always {
+              junit(testResults: '**/surefire-reports/*.xml', allowEmptyResults: true)
+              junit(testResults: '**/failsafe-reports/*.xml', allowEmptyResults: true)
+            }
+          }
+        }
         stage('Build Source & JavaDoc') {
           when {
-            anyOf {
-              branch 'main'
-            }
+            branch 'master'
           }
           steps {
             dir("local-snapshots-dir/") {
@@ -98,9 +147,7 @@ pipeline {
         }
         stage('Deploy Snapshot') {
           when {
-            anyOf {
-              branch 'main'
-            }
+            branch 'master'
           }
           steps {
             withCredentials([file(credentialsId: 'lukaszlenart-repository-access-token', variable: 'CUSTOM_SETTINGS')]) {
@@ -110,9 +157,7 @@ pipeline {
         }
         stage('Upload nightlies') {
           when {
-            anyOf {
-              branch 'main'
-            }
+            branch 'master'
           }
           steps {
             sh './mvnw -B package -DskipTests'
@@ -123,7 +168,8 @@ pipeline {
                         sshTransfer(
                             remoteDirectory: '/struts/snapshot',
                             removePrefix: 'assembly/target/assembly/out',
-                            sourceFiles: 'assembly/target/assembly/out/struts-*.zip'
+                            sourceFiles: 'assembly/target/assembly/out/struts-*.zip',
+                            cleanRemote: true
                         )
                     ],
                     verbose: true
@@ -144,7 +190,7 @@ pipeline {
     failure {
       script {
         emailext(
-            to: "notifications@struts.apache.org",
+            to: "dev@struts.apache.org",
             recipientProviders: [[$class: 'DevelopersRecipientProvider']],
             from: "Mr. Jenkins <jenkins@builds.apache.org>",
             subject: "Jenkins job ${env.JOB_NAME}#${env.BUILD_NUMBER} failed",
@@ -167,7 +213,7 @@ Director of Continuous Integration
     unstable {
       script {
         emailext(
-            to: "notifications@struts.apache.org",
+            to: "dev@struts.apache.org",
             recipientProviders: [[$class: 'DevelopersRecipientProvider']],
             from: "Mr. Jenkins <jenkins@builds.apache.org>",
             subject: "Jenkins job ${env.JOB_NAME}#${env.BUILD_NUMBER} unstable",
@@ -190,7 +236,7 @@ Director of Continuous Integration
     fixed {
       script {
         emailext(
-            to: "notifications@struts.apache.org",
+            to: "dev@struts.apache.org",
             recipientProviders: [[$class: 'DevelopersRecipientProvider']],
             from: 'Mr. Jenkins <jenkins@builds.apache.org>',
             subject: "Jenkins job ${env.JOB_NAME}#${env.BUILD_NUMBER} back to normal",

README.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 The Apache Struts web framework
 -------------------------------
 
-[![Build Status](https://ci-builds.apache.org/buildStatus/icon?job=Struts%2FStruts+Core%2Fmain)](https://ci-builds.apache.org/job/Struts/job/Struts%20Core/job/main/)
+[![Jenkins Build](https://builds.apache.org/buildStatus/icon?job=Struts%2FStruts+Core%2Fmaster)](https://ci-builds.apache.org/job/Struts/job/Struts%20Core/job/master/)
 [![Java Build](https://github.com/apache/struts/actions/workflows/maven.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/apache/struts/actions/workflows/maven.yml)
 [![Maven Central](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/org.apache.struts/struts2-core/badge.svg)](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/org.apache.struts/struts2-core/)
 [![Javadocs](https://javadoc.io/badge/org.apache.struts/struts2-core.svg)](https://javadoc.io/doc/org.apache.struts/struts2-core)

SECURITY.md

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 
 ## Supported Versions
 
-Please visit the [Releases](https://struts.apache.org/releases.html#prior-releases) page to see full information about each version 
+Please vist the [Releases](https://struts.apache.org/releases.html#prior-releases) page to see full information about each version 
 and what potential vulnerability it can have:
 
 | Version | Supported          |
-|---------|--------------------|
-| 6.x     | :white_check_mark: |
-| 2.5.x   | :white_check_mark: |
+| ------- | ------------------ |
+| 6.0.0   | :white_check_mark: |
+| 2.5.30  | :white_check_mark: |
 
 ## Reporting New Security Issues with thr Apache Struts
 
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ All mail sent to this address that does not relate to security problems in the A
 ```
 
 Note that all networked servers are subject to denial of service attacks, and we cannot promise magic
-workarounds to generic problems (such as a client streaming lots of data to your server, or requesting
-the same URL repeatedly). In general, our philosophy is to avoid any attacks that can cause the server
+workarounds to generic problems (such as a client streaming lots of data to your server, or re-requesting
+the same URL repeatedly). In general our philosophy is to avoid any attacks which can cause the server
 to consume resources in a non-linear relationship to the size of inputs.
 
 The mailing address is: [security@struts.apache.org](mailto:security@struts.apache.org)

apps/pom.xml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
         <artifactId>struts2-parent</artifactId>
-        <version>7.0.0</version>
+        <version>6.1.2</version>
     </parent>
     <artifactId>struts2-apps</artifactId>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>

apps/rest-showcase/pom.xml

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
         <artifactId>struts2-apps</artifactId>
-        <version>7.0.0</version>
+        <version>6.1.2</version>
     </parent>
 
     <artifactId>struts2-rest-showcase</artifactId>
     <packaging>war</packaging>
-    <version>7.0.0</version>
+    <version>6.1.2</version>
     <name>Struts 2 Rest Showcase Webapp</name>
     <description>Struts 2 Rest Showcase Example</description>
 
@@ -56,10 +56,12 @@
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
             <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
             <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
         </dependency>
 
         <dependency>
@@ -76,8 +78,9 @@
         </dependency>
 
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.htmlunit</groupId>
+            <groupId>net.sourceforge.htmlunit</groupId>
             <artifactId>htmlunit</artifactId>
+            <version>2.39.0</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
 
@@ -107,7 +110,7 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
                 <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>11.0.18</version>
+                <version>9.4.46.v20220331</version>
                 <configuration>
                     <stopKey>CTRL+C</stopKey>
                     <stopPort>8999</stopPort>

apps/rest-showcase/src/main/java/org/demo/rest/example/OrdersController.java

@@ -18,30 +18,30 @@
  */
 package org.demo.rest.example;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ModelDriven;
-import org.apache.struts2.Validateable;
-import org.apache.struts2.ValidationAwareSupport;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
-import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
-import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Results;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
 import org.apache.struts2.rest.DefaultHttpHeaders;
 import org.apache.struts2.rest.HttpHeaders;
+import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Results;
+import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
 
-import java.util.Collection;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Validateable;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ValidationAwareSupport;
 
 @Results({
     @Result(name="success", type="redirectAction", params = {"actionName" , "orders"})
 })
-public class OrdersController extends ValidationAwareSupport implements ModelDriven<Object>, Validateable {
+public class OrdersController extends ValidationAwareSupport implements ModelDriven<Object>, Validateable{
 
     private static final Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(OrdersController.class);
 
     private Order model = new Order();
     private String id;
     private Collection<Order> list;
-    private final OrdersService ordersService = new OrdersService();
+    private OrdersService ordersService = new OrdersService();
 
     // GET /orders/1
     public HttpHeaders show() {
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public class OrdersController extends ValidationAwareSupport implements ModelDri
         return new DefaultHttpHeaders("index")
             .disableCaching();
     }
-
+    
     // GET /orders/1/edit
     public String edit() {
         return "edit";
@@ -101,15 +101,13 @@ public class OrdersController extends ValidationAwareSupport implements ModelDri
         }
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setId(String id) {
         if (id != null) {
             this.model = ordersService.get(id);
         }
         this.id = id;
     }
-
-    @Override
+    
     public Object getModel() {
         return (list != null ? list : model);
     }

apps/rest-showcase/src/main/java/org/demo/rest/example/OrdersService.java

@@ -18,14 +18,11 @@
  */
 package org.demo.rest.example;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.*;
 
 public class OrdersService {
 
-    private static final Map<String,Order> orders = new HashMap<>();
+    private static Map<String,Order> orders = new HashMap<String,Order>();
     private static int nextId = 6;
     static {
         orders.put("3", new Order("3", "Bob", 33));

apps/rest-showcase/src/main/resources/log4j2.xml

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
         </Console>
     </Appenders>
     <Loggers>
+        <Logger name="com.opensymphony.xwork2" level="info"/>
         <Logger name="org.apache.struts2" level="info"/>
         <Logger name="org.demo.rest" level="debug"/>
         <Root level="warn">

apps/rest-showcase/src/main/resources/struts.xml

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
  */
 -->
 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
-        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 6.0//EN"
-        "https://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-6.0.dtd">
+        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
+        "https://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
 
 
 <struts>

apps/rest-showcase/src/test/java/it/org/apache/struts2/rest/example/GetOrdersTest.java

@@ -18,41 +18,31 @@
  */
 package it.org.apache.struts2.rest.example;
 
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.WebTestCase;
 
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.assertTextNotPresent;
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.assertTextPresent;
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.beginAt;
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.getTestContext;
+public class GetOrdersTest extends WebTestCase {
 
-public class GetOrdersTest {
-
-    @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         getTestContext().setBaseUrl(ParameterUtils.getBaseUrl());
     }
 
-    @Test
+
     public void testGetOrders() {
         beginAt("/orders/3");
         assertTextPresent("Bob");
         assertTextNotPresent("Sarah");
     }
 
-    @Test
     public void testGetOrdersInHtml() {
         beginAt("/orders/3.xhtml");
         assertTextPresent("Bob");
     }
 
-    @Test
     public void testGetOrdersInXml() {
         beginAt("/orders/3.xml");
         assertTextPresent("<clientName>Bob");
     }
 
-    @Test
     public void testGetOrdersInJson() {
         beginAt("/orders/3.json");
         assertTextPresent("\"clientName\":\"Bob\"");

apps/rest-showcase/src/test/java/it/org/apache/struts2/rest/example/ListOrdersTest.java

@@ -18,21 +18,15 @@
  */
 package it.org.apache.struts2.rest.example;
 
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.WebTestCase;
 
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.assertTextPresent;
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.beginAt;
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.getTestContext;
+public class ListOrdersTest extends WebTestCase {
 
-public class ListOrdersTest {
-
-    @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         getTestContext().setBaseUrl(ParameterUtils.getBaseUrl());
     }
 
-    @Test
+
     public void testListOrders() {
         beginAt("/orders");
         assertTextPresent("Bob");
@@ -40,7 +34,6 @@ public class ListOrdersTest {
         assertTextPresent("Jim");
     }
 
-    @Test
     public void testListOrdersInHtml() {
         beginAt("/orders.xhtml");
         assertTextPresent("Bob");
@@ -48,7 +41,6 @@ public class ListOrdersTest {
         assertTextPresent("Jim");
     }
 
-    @Test
     public void testListOrdersInXml() {
         beginAt("/orders.xml");
         assertTextPresent("<clientName>Bob");
@@ -56,7 +48,6 @@ public class ListOrdersTest {
         assertTextPresent("<clientName>Jim");
     }
 
-    @Test
     public void testListOrdersInJson() {
         beginAt("/orders.json");
         assertTextPresent("\"clientName\":\"Bob\"");

apps/rest-showcase/src/test/java/it/org/apache/struts2/rest/example/PostOrderTest.java

@@ -18,37 +18,23 @@
  */
 package it.org.apache.struts2.rest.example;
 
+import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.FailingHttpStatusCodeException;
+import net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.WebTestCase;
 import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
 import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
 import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
-import org.htmlunit.FailingHttpStatusCodeException;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.assertLinkNotPresentWithText;
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.assertTextFieldEquals;
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.assertTextPresent;
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.beginAt;
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.getTestContext;
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.setTextField;
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.setWorkingForm;
-import static net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.JWebUnit.submit;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+public class PostOrderTest extends WebTestCase {
 
-public class PostOrderTest {
-
-    @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         getTestContext().setBaseUrl(ParameterUtils.getBaseUrl());
     }
 
-    @Test
+
     public void testPostOrder() {
         beginAt("/orders/new");
         setWorkingForm(0);
@@ -59,7 +45,6 @@ public class PostOrderTest {
         assertLinkNotPresentWithText("Back to Orders");
     }
 
-    @Test
     public void testPostOrderWithErrors() {
         beginAt("/orders/new");
         setWorkingForm(0);
@@ -73,7 +58,6 @@ public class PostOrderTest {
         assertTextFieldEquals("amount", "321");
     }
 
-    @Test
     public void testPostOrderInHtml() {
         beginAt("/orders/new.xhtml");
         setWorkingForm(0);
@@ -88,7 +72,6 @@ public class PostOrderTest {
         assertLinkNotPresentWithText("Back to Orders");
     }
 
-    @Test
     public void testPostOrderInXml() throws IOException {
         CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
         HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(ParameterUtils.getBaseUrl() + "/orders.xml");
@@ -102,7 +85,6 @@ public class PostOrderTest {
         client.close();
     }
 
-    @Test
     public void testPostOrderInXmlWithBadData() throws IOException {
         CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
         HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(ParameterUtils.getBaseUrl() + "/orders.xml");
@@ -116,7 +98,6 @@ public class PostOrderTest {
         client.close();
     }
 
-    @Test
     public void testPostOrderInJson() throws IOException {
         CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
         HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(ParameterUtils.getBaseUrl() + "/orders.json");
@@ -127,7 +108,6 @@ public class PostOrderTest {
         client.close();
     }
 
-    @Test
     public void testPostOrderInJsonWithBadData() throws IOException {
         CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
         HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(ParameterUtils.getBaseUrl() + "/orders.json");

apps/showcase/pom.xml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
         <artifactId>struts2-apps</artifactId>
-        <version>7.0.0</version>
+        <version>6.1.2</version>
     </parent>
 
     <artifactId>struts2-showcase</artifactId>
@@ -48,16 +48,32 @@
             <artifactId>struts2-config-browser-plugin</artifactId>
         </dependency>
 
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
+            <artifactId>struts2-sitemesh-plugin</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
             <artifactId>struts2-tiles-plugin</artifactId>
         </dependency>
 
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
+            <artifactId>struts2-dwr-plugin</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
             <artifactId>struts2-json-plugin</artifactId>
         </dependency>
 
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.tiles</groupId>
+            <artifactId>tiles-jsp</artifactId>
+            <scope>runtime</scope>
+        </dependency>
+
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
             <artifactId>struts2-convention-plugin</artifactId>
@@ -82,23 +98,10 @@
             <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
             <artifactId>struts2-velocity-plugin</artifactId>
         </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
-            <artifactId>struts2-velocity-tools-view-jakarta</artifactId>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
-            <artifactId>struts2-velocity-tools-jsp-jakarta</artifactId>
-        </dependency>
 
         <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
-            <artifactId>struts2-xslt-plugin</artifactId>
-        </dependency>
-
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
-            <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
+            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
+            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
             <scope>provided</scope>
         </dependency>
 
@@ -106,24 +109,35 @@
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
             <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
+            <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
             <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
             <artifactId>log4j-jcl</artifactId>
+            <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
             <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
+            <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
         </dependency>
 
         <dependency>
-           <groupId>org.sitemesh</groupId>
-           <artifactId>sitemesh</artifactId>
-           <version>3.2.1</version>
+            <groupId>opensymphony</groupId>
+            <artifactId>sitemesh</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.directwebremoting</groupId>
+            <artifactId>dwr</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
         </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
@@ -132,82 +146,28 @@
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
 
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
-            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+       <dependency>
+            <groupId>net.sourceforge.htmlunit</groupId>
+            <artifactId>htmlunit</artifactId>
+            <version>2.61.0</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
 
-       <dependency>
-           <groupId>org.htmlunit</groupId>
-           <artifactId>htmlunit</artifactId>
-           <scope>test</scope>
-       </dependency>
-
         <!-- BeanValidation Example -->
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
             <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
             <version>${hibernate-validator.version}</version>
-            <exclusions>
-                <exclusion>
-                    <groupId>jakarta.validation</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>jakarta.validation-api</artifactId>
-                </exclusion>
-            </exclusions>
         </dependency>
 
-        <!--
-         Nashorn (the built-in JDK javascript engine) was deprecated in JDK 11 and removed in JDK 15
-         As a result attempting to use @ScriptAssert on JDK 17 leads to the exception
-         See more details
-         https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78008950/resolve-org-hibernate-validator-spi-scripting-scriptevaluatornotfoundexception
-         -->
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
-            <artifactId>groovy-jsr223</artifactId>
-            <version>3.0.22</version>
-        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>
         <plugins>
-            <plugin>
-              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-              <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
-              <executions>
-                <execution>
-                  <?m2e ignore?>
-                  <id>copy-dependencies</id>
-                  <phase>package</phase>
-                  <goals>
-                    <goal>copy</goal>
-                  </goals>
-                  <configuration>
-                    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/extraclasspath</outputDirectory>
-                    <artifactItems>
-                      <artifactItem>
-                        <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
-                        <artifactId>struts2-velocity-tools-view-jakarta</artifactId>
-                        <destFileName>struts2-velocity-tools-view-jakarta.jar</destFileName>
-                      </artifactItem>
-                      <artifactItem>
-                        <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
-                        <artifactId>struts2-velocity-tools-jsp-jakarta</artifactId>
-                        <destFileName>struts2-velocity-tools-jsp-jakarta.jar</destFileName>
-                      </artifactItem>
-                    </artifactItems>
-                    <overWriteReleases>false</overWriteReleases>
-                    <overWriteSnapshots>false</overWriteSnapshots>
-                    <overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>
-                  </configuration>
-                </execution>
-              </executions>
-            </plugin>
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.5.1</version>
+                <version>3.0.0-M6</version>
                 <configuration>
                     <includes>
                         <include>it.org.apache.struts2.showcase.*Test</include>
@@ -234,7 +194,7 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
                 <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>11.0.18</version>
+                <version>9.4.46.v20220331</version>
                 <configuration>
                     <stopKey>CTRL+C</stopKey>
                     <stopPort>8999</stopPort>
@@ -247,15 +207,12 @@
                     <httpConnector>
                         <port>8090</port>
                     </httpConnector>
-                    <scan>10</scan>
-                    <webApp>
-                      <extraClasspath>
-                        ${project.build.directory}/extraclasspath/struts2-velocity-tools-view-jakarta.jar,
-                        ${project.build.directory}/extraclasspath/struts2-velocity-tools-jsp-jakarta
-                      </extraClasspath>
-                      <contextPath>/struts2-showcase</contextPath>
-                      <descriptor>${basedir}/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</descriptor>
-                    </webApp>
+                    <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
+                    <webAppSourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/webapp/</webAppSourceDirectory>
+                    <webAppConfig>
+                        <contextPath>/struts2-showcase</contextPath>
+                        <descriptor>${basedir}/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</descriptor>
+                    </webAppConfig>
                 </configuration>
                 <executions>
                     <execution>

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/DateAction.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.text.DateFormat;
 import java.util.Calendar;

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/DynamicTreeSelectAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 import org.apache.struts2.showcase.ajax.tree.Category;
 
 //START SNIPPET: treeExampleDynamicJavaSelected
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ public class DynamicTreeSelectAction extends ActionSupport {
 	private long nodeId;
 	private Category currentCategory;
 
-	@StrutsParameter
+
 	public void setNodeId(long nodeId) {
 		this.nodeId = nodeId;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
@@ -75,7 +74,6 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _favouriteCartoonCharactersKeys;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setFavouriteCartoonCharacters(List favouriteCartoonCharacters) {
 		_favouriteCartoonCharactersKeys = favouriteCartoonCharacters;
 	}
@@ -84,7 +82,6 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _notFavouriteCartoonCharactersKeys;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setNotFavouriteCartoonCharacters(List notFavouriteCartoonCharacters) {
 		_notFavouriteCartoonCharactersKeys = notFavouriteCartoonCharacters;
 	}
@@ -111,7 +108,6 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _favouriteCarsKeys;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setFavouriteCars(List favouriteCars) {
 		_favouriteCarsKeys = favouriteCars;
 	}
@@ -120,7 +116,6 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _notFavouriteCarsKeys;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setNotFavouriteCars(List notFavouriteCars) {
 		_notFavouriteCarsKeys = notFavouriteCars;
 	}
@@ -147,7 +142,6 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _favouriteMotorcyclesKeys;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setFavouriteMotorcycles(List favouriteMotorcycles) {
 		_favouriteMotorcyclesKeys = favouriteMotorcycles;
 	}
@@ -156,7 +150,6 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _notFavouriteMotorcyclesKeys;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setNotFavouriteMotorcycles(List notFavouriteMotorcycles) {
 		_notFavouriteMotorcyclesKeys = notFavouriteMotorcycles;
 	}
@@ -183,7 +176,6 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _favouriteCountriesKeys;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setFavouriteCountries(List favouriteCountries) {
 		_favouriteCountriesKeys = favouriteCountries;
 	}
@@ -192,7 +184,6 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _notFavouriteCountriesKeys;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setNotFavouriteCountries(List notFavouriteCountries) {
 		_notFavouriteCountriesKeys = notFavouriteCountries;
 	}
@@ -214,7 +205,6 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _favouriteSportsKeys;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setFavouriteSports(List favouriteSportsKeys) {
 		this._favouriteSportsKeys = favouriteSportsKeys;
 	}
@@ -223,7 +213,6 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _nonFavouriteSportsKeys;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setNonFavouriteSports(List notFavouriteSportsKeys) {
 		this._nonFavouriteSportsKeys = notFavouriteSportsKeys;
 	}
@@ -233,7 +222,6 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _prioritisedFavouriteCartoonCharacters;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setPrioritisedFavouriteCartoonCharacters(List prioritisedFavouriteCartoonCharacters) {
 		_prioritisedFavouriteCartoonCharacters = prioritisedFavouriteCartoonCharacters;
 	}
@@ -242,7 +230,6 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _prioritisedFavouriteCars;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setPrioritisedFavouriteCars(List prioritisedFavouriteCars) {
 		_prioritisedFavouriteCars = prioritisedFavouriteCars;
 	}
@@ -252,7 +239,6 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _prioritisedFavouriteCountries;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setPrioritisedFavouriteCountries(List prioritisedFavouriteCountries) {
 		_prioritisedFavouriteCountries = prioritisedFavouriteCountries;
 	}
@@ -278,13 +264,12 @@ public class LotsOfOptiontransferselectAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _favouriteCities;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setFavouriteCities(List favouriteCities) {
 		this._favouriteCities = favouriteCities;
 	}
 
 	// actions
-	@Override
+
 	public String input() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/LotsOfRichtexteditorAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 /**
  *
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ public class LotsOfRichtexteditorAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return this.description1;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setDescription1(String description1) {
 		this.description1 = description1;
 	}
@@ -47,7 +45,6 @@ public class LotsOfRichtexteditorAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return this.description2;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setDescription2(String description2) {
 		this.description2 = description2;
 	}
@@ -57,7 +54,6 @@ public class LotsOfRichtexteditorAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return this.description3;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setDescription3(String description3) {
 		this.description3 = description3;
 	}
@@ -67,12 +63,11 @@ public class LotsOfRichtexteditorAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return this.description4;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setDescription4(String description4) {
 		this.description4 = description4;
 	}
 
-	@Override
+
 	public String input() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/MoreSelectsAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
@@ -76,11 +75,11 @@ public class MoreSelectsAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return list;
 	}
 
+
 	public List getPrioritisedFavouriteCartoonCharacters() {
 		return _prioritisedFavouriteCartoonCharacters;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setPrioritisedFavouriteCartoonCharacters(List prioritisedFavouriteCartoonCharacters) {
 		_prioritisedFavouriteCartoonCharacters = prioritisedFavouriteCartoonCharacters;
 	}
@@ -89,16 +88,15 @@ public class MoreSelectsAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return _prioritisedFavouriteCars;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setPrioritisedFavouriteCars(List prioritisedFavouriteCars) {
 		_prioritisedFavouriteCars = prioritisedFavouriteCars;
 	}
 
+
 	public List getPrioritisedFavouriteCountries() {
 		return _prioritisedFavouriteCountries;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setPrioritisedFavouriteCountries(List prioritisedFavouriteCountries) {
 		_prioritisedFavouriteCountries = prioritisedFavouriteCountries;
 	}
@@ -107,7 +105,6 @@ public class MoreSelectsAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return favouriteNumbers;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setFavouriteNumbers(List favouriteNumbers) {
 		this.favouriteNumbers = favouriteNumbers;
 	}
@@ -132,13 +129,12 @@ public class MoreSelectsAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return favouriteCities;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setFavouriteCities(List favouriteCities) {
 		this.favouriteCities = favouriteCities;
 	}
 
 	// actions
-	@Override
+
 	public String input() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/ShowAjaxDynamicTreeAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 import org.apache.struts2.showcase.ajax.tree.Category;
 
 public class ShowAjaxDynamicTreeAction extends ActionSupport {
@@ -35,7 +34,6 @@ public class ShowAjaxDynamicTreeAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return nodeId;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setNodeId(int nodeId) {
 		this.nodeId = nodeId;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/ShowDynamicTreeAction.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 import org.apache.struts2.showcase.ajax.tree.Category;
 
 // START SNIPPET: treeExampleDynamicJavaShow

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/UITagExample.java

@@ -20,19 +20,13 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.Validateable;
-import org.apache.struts2.util.ValueStack;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Validateable;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack;
 import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
 
 import java.io.File;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.Date;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.*;
 
 /**
  */
@@ -95,7 +89,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return leftSideCartoonCharacters;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setLeftSideCartoonCharacters(List leftSideCartoonCharacters) {
 		this.leftSideCartoonCharacters = leftSideCartoonCharacters;
 	}
@@ -105,7 +98,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return rightSideCartoonCharacters;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setRightSideCartoonCharacters(List rightSideCartoonCharacters) {
 		this.rightSideCartoonCharacters = rightSideCartoonCharacters;
 	}
@@ -115,7 +107,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return favouriteVehicalType;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setFavouriteVehicalType(String favouriteVehicalType) {
 		this.favouriteVehicalType = favouriteVehicalType;
 	}
@@ -124,7 +115,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return favouriteVehicalSpecific;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setFavouriteVehicalSpecific(String favouriteVehicalSpecific) {
 		this.favouriteVehicalSpecific = favouriteVehicalSpecific;
 	}
@@ -155,7 +145,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return name;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setName(String name) {
 		this.name = name;
 	}
@@ -164,7 +153,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return birthday;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
 		this.birthday = birthday;
 	}
@@ -173,7 +161,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return bio;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setBio(String bio) {
 		this.bio = bio;
 	}
@@ -182,7 +169,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return favouriteColor;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setFavouriteColor(String favoriteColor) {
 		this.favouriteColor = favoriteColor;
 	}
@@ -191,7 +177,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return friends;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setFriends(List friends) {
 		this.friends = friends;
 	}
@@ -200,7 +185,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return bestFriend;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setBestFriend(String bestFriend) {
 		this.bestFriend = bestFriend;
 	}
@@ -209,7 +193,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return legalAge;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setLegalAge(boolean legalAge) {
 		this.legalAge = legalAge;
 	}
@@ -218,7 +201,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return state;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setState(String state) {
 		this.state = state;
 	}
@@ -227,12 +209,10 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return region;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setRegion(String region) {
 		this.region = region;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setPicture(File picture) {
 		this.picture = picture;
 	}
@@ -241,17 +221,14 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return this.picture;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setPictureContentType(String pictureContentType) {
 		this.pictureContentType = pictureContentType;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setPictureFileName(String pictureFileName) {
 		this.pictureFileName = pictureFileName;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setFavouriteLanguage(String favouriteLanguage) {
 		this.favouriteLanguage = favouriteLanguage;
 	}
@@ -260,7 +237,7 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return favouriteLanguage;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
+
 	public void setThoughts(String thoughts) {
 		this.thoughts = thoughts;
 	}
@@ -273,7 +250,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 		return wakeup;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setWakeup(Date wakeup) {
 		this.wakeup = wakeup;
 	}
@@ -327,7 +303,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 			return this.description;
 		}
 
-		@Override
 		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
 			if (!(obj instanceof VehicalType)) {
 				return false;
@@ -336,7 +311,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 			}
 		}
 
-		@Override
 		public int hashCode() {
 			return key.hashCode();
 		}
@@ -360,7 +334,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 			return this.description;
 		}
 
-		@Override
 		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
 			if (!(obj instanceof VehicalSpecific)) {
 				return false;
@@ -369,7 +342,6 @@ public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {
 			}
 		}
 
-		@Override
 		public int hashCode() {
 			return key.hashCode();
 		}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/action/AbstractCRUDAction.java

@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.action;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
 import org.apache.struts2.showcase.dao.Dao;
 import org.apache.struts2.showcase.model.IdEntity;
 
@@ -34,62 +33,62 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 
 public abstract class AbstractCRUDAction extends ActionSupport {
 
-    private static final Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(AbstractCRUDAction.class);
+	private static final Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(AbstractCRUDAction.class);
 
-    private Collection availableItems;
-    private String[] toDelete;
+	private Collection availableItems;
+	private String[] toDelete;
 
-    protected abstract Dao getDao();
+	protected abstract Dao getDao();
 
-    public Collection getAvailableItems() {
-        return availableItems;
-    }
 
-    public String[] getToDelete() {
-        return toDelete;
-    }
+	public Collection getAvailableItems() {
+		return availableItems;
+	}
 
-    @StrutsParameter
-    public void setToDelete(String[] toDelete) {
-        this.toDelete = toDelete;
-    }
+	public String[] getToDelete() {
+		return toDelete;
+	}
 
-    public String list() throws Exception {
-        this.availableItems = getDao().findAll();
-        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
-            log.debug("AbstractCRUDAction - [list]: " + (availableItems != null ? "" + availableItems.size() : "no") + " items found");
-        }
-        return execute();
-    }
+	public void setToDelete(String[] toDelete) {
+		this.toDelete = toDelete;
+	}
 
-    public String delete() throws Exception {
-        if (toDelete != null) {
-            int count = 0;
-            for (String s : toDelete) {
-                count = count + getDao().delete(s);
-            }
-            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
-                log.debug("AbstractCRUDAction - [delete]: {} items deleted.", count);
-            }
-        }
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
+	public String list() throws Exception {
+		this.availableItems = getDao().findAll();
+		if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+			log.debug("AbstractCRUDAction - [list]: " + (availableItems != null ? "" + availableItems.size() : "no") + " items found");
+		}
+		return execute();
+	}
 
-    /**
-     * Utility method for fetching already persistent object from storage for usage in params-prepare-params cycle.
-     *
-     * @param tryId     The id to try to get persistent object for
-     * @param tryObject The object, induced by first params invocation, possibly containing id to try to get persistent
-     *                  object for
-     * @return The persistent object, if found. <tt>null</tt> otherwise.
-     */
-    protected IdEntity fetch(Serializable tryId, IdEntity tryObject) {
-        IdEntity result = null;
-        if (tryId != null) {
-            result = getDao().get(tryId);
-        } else if (tryObject != null) {
-            result = getDao().get(tryObject.getId());
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
+	public String delete() throws Exception {
+		if (toDelete != null) {
+			int count = 0;
+			for (int i = 0, j = toDelete.length; i < j; i++) {
+				count = count + getDao().delete(toDelete[i]);
+			}
+			if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+				log.debug("AbstractCRUDAction - [delete]: " + count + " items deleted.");
+			}
+		}
+		return SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Utility method for fetching already persistent object from storage for usage in params-prepare-params cycle.
+	 *
+	 * @param tryId     The id to try to get persistent object for
+	 * @param tryObject The object, induced by first params invocation, possibly containing id to try to get persistent
+	 *                  object for
+	 * @return The persistent object, if found. <tt>null</tt> otherwise.
+	 */
+	protected IdEntity fetch(Serializable tryId, IdEntity tryObject) {
+		IdEntity result = null;
+		if (tryId != null) {
+			result = getDao().get(tryId);
+		} else if (tryObject != null) {
+			result = getDao().get(tryObject.getId());
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/action/EmployeeAction.java

@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.action;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.Preparable;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Preparable;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
 import org.apache.struts2.showcase.application.TestDataProvider;
 import org.apache.struts2.showcase.dao.Dao;
 import org.apache.struts2.showcase.dao.EmployeeDao;
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ public class EmployeeAction extends AbstractCRUDAction implements Preparable {
 
 	public String execute() throws Exception {
 		if (getCurrentEmployee() != null && getCurrentEmployee().getOtherSkills() != null) {
-			setSelectedSkills(new ArrayList<>());
+			setSelectedSkills(new ArrayList<String>());
 			Iterator it = getCurrentEmployee().getOtherSkills().iterator();
 			while (it.hasNext()) {
 				getSelectedSkills().add(((Skill) it.next()).getName());
@@ -74,12 +73,10 @@ public class EmployeeAction extends AbstractCRUDAction implements Preparable {
 		return empId;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setEmpId(Long empId) {
 		this.empId = empId;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter(depth = 2)
 	public Employee getCurrentEmployee() {
 		return currentEmployee;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/action/ExampleAction.java

@@ -18,13 +18,9 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.action;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Date;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.*;
 
 public class ExampleAction extends ActionSupport {
 	public static final String CONSTANT = "Struts Rocks!";
@@ -50,7 +46,7 @@ public class ExampleAction extends ActionSupport {
 	}
 
 	public Map<String, Book> getBooks() {
-		Map<String, Book> books = new HashMap<>();
+		Map<String, Book> books = new HashMap<String, Book>();
 		books.put("Iliad", new Book("Iliad", "Homer"));
 		books.put("The Republic", new Book("The Replublic", "Plato"));
 		books.put("Thus Spake Zarathustra", new Book("Thus Spake Zarathustra",
@@ -83,4 +79,4 @@ class Book {
 	public void setAuthor(String author) {
 		this.author = author;
 	}
-}
+}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/action/JSPEvalAction.java

@@ -18,16 +18,11 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.action;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.action.Action;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.annotations.After;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.After;
 import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
 
-import java.io.BufferedWriter;
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileOutputStream;
-import java.io.FileWriter;
-import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.*;
 import java.net.URL;
 
 /**
@@ -67,7 +62,6 @@ public class JSPEvalAction extends ExampleAction {
 		}
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setJsp(String jsp) {
 		this.jsp = jsp;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/action/ParamsAnnotationAction.java

@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
- * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
- * distributed with this work for additional information
- * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
- * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
- * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
- * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
- * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
- * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
- * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
- * specific language governing permissions and limitations
- * under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.struts2.showcase.action;
-
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
-import org.apache.struts2.showcase.model.MyDto;
-
-import java.lang.reflect.Field;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-
-import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
-import static java.util.Collections.singletonMap;
-
-/**
- * This class supports {@link com.atlassian.confluence.stateless.webdriver.selenium3.security.StrutsParametersTest}
- * which prevents critical security regressions. Do NOT modify without understanding the motivation behind the tests and
- * the implications of any changes.
- */
-public class ParamsAnnotationAction extends ActionSupport {
-
-    @StrutsParameter
-    public String varToPrint;
-
-    public String publicField = "no";
-
-    @StrutsParameter
-    public String publicFieldAnnotated = "no";
-
-    private String privateField = "no";
-
-    public int[] publicArray = new int[]{0};
-
-    @StrutsParameter(depth = 1)
-    public int[] publicArrayAnnotated = new int[]{0};
-
-    public List<String> publicList = new ArrayList<>(singletonList("no"));
-
-    @StrutsParameter(depth = 1)
-    public List<String> publicListAnnotated = new ArrayList<>(singletonList("no"));
-
-    private List<String> privateList = new ArrayList<>(singletonList("no"));
-
-    public Map<String, String> publicMap = new HashMap<>(singletonMap("key", "no"));
-
-    @StrutsParameter(depth = 1)
-    public Map<String, String> publicMapAnnotated = new HashMap<>(singletonMap("key", "no"));
-
-    public MyDto publicMyDto = new MyDto();
-
-    @StrutsParameter(depth = 2)
-    public MyDto publicMyDtoAnnotated = new MyDto();
-
-    @StrutsParameter(depth = 1)
-    public MyDto publicMyDtoAnnotatedDepthOne = new MyDto();
-
-    private MyDto privateMyDto = new MyDto();
-
-    public void setPrivateFieldMethod(String privateField) {
-        this.privateField = privateField;
-    }
-
-    @StrutsParameter
-    public void setPrivateFieldMethodAnnotated(String privateField) {
-        this.privateField = privateField;
-    }
-
-    public List<String> getPrivateListMethod() {
-        return privateList;
-    }
-
-    @StrutsParameter(depth = 1)
-    public List<String> getPrivateListMethodAnnotated() {
-        return privateList;
-    }
-
-    public MyDto getUnsafeMethodMyDto() {
-        return privateMyDto;
-    }
-
-    @StrutsParameter(depth = 2)
-    public MyDto getSafeMethodMyDto() {
-        return privateMyDto;
-    }
-
-    @StrutsParameter(depth = 1)
-    public MyDto getSafeMethodMyDtoDepthOne() {
-        return privateMyDto;
-    }
-
-    public String renderVarToPrint() throws ReflectiveOperationException {
-        if (varToPrint == null) {
-            return "null";
-        }
-        Field field = this.getClass().getDeclaredField(varToPrint);
-        field.setAccessible(true);
-        try {
-            return String.format("%s{%s}", varToPrint,
-                    field.getType().isArray() ? stringifyArray(field.get(this)) : field.get(this));
-        } finally {
-            field.setAccessible(false);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private String stringifyArray(Object array) {
-        switch (array.getClass().getComponentType().getName()) {
-            case "int":
-                return Arrays.toString((int[]) array);
-            default:
-                return "TODO";
-        }
-    }
-}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/action/SkillAction.java

@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.action;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.Preparable;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Preparable;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
 import org.apache.struts2.showcase.dao.Dao;
 import org.apache.struts2.showcase.dao.SkillDao;
 import org.apache.struts2.showcase.model.Skill;
@@ -46,7 +45,6 @@ public class SkillAction extends AbstractCRUDAction implements Preparable {
 	 *
 	 * @throws Exception thrown if a system level exception occurs.
 	 */
-	@Override
 	public void prepare() throws Exception {
 		Skill preFetched = (Skill) fetch(getSkillName(), getCurrentSkill());
 		if (preFetched != null) {
@@ -65,7 +63,6 @@ public class SkillAction extends AbstractCRUDAction implements Preparable {
 		return skillName;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setSkillName(String skillName) {
 		this.skillName = skillName;
 	}
@@ -74,7 +71,6 @@ public class SkillAction extends AbstractCRUDAction implements Preparable {
 		return skillDao;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter(depth = 1)
 	public Skill getCurrentSkill() {
 		return currentSkill;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/actionchaining/ActionChain1.java

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.actionchaining;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 public class ActionChain1 extends ActionSupport {
 
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@ public class ActionChain1 extends ActionSupport {
 
 	private String actionChain1Property1 = "Property Set In Action Chain 1";
 
-	@Override
 	public String input() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
@@ -36,7 +34,6 @@ public class ActionChain1 extends ActionSupport {
 		return actionChain1Property1;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setActionChain1Property1(String actionChain1Property1) {
 		this.actionChain1Property1 = actionChain1Property1;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/actionchaining/ActionChain2.java

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.actionchaining;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 public class ActionChain2 extends ActionSupport {
 
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ public class ActionChain2 extends ActionSupport {
 	private String actionChain1Property1;
 	private String actionChain2Property1 = "Property Set in Action Chain 2";
 
-	@Override
 	public String execute() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
@@ -37,16 +35,15 @@ public class ActionChain2 extends ActionSupport {
 		return actionChain1Property1;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setActionChain1Property1(String actionChain1Property1) {
 		this.actionChain1Property1 = actionChain1Property1;
 	}
 
+
 	public String getActionChain2Property1() {
 		return actionChain2Property1;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setActionChain2Property1(String actionChain2Property1) {
 		this.actionChain2Property1 = actionChain2Property1;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/actionchaining/ActionChain3.java

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.actionchaining;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 public class ActionChain3 extends ActionSupport {
 
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ public class ActionChain3 extends ActionSupport {
 	private String actionChain2Property1;
 	private String actionChain3Property1 = "Property set in Action Chain 3";
 
-	@Override
+
 	public String execute() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
@@ -38,25 +37,24 @@ public class ActionChain3 extends ActionSupport {
 		return actionChain1Property1;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setActionChain1Property1(String actionChain1Property1) {
 		this.actionChain1Property1 = actionChain1Property1;
 	}
 
+
 	public String getActionChain2Property1() {
 		return actionChain2Property1;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setActionChain2Property1(String actionChain2Property1) {
 		this.actionChain2Property1 = actionChain2Property1;
 	}
 
+
 	public String getActionChain3Property1() {
 		return actionChain3Property1;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setActionChain3Property1(String actionChain3Property1) {
 		this.actionChain3Property1 = actionChain3Property1;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/ajax/AjaxTestAction.java

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.ajax;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.action.Action;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
 
 import java.io.Serializable;
 
+
 public class AjaxTestAction implements Action, Serializable {
 
 	private static int counter = 0;
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ public class AjaxTestAction implements Action, Serializable {
 		return data;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setData(String data) {
 		this.data = data;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/ajax/AutocompleterExampleAction.java

@@ -20,19 +20,17 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.ajax;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
 public class AutocompleterExampleAction extends ActionSupport {
 	private String select;
-	private final List<String> options = new ArrayList<>();
+	private List<String> options = new ArrayList<String>();
 
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = -8481638176160014396L;
 
-	@Override
 	public String execute() throws Exception {
 		if ("fruits".equals(select)) {
 			options.add("apple");
@@ -51,7 +49,6 @@ public class AutocompleterExampleAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return select;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setSelect(String select) {
 		this.select = select;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/ajax/Example4ShowPanelAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.ajax;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
 import java.util.Date;
@@ -52,7 +51,6 @@ public class Example4ShowPanelAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return gender;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setGender(String gender) {
 		this.gender = gender;
 	}
@@ -61,7 +59,6 @@ public class Example4ShowPanelAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return name;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setName(String name) {
 		this.name = name;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/ajax/Example5Action.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.ajax;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 public class Example5Action extends ActionSupport {
 
@@ -38,7 +37,6 @@ public class Example5Action extends ActionSupport {
 		return name;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setName(String name) {
 		this.name = name;
 	}
@@ -47,7 +45,6 @@ public class Example5Action extends ActionSupport {
 		return age;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setAge(Integer age) {
 		this.age = age;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/ajax/tree/Category.java

@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ public class Category {
 						new Category(15, "Dojo"),
 						new Category(16, "Prototype"),
 						new Category(17, "Scriptaculous"),
-						new Category(18, "OpenRico")));
+						new Category(18, "OpenRico"),
+						new Category(19, "DWR")));
 	}
 
 	public static Category getById(long id) {

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/ajax/tree/GetCategory.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.ajax.tree;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 /**
  */
@@ -29,7 +28,6 @@ public class GetCategory extends ActionSupport {
 	private long catId;
 	private Category category;
 
-	@Override
 	public String execute() throws Exception {
 		if (catId < 1) {
 			// force the root
@@ -41,7 +39,6 @@ public class GetCategory extends ActionSupport {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setCatId(long catId) {
 		this.catId = catId;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/ajax/tree/Toggle.java

@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ package org.apache.struts2.showcase.ajax.tree;
 /**
  */
 public class Toggle extends GetCategory {
-
-	@Override
 	public String execute() throws Exception {
 		super.execute();
 

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/application/TestDataProvider.java

@@ -31,10 +31,9 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
-import java.io.Serial;
 import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Date;
-import java.util.List;
 
 /**
  * TestDataProvider.
@@ -42,76 +41,74 @@ import java.util.List;
 @Service
 public class TestDataProvider implements Serializable, InitializingBean {
 
-    @Serial
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-    private static final Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(TestDataProvider.class);
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+	private static final Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(TestDataProvider.class);
 
-    public static final String[] POSITIONS = {
-            "Developer",
-            "System Architect",
-            "Sales Manager",
-            "CEO"
-    };
+	public static final String[] POSITIONS = {
+			"Developer",
+			"System Architect",
+			"Sales Manager",
+			"CEO"
+	};
 
-    public static final String[] LEVELS = {
-            "Junior",
-            "Senior",
-            "Master"
-    };
+	public static final String[] LEVELS = {
+			"Junior",
+			"Senior",
+			"Master"
+	};
 
-    private static final Skill[] TEST_SKILLS = {
-            new Skill("WW-SEN", "Struts Senior Developer"),
-            new Skill("WW-JUN", "Struts Junior Developer"),
-            new Skill("SPRING-DEV", "Spring Developer")
-    };
+	private static final Skill[] TEST_SKILLS = {
+			new Skill("WW-SEN", "Struts Senior Developer"),
+			new Skill("WW-JUN", "Struts Junior Developer"),
+			new Skill("SPRING-DEV", "Spring Developer")
+	};
 
-    public static final Employee[] TEST_EMPLOYEES = {
-            new Employee(1L, "Alan", "Smithee", new Date(), 2000f, true, POSITIONS[0],
-                    TEST_SKILLS[0], null, "alan", LEVELS[0], "Nice guy"),
-            new Employee(2L, "Robert", "Robson", new Date(), 10000f, false, POSITIONS[1],
-                    TEST_SKILLS[1], List.of(TEST_SKILLS).subList(1, TEST_SKILLS.length), "rob", LEVELS[1], "Smart guy")
-    };
+	public static final Employee[] TEST_EMPLOYEES = {
+			new Employee(new Long(1), "Alan", "Smithee", new Date(), new Float(2000f), true, POSITIONS[0],
+					TEST_SKILLS[0], null, "alan", LEVELS[0], "Nice guy"),
+			new Employee(new Long(2), "Robert", "Robson", new Date(), new Float(10000f), false, POSITIONS[1],
+					TEST_SKILLS[1], Arrays.asList(TEST_SKILLS).subList(1, TEST_SKILLS.length), "rob", LEVELS[1], "Smart guy")
+	};
 
-    @Autowired
-    private SkillDao skillDao;
+	@Autowired
+	private SkillDao skillDao;
 
-    @Autowired
-    private EmployeeDao employeeDao;
+	@Autowired
+	private EmployeeDao employeeDao;
 
-    protected void addTestSkills() {
-        try {
-            for (Skill testSkill : TEST_SKILLS) {
-                skillDao.merge(testSkill);
-            }
-            if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
-                log.info("TestDataProvider - [addTestSkills]: Added test skill data.");
-            }
-        } catch (StorageException e) {
-            log.error("TestDataProvider - [addTestSkills]: Exception caught: {}", e.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
+	protected void addTestSkills() {
+		try {
+			for (int i = 0, j = TEST_SKILLS.length; i < j; i++) {
+				skillDao.merge(TEST_SKILLS[i]);
+			}
+			if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
+				log.info("TestDataProvider - [addTestSkills]: Added test skill data.");
+			}
+		} catch (StorageException e) {
+			log.error("TestDataProvider - [addTestSkills]: Exception catched: " + e.getMessage());
+		}
+	}
 
-    protected void addTestEmployees() {
-        try {
-            for (Employee testEmployee : TEST_EMPLOYEES) {
-                employeeDao.merge(testEmployee);
-            }
-            if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
-                log.info("TestDataProvider - [addTestEmployees]: Added test employee data.");
-            }
-        } catch (StorageException e) {
-            log.error("TestDataProvider - [addTestEmployees]: Exception caught: {}", e.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
+	protected void addTestEmployees() {
+		try {
+			for (int i = 0, j = TEST_EMPLOYEES.length; i < j; i++) {
+				employeeDao.merge(TEST_EMPLOYEES[i]);
+			}
+			if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
+				log.info("TestDataProvider - [addTestEmployees]: Added test employee data.");
+			}
+		} catch (StorageException e) {
+			log.error("TestDataProvider - [addTestEmployees]: Exception catched: " + e.getMessage());
+		}
+	}
 
-    protected void addTestData() {
-        addTestSkills();
-        addTestEmployees();
-    }
+	protected void addTestData() {
+		addTestSkills();
+		addTestEmployees();
+	}
 
-    @Override
-    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
-        addTestData();
-    }
+	public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
+		addTestData();
+	}
 
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/async/AsyncFilter.java

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.async;
 
-import jakarta.servlet.Filter;
-import jakarta.servlet.FilterChain;
-import jakarta.servlet.FilterConfig;
-import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
-import jakarta.servlet.ServletRequest;
-import jakarta.servlet.ServletResponse;
-import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.Filter;
+import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
+import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
 /**

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/async/ChatRoomAction.java

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.async;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -35,12 +34,10 @@ public class ChatRoomAction extends ActionSupport {
 
     private static final List<String> messages = new ArrayList<>();
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setMessage(String message) {
         this.message = message;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setLastIndex(Integer lastIndex) {
         this.lastIndex = lastIndex;
     }
@@ -50,12 +47,15 @@ public class ChatRoomAction extends ActionSupport {
     }
 
     public Callable<String> receiveNewMessages() throws Exception {
-        return () -> {
-            while (lastIndex >= messages.size()) {
-                Thread.sleep(3000);
+        return new Callable<String>() {
+            @Override
+            public String call() throws Exception {
+                while (lastIndex >= messages.size()) {
+                    Thread.sleep(3000);
+                }
+                newMessages = messages.subList(lastIndex, messages.size());
+                return SUCCESS;
             }
-            newMessages = messages.subList(lastIndex, messages.size());
-            return SUCCESS;
         };
     }
 

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/ChatAuthenticationInterceptor.java

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.chat;
 
 
-import org.apache.struts2.action.Action;
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionContext;
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionInvocation;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/ChatInterceptor.java

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.chat;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.action.Action;
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionContext;
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionInvocation;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/ChatLoginAction.java

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.chat;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.action.SessionAware;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ public class ChatLoginAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware {
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
 	private ChatService chatService;
-	private Map<String, Object> session;
+	private Map session;
 
 	private String name;
 
@@ -43,7 +42,6 @@ public class ChatLoginAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware {
 		return this.name;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setName(String name) {
 		this.name = name;
 	}
@@ -62,8 +60,8 @@ public class ChatLoginAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware {
 	}
 
 
-    @Override
-    public void withSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
-        this.session = session;
-    }
+	// === SessionAware ===
+	public void setSession(Map session) {
+		this.session = session;
+	}
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/ChatLogoutAction.java

@@ -20,19 +20,18 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.chat;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.action.SessionAware;
-
 public class ChatLogoutAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware {
 
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
 	private ChatService chatService;
 
-	private Map<String, Object> session;
+	private Map session;
 
 
 	public ChatLogoutAction(ChatService chatService) {
@@ -51,8 +50,8 @@ public class ChatLogoutAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware {
 	}
 
 
-    @Override
-    public void withSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
-        this.session = session;
-    }
+	// === SessionAware ===
+	public void setSession(Map session) {
+		this.session = session;
+	}
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/ChatSessionListener.java

@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
 
-import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;
-import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
-import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
 
 public class ChatSessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {
 

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/CrudRoomAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.chat;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 public class CrudRoomAction extends ActionSupport {
 
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ public class CrudRoomAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return description;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setDescription(String description) {
 		this.description = description;
 	}
@@ -46,7 +44,6 @@ public class CrudRoomAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return name;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setName(String name) {
 		this.name = name;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/DateConverter.java

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.chat;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter;
-import org.apache.struts2.inject.Inject;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Inject;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.struts2.util.StrutsTypeConverter;

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/EnterRoomAction.java

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.chat;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.action.SessionAware;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -31,14 +30,13 @@ public class EnterRoomAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware {
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
 	private ChatService chatService;
-	private Map<String, Object> session;
+	private Map session;
 	private String roomName;
 
 	public String getRoomName() {
 		return this.roomName;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setRoomName(String roomName) {
 		this.roomName = roomName;
 	}
@@ -58,9 +56,10 @@ public class EnterRoomAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
 
-    @Override
-    public void withSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
-        this.session = session;
-    }
+
+	// === SessionAware ===
+	public void setSession(Map session) {
+		this.session = session;
+	}
 
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/ExitRoomAction.java

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.chat;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.action.SessionAware;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -32,13 +31,12 @@ public class ExitRoomAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware {
 
 	private String roomName;
 
-	private Map<String, Object> session;
+	private Map session;
 
 	public String getRoomName() {
 		return roomName;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setRoomName(String roomName) {
 		this.roomName = roomName;
 	}
@@ -56,9 +54,9 @@ public class ExitRoomAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
 
-    @Override
-    public void withSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
-        this.session = session;
-    }
+	// === SessionAware ===
+	public void setSession(Map session) {
+		this.session = session;
+	}
 
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/MessagesAvailableInRoomAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.chat;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -31,14 +30,13 @@ public class MessagesAvailableInRoomAction extends ActionSupport {
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
 	private String roomName;
-	private final ChatService chatService;
-	private List<ChatMessage> messagesAvailableInRoom = new ArrayList<>();
+	private ChatService chatService;
+	private List<ChatMessage> messagesAvailableInRoom = new ArrayList<ChatMessage>();
 
 	public String getRoomName() {
 		return this.roomName;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setRoomName(String roomName) {
 		this.roomName = roomName;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/RoomsAvailableAction.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.chat;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/SendMessageToRoomAction.java

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.chat;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.action.SessionAware;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -30,11 +29,11 @@ public class SendMessageToRoomAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAwa
 
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
-	private final ChatService chatService;
+	private ChatService chatService;
 
 	private String roomName;
 	private String message;
-	private Map<String, Object> session;
+	private Map session;
 
 
 	public SendMessageToRoomAction(ChatService chatService) {
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@ public class SendMessageToRoomAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAwa
 		return this.roomName;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setRoomName(String roomName) {
 		this.roomName = roomName;
 	}
@@ -54,12 +52,11 @@ public class SendMessageToRoomAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAwa
 		return this.message;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setMessage(String message) {
 		this.message = message;
 	}
 
-	@Override
+
 	public String execute() throws Exception {
 		User user = (User) session.get(ChatAuthenticationInterceptor.USER_SESSION_KEY);
 		try {
@@ -70,10 +67,9 @@ public class SendMessageToRoomAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAwa
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
 
-    @Override
-    public void withSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
-        this.session = session;
-    }
+	public void setSession(Map session) {
+		this.session = session;
+	}
 
 
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/UsersAvailableAction.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.chat;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/chat/UsersAvailableInRoomAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.chat;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -30,8 +29,8 @@ public class UsersAvailableInRoomAction extends ActionSupport {
 
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
-	private final ChatService chatService;
-	private List<User> usersAvailableInRoom = new ArrayList<>();
+	private ChatService chatService;
+	private List<User> usersAvailableInRoom = new ArrayList<User>();
 
 	private String roomName;
 
@@ -44,7 +43,6 @@ public class UsersAvailableInRoomAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return this.roomName;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setRoomName(String roomName) {
 		this.roomName = roomName;
 	}
@@ -53,7 +51,6 @@ public class UsersAvailableInRoomAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return usersAvailableInRoom;
 	}
 
-	@Override
 	public String execute() throws Exception {
 		try {
 			usersAvailableInRoom = chatService.getUsersAvailableInRoom(roomName);

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/conversion/AddressAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.conversion;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ import java.util.Set;
  */
 public class AddressAction extends ActionSupport {
 
-	private Set<Address> addresses = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+	private Set<Address> addresses = new LinkedHashSet<Address>();
 
 	public String input() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@ public class AddressAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter(depth = 2)
 	public Set<Address> getAddresses() {
 		return addresses;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/conversion/OperationsEnumAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.conversion;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ public class OperationsEnumAction extends ActionSupport {
 
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = -2229489704988870318L;
 
-	private List<OperationsEnum> selectedOperations = new LinkedList<>();
+	private List<OperationsEnum> selectedOperations = new LinkedList<OperationsEnum>();
 
 	public String input() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
@@ -48,11 +47,11 @@ public class OperationsEnumAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return this.selectedOperations;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setSelectedOperations(List<OperationsEnum> selectedOperations) {
 		this.selectedOperations = selectedOperations;
 	}
 
+
 	public List<OperationsEnum> getAvailableOperations() {
 		return Arrays.asList(OperationsEnum.values());
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/conversion/PersonAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.conversion;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ public class PersonAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter(depth = 2)
 	public List<Person> getPersons() {
 		return persons;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/filedownload/FileDownloadAction.java

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.filedownload;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.action.Action;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
 import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
 
 import java.io.InputStream;
 
@@ -39,7 +38,6 @@ public class FileDownloadAction implements Action {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setInputPath(String value) {
 		inputPath = sanitizeInputPath(value);
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/fileupload/FileUploadAction.java

@@ -20,76 +20,76 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.fileupload;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.action.UploadedFilesAware;
-import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.UploadedFile;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
-import java.util.List;
+import java.io.File;
 
 /**
  * Show case File Upload example's action. <code>FileUploadAction</code>
  */
-public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport implements UploadedFilesAware {
+public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport {
 
-    private String contentType;
-    private UploadedFile uploadedFile;
-    private String fileName;
-    private String caption;
-    private String originalName;
-    private String inputName;
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = 5156288255337069381L;
 
-    public String input() throws Exception {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
+	private String contentType;
+	private File upload;
+	private String fileName;
+	private String caption;
 
-    public String upload() throws Exception {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
+	public String input() throws Exception {
+		return SUCCESS;
+	}
 
-    public String getContentType() {
-        return contentType;
-    }
+	public String upload() throws Exception {
+		return SUCCESS;
+	}
 
-    public String getFileName() {
-        return fileName;
-    }
+	// since we are using <s:file name="upload" .../> the file name will be
+	// obtained through getter/setter of <file-tag-name>FileName
+	public String getUploadFileName() {
+		return fileName;
+	}
 
-    public String getOriginalName() {
-        return originalName;
-    }
+	public void setUploadFileName(String fileName) {
+		this.fileName = fileName;
+	}
 
-    public String getInputName() {
-        return inputName;
-    }
 
-    public Object getUploadedFile() {
-        return uploadedFile.getContent();
-    }
+	// since we are using <s:file name="upload" ... /> the content type will be
+	// obtained through getter/setter of <file-tag-name>ContentType
+	public String getUploadContentType() {
+		return contentType;
+	}
 
-    public String getCaption() {
-        return caption;
-    }
+	public void setUploadContentType(String contentType) {
+		this.contentType = contentType;
+	}
 
-    @StrutsParameter
-    public void setCaption(String caption) {
-        this.caption = caption;
-    }
 
-    public long getUploadSize() {
-        if (uploadedFile != null) {
-            return uploadedFile.length();
-        } else {
-            return 0;
+	// since we are using <s:file name="upload" ... /> the File itself will be
+	// obtained through getter/setter of <file-tag-name>
+	public File getUpload() {
+		return upload;
+	}
+
+	public void setUpload(File upload) {
+		this.upload = upload;
+	}
+
+
+	public String getCaption() {
+		return caption;
+	}
+
+	public void setCaption(String caption) {
+		this.caption = caption;
+	}
+
+        public long getUploadSize() {
+            if (upload != null) {
+                return upload.length();
+            } else {
+                return 0;
+            }
         }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void withUploadedFiles(List<UploadedFile> uploadedFiles) {
-        this.uploadedFile = uploadedFiles.get(0);
-        this.fileName = uploadedFile.getName();
-        this.contentType = uploadedFile.getContentType();
-        this.originalName = uploadedFile.getOriginalName();
-        this.inputName = uploadedFile.getInputName();
-    }
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/fileupload/MultipleFileUploadUsingArrayAction.java

@@ -21,56 +21,62 @@
 // START SNIPPET: entire-file
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.fileupload;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.action.UploadedFilesAware;
-import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.UploadedFile;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
-import java.util.List;
+import java.io.File;
 
 /**
- * Showcase action - multiple file upload using array.
+ * Showcase action - mutiple file upload using array.
+ *
+ * @version $Date$ $Id$
  */
-public class MultipleFileUploadUsingArrayAction extends ActionSupport implements UploadedFilesAware {
+public class MultipleFileUploadUsingArrayAction extends ActionSupport {
 
-    private List<UploadedFile> uploadedFiles;
+	private File[] uploads = new File[0];
+	private String[] uploadFileNames = new String[0];
+	private String[] uploadContentTypes = new String[0];
 
-    public List<UploadedFile> getUpload() {
-        return this.uploadedFiles;
-    }
 
-    public String upload() throws Exception {
-        System.out.println("\n\n upload2");
-        System.out.println("files:");
-        for (UploadedFile u : uploadedFiles) {
-            System.out.println("*** " + u + "\t" + u.length());
-        }
-        System.out.println("filenames:");
-        for (String n : getUploadFileNames()) {
-            System.out.println("*** " + n);
-        }
-        System.out.println("content types:");
-        for (String c : getUploadContentTypes()) {
-            System.out.println("*** " + c);
-        }
-        System.out.println("\n\n");
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
+	public String upload() throws Exception {
+		System.out.println("\n\n upload2");
+		System.out.println("files:");
+		for (File u : uploads) {
+			System.out.println("*** " + u + "\t" + u.length());
+		}
+		System.out.println("filenames:");
+		for (String n : uploadFileNames) {
+			System.out.println("*** " + n);
+		}
+		System.out.println("content types:");
+		for (String c : uploadContentTypes) {
+			System.out.println("*** " + c);
+		}
+		System.out.println("\n\n");
+		return SUCCESS;
+	}
 
-    @Override
-    public void withUploadedFiles(List<UploadedFile> uploadedFiles) {
-        this.uploadedFiles = uploadedFiles;
-    }
+	public File[] getUpload() {
+		return this.uploads;
+	}
 
-    private String[] getUploadFileNames() {
-        return this.uploadedFiles.stream()
-                .map(UploadedFile::getOriginalName)
-                .toArray(String[]::new);
-    }
+	public void setUpload(File[] upload) {
+		this.uploads = upload;
+	}
 
-    private String[] getUploadContentTypes() {
-        return this.uploadedFiles.stream()
-                .map(UploadedFile::getContentType)
-                .toArray(String[]::new);
-    }
+	public String[] getUploadFileName() {
+		return this.uploadFileNames;
+	}
 
+	public void setUploadFileName(String[] uploadFileName) {
+		this.uploadFileNames = uploadFileName;
+	}
+
+	public String[] getUploadContentType() {
+		return this.uploadContentTypes;
+	}
+
+	public void setUploadContentType(String[] uploadContentType) {
+		this.uploadContentTypes = uploadContentType;
+	}
 }
+// END SNIPPET: entire-file

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/fileupload/MultipleFileUploadUsingListAction.java

@@ -21,57 +21,65 @@
 // START SNIPPET: entire-file
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.fileupload;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.action.UploadedFilesAware;
-import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.UploadedFile;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
+import java.io.File;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 /**
  * Showcase action - multiple file upload using List
+ *
+ * @version $Date$ $Id$
  */
-public class MultipleFileUploadUsingListAction extends ActionSupport implements UploadedFilesAware {
+public class MultipleFileUploadUsingListAction extends ActionSupport {
 
-    private List<UploadedFile> uploads = new ArrayList<>();
+	private List<File> uploads = new ArrayList<>();
+	private List<String> uploadFileNames = new ArrayList<>();
+	private List<String> uploadContentTypes = new ArrayList<>();
 
-    public List<UploadedFile> getUpload() {
-        return this.uploads;
-    }
 
-    @Override
-    public void withUploadedFiles(List<UploadedFile> uploads) {
-        this.uploads = uploads;
-    }
+	public List<File> getUpload() {
+		return this.uploads;
+	}
 
-    private List<String> getUploadFileNames() {
-        return this.uploads.stream()
-                .map(UploadedFile::getOriginalName)
-                .collect(Collectors.toList());
-    }
+	public void setUpload(List<File> uploads) {
+		this.uploads = uploads;
+	}
 
-    private List<String> getUploadContentTypes() {
-        return this.uploads.stream()
-                .map(UploadedFile::getContentType)
-                .collect(Collectors.toList());
-    }
+	public List<String> getUploadFileName() {
+		return this.uploadFileNames;
+	}
 
-    public String upload() throws Exception {
-        System.out.println("\n\n upload1");
-        System.out.println("files:");
-        for (UploadedFile u : uploads) {
-            System.out.println("*** " + u + "\t" + u.length());
-        }
-        System.out.println("filenames:");
-        for (String n : getUploadFileNames()) {
-            System.out.println("*** " + n);
-        }
-        System.out.println("content types:");
-        for (String c : getUploadContentTypes()) {
-            System.out.println("*** " + c);
-        }
-        System.out.println("\n\n");
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-}
+	public void setUploadFileName(List<String> uploadFileNames) {
+		this.uploadFileNames = uploadFileNames;
+	}
+
+	public List<String> getUploadContentType() {
+		return this.uploadContentTypes;
+	}
+
+	public void setUploadContentType(List<String> contentTypes) {
+		this.uploadContentTypes = contentTypes;
+	}
+
+	public String upload() throws Exception {
+
+		System.out.println("\n\n upload1");
+		System.out.println("files:");
+		for (File u : uploads) {
+			System.out.println("*** " + u + "\t" + u.length());
+		}
+		System.out.println("filenames:");
+		for (String n : uploadFileNames) {
+			System.out.println("*** " + n);
+		}
+		System.out.println("content types:");
+		for (String c : uploadContentTypes) {
+			System.out.println("*** " + c);
+		}
+		System.out.println("\n\n");
+		return SUCCESS;
+	}
+}
+// END SNIPPET: entire-file

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/freemarker/CustomFreemarkerManager.java

@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.freemarker;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.util.ValueStack;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack;
 import org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager;
 import org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.ScopesHashModel;
 
-import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
-import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
 /**
  * <p>

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/freemarker/StandardTagsAction.java

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.freemarker;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.Preparable;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Preparable;
 
 import java.text.DateFormatSymbols;
 
@@ -35,7 +34,6 @@ public class StandardTagsAction extends ActionSupport implements Preparable {
 	private String[] gender;
 	private String[] months;
 
-	@Override
 	public void prepare() {
 		months = new DateFormatSymbols().getMonths();
 		name = StandardTagsAction.class.getName().substring(StandardTagsAction.class.getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
@@ -46,7 +44,6 @@ public class StandardTagsAction extends ActionSupport implements Preparable {
 		return name;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setName(String name) {
 		this.name = name;
 	}
@@ -55,16 +52,15 @@ public class StandardTagsAction extends ActionSupport implements Preparable {
 		return months;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setMonths(String[] months) {
 		this.months = months;
 	}
 
+
 	public String[] getGender() {
 		return gender;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setGender(String[] gender) {
 		this.gender = gender;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/hangman/GetUpdatedHangmanAction.java

@@ -20,17 +20,16 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.hangman;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.action.SessionAware;
-
 public class GetUpdatedHangmanAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware {
 
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = 5506025785406043027L;
 
-	private Map<String, Object> session;
+	private Map session;
 	private Hangman hangman;
 
 
@@ -46,6 +45,10 @@ public class GetUpdatedHangmanAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAwa
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
 
+	public void setSession(Map session) {
+		this.session = session;
+	}
+
 	public Hangman getHangman() {
 		return hangman;
 	}
@@ -53,9 +56,4 @@ public class GetUpdatedHangmanAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAwa
 	public void setHangman(Hangman hangman) {
 		this.hangman = hangman;
 	}
-
-    @Override
-    public void withSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
-        this.session = session;
-    }
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/hangman/GuessCharacterAction.java

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.hangman;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.action.SessionAware;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -30,11 +29,10 @@ public class GuessCharacterAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware
 
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = 9050915577007590674L;
 
-	private Map<String, Object> session;
+	private Map session;
 	private Character character;
 	private Hangman hangman;
 
-	@Override
 	public String execute() throws Exception {
 		hangman = (Hangman) session.get(HangmanConstants.HANGMAN_SESSION_KEY);
 		hangman.guess(character);
@@ -46,7 +44,10 @@ public class GuessCharacterAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware
 		return hangman;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
+	public void setSession(Map session) {
+		this.session = session;
+	}
+
 	public void setCharacter(Character character) {
 		this.character = character;
 	}
@@ -54,9 +55,4 @@ public class GuessCharacterAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware
 	public Character getCharacter() {
 		return this.character;
 	}
-
-    @Override
-    public void withSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
-        this.session = session;
-    }
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/hangman/Hangman.java

@@ -20,34 +20,40 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.hangman;
 
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
-
-import java.io.Serial;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 
 public class Hangman implements Serializable {
 
-	private static final Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(Hangman.class);
-
-	@Serial
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = 8566954355839652509L;
 
-	private final Vocab vocab;
+	private Vocab vocab;
 
 	private Boolean win = false;
 
 	private int guessLeft = 5;
-	public final List<Character> charactersAvailable;
+	public List<Character> charactersAvailable;
 	public List<Character> charactersGuessed;
 
 	public Hangman(Vocab vocab) {
-		charactersAvailable = new ArrayList<>(List.of(
-                'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M',
-				'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'));
-		charactersGuessed = new ArrayList<>();
+		// Arrays.asList(...) returns List that doesn't support remove(), hence
+		// we wrap it with an ArrayList to avoid UnsupportedOperationException
+		// when doing a remove()
+		charactersAvailable = new ArrayList<Character>(Arrays.asList(
+				new Character[]{
+						Character.valueOf('A'), Character.valueOf('B'), Character.valueOf('C'),
+						Character.valueOf('D'), Character.valueOf('E'), Character.valueOf('F'),
+						Character.valueOf('G'), Character.valueOf('H'), Character.valueOf('I'),
+						Character.valueOf('J'), Character.valueOf('K'), Character.valueOf('L'),
+						Character.valueOf('M'), Character.valueOf('N'), Character.valueOf('O'),
+						Character.valueOf('P'), Character.valueOf('Q'), Character.valueOf('R'),
+						Character.valueOf('S'), Character.valueOf('T'), Character.valueOf('U'),
+						Character.valueOf('V'), Character.valueOf('W'), Character.valueOf('X'),
+						Character.valueOf('Y'), Character.valueOf('Z')
+				}));
+		charactersGuessed = new ArrayList<Character>();
 		this.vocab = vocab;
 	}
 
@@ -69,8 +75,8 @@ public class Hangman implements Serializable {
 			}
 			if (vocab.containsAllCharacter(charactersGuessed)) {
 				win = true;
-				log.info("Game won");
 			}
+			System.out.println(" *********************************** " + win);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -92,7 +98,7 @@ public class Hangman implements Serializable {
 
 	public List<Character> getCharactersAvailable() {
 		synchronized (charactersAvailable) {
-			return new ArrayList<>(charactersAvailable);
+			return new ArrayList<Character>(charactersAvailable);
 			//return charactersAvailable;
 		}
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/hangman/StartHangmanAction.java

@@ -20,12 +20,11 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.hangman;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.action.SessionAware;
-
 import static org.apache.struts2.showcase.hangman.HangmanConstants.HANGMAN_SESSION_KEY;
 
 public class StartHangmanAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware {
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ public class StartHangmanAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware {
 
 	private HangmanService service;
 	private Hangman hangman;
-	private Map<String, Object> session;
+	private Map session;
 
 
 	public StartHangmanAction(HangmanService service) {
@@ -54,8 +53,8 @@ public class StartHangmanAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware {
 	}
 
 
-    @Override
-    public void withSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
-        this.session = session;
-    }
+	// === SessionAware ===
+	public void setSession(Map session) {
+		this.session = session;
+	}
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/hangman/Vocab.java

@@ -20,19 +20,17 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.hangman;
 
-import java.io.Serial;
 import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 
 public class Vocab implements Serializable {
 
-	@Serial
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
-	private final String vocab;
-	private final String hint;
+	private String vocab;
+	private String hint;
 	private Character[] characters; // character this vocab is made up of
 
 	public Vocab(String vocab, String hint) {
@@ -54,7 +52,7 @@ public class Vocab implements Serializable {
 	public Boolean containCharacter(Character character) {
 		assert (character != null);
 
-		return vocab.contains(character.toString());
+		return (vocab.contains(character.toString())) ? true : false;
 	}
 
 	public Character[] inCharacters() {
@@ -62,21 +60,32 @@ public class Vocab implements Serializable {
 			char[] c = vocab.toCharArray();
 			characters = new Character[c.length];
 			for (int a = 0; a < c.length; a++) {
-				characters[a] = c[a];
+				characters[a] = Character.valueOf(c[a]);
 			}
 		}
 		return characters;
 	}
 
 	public boolean containsAllCharacter(List<Character> charactersGuessed) {
-		return new HashSet<>(charactersGuessed).containsAll(Arrays.asList(inCharacters()));
+		Character[] chars = inCharacters();
+		List<Character> tmpChars = Arrays.asList(chars);
+		return charactersGuessed.containsAll(tmpChars);
 	}
 
-	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+	public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
 		Vocab v = new Vocab("JAVA", "a java word");
 
-		System.out.println(v.containsAllCharacter(List.of('J', 'V')));
-		System.out.println(v.containsAllCharacter(List.of('J', 'V', 'A')));
+		List<Character> list1 = new ArrayList<Character>();
+		list1.add(new Character('J'));
+		list1.add(new Character('V'));
+
+		List<Character> list2 = new ArrayList<Character>();
+		list2.add(new Character('J'));
+		list2.add(new Character('V'));
+		list2.add(new Character('A'));
+
+		System.out.println(v.containsAllCharacter(list1));
+		System.out.println(v.containsAllCharacter(list2));
 
 	}
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/modelDriven/Gangster.java

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  * specific language governing permissions and limitations
  * under the License.
  */
-package org.apache.struts2.showcase.modelDriven.model;
+package org.apache.struts2.showcase.modelDriven;
 
 import java.io.Serializable;
 

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/modelDriven/ModelDrivenAction.java

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.modelDriven;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.ModelDriven;
-import org.apache.struts2.showcase.modelDriven.model.Gangster;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
 
 /**
  * Action to demonstrate simple model-driven feature of the framework.
@@ -31,18 +30,15 @@ public class ModelDrivenAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven {
 
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1271130427666936592L;
 
-	@Override
 	public String input() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
 
-	@Override
 	public String execute() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
 
-	@Override
-	public Gangster getModel() {
+	public Object getModel() {
 		return new Gangster();
 	}
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/person/EditPersonAction.java

@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.person;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
 import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Results;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 
 /**
@@ -42,14 +42,13 @@ public class EditPersonAction extends ActionSupport {
 
 	@Autowired
 	private PersonManager personManager;
-	private List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<>();
+	private List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
 
 	/**
 	 * A default implementation that does nothing an returns "success".
 	 *
 	 * @return {@link #INPUT}
 	 */
-	@Override
 	public String execute() throws Exception {
 		persons.addAll(personManager.getPeople());
 		return INPUT;
@@ -69,7 +68,6 @@ public class EditPersonAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return "list";
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter(depth = 2)
 	public List<Person> getPersons() {
 		return persons;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/person/ListPeopleAction.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.person;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 
@@ -35,9 +35,8 @@ public class ListPeopleAction extends ActionSupport {
 	@Autowired
 	private PersonManager personManager;
 
-	private final List<Person> people = new ArrayList<>();
+	private List<Person> people = new ArrayList<Person>();
 
-	@Override
 	public String execute() {
 		people.addAll(personManager.getPeople());
 

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/person/NewPersonAction.java

@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.person;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
 import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Results;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 
 
@@ -39,14 +38,12 @@ public class NewPersonAction extends ActionSupport {
 	private PersonManager personManager;
 	private Person person;
 
-	@Override
 	public String execute() {
 		personManager.createPerson(person);
 
 		return "list";
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter(depth = 1)
 	public Person getPerson() {
 		return person;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/source/ViewSourceAction.java

@@ -20,12 +20,11 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.source;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.util.ClassLoaderUtil;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ClassLoaderUtil;
 import org.apache.struts2.action.ServletContextAware;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
 
-import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
@@ -99,9 +98,8 @@ public class ViewSourceAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletContextAwa
     /**
      * @param className the className to set
      */
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setClassName(String className) {
-        if (className != null && !className.trim().isEmpty()) {
+        if (className != null && className.trim().length() > 0) {
             this.className = className;
         }
     }
@@ -109,9 +107,8 @@ public class ViewSourceAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletContextAwa
     /**
      * @param config the config to set
      */
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setConfig(String config) {
-        if (config != null && !config.trim().isEmpty()) {
+        if (config != null && config.trim().length() > 0) {
             this.config = config;
         }
     }
@@ -119,9 +116,8 @@ public class ViewSourceAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletContextAwa
     /**
      * @param page the page to set
      */
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setPage(String page) {
-        if (page != null && !page.trim().isEmpty()) {
+        if (page != null && page.trim().length() > 0) {
             this.page = page;
         }
     }
@@ -129,7 +125,6 @@ public class ViewSourceAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletContextAwa
     /**
      * @param padding the padding to set
      */
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setPadding(int padding) {
         this.padding = padding;
     }
@@ -227,7 +222,6 @@ public class ViewSourceAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletContextAwa
         return snippet;
     }
 
-    @Override
     public void withServletContext(ServletContext arg0) {
         this.servletContext = arg0;
     }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/tag/nonui/actionPrefix/SubmitAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.tag.nonui.actionPrefix;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 public class SubmitAction extends ActionSupport {
 
@@ -33,12 +32,10 @@ public class SubmitAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return text;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setText(String text) {
 		this.text = text;
 	}
 
-	@Override
 	public String execute() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/tag/nonui/actiontag/ActionTagDemo.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.tag.nonui.actiontag;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 /**
  */

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/tag/nonui/debugtag/DebugTagAction.java

@@ -18,14 +18,13 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.tag.nonui.debugtag;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.PrepareOperations;
 
 public class DebugTagAction extends ActionSupport {
 
-    @Override
     public String execute() throws Exception {
         PrepareOperations.overrideDevMode(true); // Just for Showcase, explicitly switch on for this action only
         return SUCCESS;
     }
-}
+}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/tag/nonui/iteratortag/AppendIteratorTagDemo.java

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.tag.nonui.iteratortag;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.Validateable;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Validateable;
 
 /**
  *
@@ -48,25 +47,25 @@ public class AppendIteratorTagDemo extends ActionSupport implements Validateable
 		}
 	}
 
+
 	public String getIteratorValue1() {
 		return iteratorValue1;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setIteratorValue1(String iteratorValue1) {
 		this.iteratorValue1 = iteratorValue1;
 	}
 
+
 	public String getIteratorValue2() {
 		return iteratorValue2;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setIteratorValue2(String iteratorValue2) {
 		this.iteratorValue2 = iteratorValue2;
 	}
 
-	@Override
+
 	public String input() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/tag/nonui/iteratortag/IteratorGeneratorTagDemo.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.tag.nonui.iteratortag;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 /**
  */
@@ -38,34 +37,34 @@ public class IteratorGeneratorTagDemo extends ActionSupport {
 		return value;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setValue(String value) {
 		this.value = value;
 	}
 
+
 	public Integer getCount() {
 		return count;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setCount(Integer count) {
 		this.count = count;
 	}
 
+
 	public String getSeparator() {
 		return this.separator;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setSeparator(String separator) {
 		this.separator = separator;
 	}
 
+
 	public String submit() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
 
-	@Override
+
 	public String input() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/tag/nonui/iteratortag/MergeIteratorTagDemo.java

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.tag.nonui.iteratortag;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.Validateable;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Validateable;
 
 
 /**
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ public class MergeIteratorTagDemo extends ActionSupport implements Validateable
 	private String iteratorValue1;
 	private String iteratorValue2;
 
-	@Override
+
 	public void validate() {
 		if (iteratorValue1 == null || iteratorValue1.trim().length() <= 0) {
 			addFieldError("iteratorValue1", "iterator value 1 cannot be empty");
@@ -48,25 +47,25 @@ public class MergeIteratorTagDemo extends ActionSupport implements Validateable
 		}
 	}
 
+
 	public String getIteratorValue1() {
 		return this.iteratorValue1;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setIteratorValue1(String iteratorValue1) {
 		this.iteratorValue1 = iteratorValue1;
 	}
 
+
 	public String getIteratorValue2() {
 		return this.iteratorValue2;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setIteratorValue2(String iteratorValue2) {
 		this.iteratorValue2 = iteratorValue2;
 	}
 
-	@Override
+
 	public String input() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/tag/nonui/iteratortag/SubsetIteratorTagDemo.java

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.tag.nonui.iteratortag;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.Validateable;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Validateable;
 
 /**
  *
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ public class SubsetIteratorTagDemo extends ActionSupport implements Validateable
 	private Integer count;
 	private Integer start;
 
-	@Override
+
 	public void validate() {
 		if (iteratorValue == null || iteratorValue.trim().length() <= 0) {
 			addFieldError("iteratorValue1", "iterator value 1 cannot be empty");
@@ -44,34 +43,34 @@ public class SubsetIteratorTagDemo extends ActionSupport implements Validateable
 		}
 	}
 
+
 	public String getIteratorValue() {
 		return this.iteratorValue;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setIteratorValue(String iteratorValue) {
 		this.iteratorValue = iteratorValue;
 	}
 
+
 	public Integer getCount() {
 		return this.count;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setCount(Integer count) {
 		this.count = count;
 	}
 
+
 	public Integer getStart() {
 		return this.start;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setStart(Integer start) {
 		this.start = start;
 	}
 
-	@Override
+
 	public String input() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
@@ -79,4 +78,6 @@ public class SubsetIteratorTagDemo extends ActionSupport implements Validateable
 	public String submit() throws Exception {
 		return SUCCESS;
 	}
+
+
 }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/tiles/TilesAnnotationsAction.java

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
 import org.apache.struts2.tiles.annotation.TilesDefinition;
 import org.apache.struts2.tiles.annotation.TilesPutAttribute;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 @Namespace("/tiles")
 @ParentPackage("tiles")

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/token/TokenAction.java

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.token;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionContext;
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 import java.util.Date;
 
@@ -77,7 +76,6 @@ public class TokenAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return amount;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setAmount(int amount) {
 		this.amount = amount;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/validation/AbstractValidationActionSupport.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.validation;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 /**
  */
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractValidationActionSupport extends ActionSupport {
 		return "success";
 	}
 
-	@Override
 	public String input() throws Exception {
 		return "input";
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/validation/AjaxFormSubmitAction.java

@@ -18,19 +18,18 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.validation;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.validator.annotations.DateRangeFieldValidator;
-import org.apache.struts2.validator.annotations.EmailValidator;
-import org.apache.struts2.validator.annotations.FieldExpressionValidator;
-import org.apache.struts2.validator.annotations.IntRangeFieldValidator;
-import org.apache.struts2.validator.annotations.RegexFieldValidator;
-import org.apache.struts2.validator.annotations.RequiredFieldValidator;
-import org.apache.struts2.validator.annotations.RequiredStringValidator;
-import org.apache.struts2.validator.annotations.StringLengthFieldValidator;
-import org.apache.struts2.validator.annotations.UrlValidator;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
-
 import java.sql.Date;
 
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.DateRangeFieldValidator;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.EmailValidator;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.FieldExpressionValidator;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.IntRangeFieldValidator;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.RegexFieldValidator;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.RequiredFieldValidator;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.RequiredStringValidator;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.StringLengthFieldValidator;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.UrlValidator;
+
 /**
  * <!-- START SNIPPET: ajaxFormSubmit -->
  * Example Action that shows how forms can be validated and submitted via AJAX
@@ -73,10 +72,9 @@ public class AjaxFormSubmitAction extends AbstractValidationActionSupport {
     }
 
     @DateRangeFieldValidator(
-        min="01/01/1990",
-        max="01/01/2000",
+        min="01/01/1990", 
+        max="01/01/2000", 
         message="must be a min 01-01-1990 max 01-01-2000 if supplied")
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setDateValidatorField(Date dateValidatorField) {
         this.dateValidatorField = dateValidatorField;
     }
@@ -86,7 +84,6 @@ public class AjaxFormSubmitAction extends AbstractValidationActionSupport {
     }
 
     @EmailValidator(message="must be a valid email if supplied")
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setEmailValidatorField(String emailValidatorField) {
         this.emailValidatorField = emailValidatorField;
     }
@@ -96,7 +93,6 @@ public class AjaxFormSubmitAction extends AbstractValidationActionSupport {
     }
 
     @IntRangeFieldValidator(min="1", max="10", message="must be integer min 1 max 10 if supplied")
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setIntegerValidatorField(Integer integerValidatorField) {
         this.integerValidatorField = integerValidatorField;
     }
@@ -106,9 +102,8 @@ public class AjaxFormSubmitAction extends AbstractValidationActionSupport {
     }
 
     @RegexFieldValidator(
-        regex="[^<>]+",
+        regex="[^<>]+", 
         message="regexValidatorField must match a regexp (.*\\.txt) if specified")
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setRegexValidatorField(String regexValidatorField) {
         this.regexValidatorField = regexValidatorField;
     }
@@ -118,7 +113,6 @@ public class AjaxFormSubmitAction extends AbstractValidationActionSupport {
     }
 
     @RequiredStringValidator(trim=true, message="required and must be string")
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setRequiredStringValidatorField(String requiredStringValidatorField) {
         this.requiredStringValidatorField = requiredStringValidatorField;
     }
@@ -128,7 +122,6 @@ public class AjaxFormSubmitAction extends AbstractValidationActionSupport {
     }
 
     @RequiredFieldValidator(message="required")
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setRequiredValidatorField(String requiredValidatorField) {
         this.requiredValidatorField = requiredValidatorField;
     }
@@ -138,11 +131,10 @@ public class AjaxFormSubmitAction extends AbstractValidationActionSupport {
     }
 
     @StringLengthFieldValidator(
-        minLength="2",
-        maxLength="4",
-        trim=true,
+        minLength="2", 
+        maxLength="4", 
+        trim=true, 
         message="must be a String of a specific greater than 1 less than 5 if specified")
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setStringLengthValidatorField(String stringLengthValidatorField) {
         this.stringLengthValidatorField = stringLengthValidatorField;
     }
@@ -152,10 +144,10 @@ public class AjaxFormSubmitAction extends AbstractValidationActionSupport {
     }
 
 	@FieldExpressionValidator(
-        expression = "(fieldExpressionValidatorField == requiredValidatorField)",
+        expression = "(fieldExpressionValidatorField == requiredValidatorField)", 
         message = "must be the same as the Required Validator Field if specified")
-    @StrutsParameter
-    public void setFieldExpressionValidatorField(String fieldExpressionValidatorField) {
+    public void setFieldExpressionValidatorField(
+            String fieldExpressionValidatorField) {
         this.fieldExpressionValidatorField = fieldExpressionValidatorField;
     }
 
@@ -164,7 +156,6 @@ public class AjaxFormSubmitAction extends AbstractValidationActionSupport {
     }
 
     @UrlValidator(message="must be a valid url if supplied")
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setUrlValidatorField(String urlValidatorField) {
         this.urlValidatorField = urlValidatorField;
     }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/validation/BeanValidationExampleAction.java

@@ -20,24 +20,23 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.validation;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 import org.apache.struts.beanvalidation.constraints.FieldMatch;
 import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
 import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Namespace;
 import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage;
 import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
 import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.SkipValidation;
 import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.ScriptAssert;
 import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.URL;
 
-import jakarta.validation.constraints.Email;
-import jakarta.validation.constraints.Max;
-import jakarta.validation.constraints.Min;
-import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
-import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
-import jakarta.validation.constraints.Pattern;
-import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;
+import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
+import javax.validation.constraints.Max;
+import javax.validation.constraints.Min;
+import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
+import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import javax.validation.constraints.Pattern;
+import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
 import java.util.Date;
 
 // <!-- START SNIPPET: beanValidationExample -->
@@ -96,7 +95,6 @@ public class BeanValidationExampleAction extends ActionSupport {
         return dateValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setDateValidatorField(Date dateValidatorField) {
         this.dateValidatorField = dateValidatorField;
     }
@@ -105,7 +103,6 @@ public class BeanValidationExampleAction extends ActionSupport {
         return emailValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setEmailValidatorField(String emailValidatorField) {
         this.emailValidatorField = emailValidatorField;
     }
@@ -114,7 +111,6 @@ public class BeanValidationExampleAction extends ActionSupport {
         return integerValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setIntegerValidatorField(Integer integerValidatorField) {
         this.integerValidatorField = integerValidatorField;
     }
@@ -123,7 +119,6 @@ public class BeanValidationExampleAction extends ActionSupport {
         return regexValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setRegexValidatorField(String regexValidatorField) {
         this.regexValidatorField = regexValidatorField;
     }
@@ -132,7 +127,6 @@ public class BeanValidationExampleAction extends ActionSupport {
         return requiredStringValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setRequiredStringValidatorField(String requiredStringValidatorField) {
         this.requiredStringValidatorField = requiredStringValidatorField;
     }
@@ -141,7 +135,6 @@ public class BeanValidationExampleAction extends ActionSupport {
         return requiredValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setRequiredValidatorField(String requiredValidatorField) {
         this.requiredValidatorField = requiredValidatorField;
     }
@@ -150,7 +143,6 @@ public class BeanValidationExampleAction extends ActionSupport {
         return stringLengthValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setStringLengthValidatorField(String stringLengthValidatorField) {
         this.stringLengthValidatorField = stringLengthValidatorField;
     }
@@ -159,8 +151,8 @@ public class BeanValidationExampleAction extends ActionSupport {
         return fieldExpressionValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
-    public void setFieldExpressionValidatorField(String fieldExpressionValidatorField) {
+    public void setFieldExpressionValidatorField(
+        String fieldExpressionValidatorField) {
         this.fieldExpressionValidatorField = fieldExpressionValidatorField;
     }
 
@@ -168,7 +160,6 @@ public class BeanValidationExampleAction extends ActionSupport {
         return urlValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setUrlValidatorField(String urlValidatorField) {
         this.urlValidatorField = urlValidatorField;
     }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/validation/FieldValidatorsExampleAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.validation;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
-
 import java.sql.Date;
 
 /**
@@ -46,7 +44,6 @@ public class FieldValidatorsExampleAction extends AbstractValidationActionSuppor
         return dateValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setDateValidatorField(Date dateValidatorField) {
         this.dateValidatorField = dateValidatorField;
     }
@@ -55,7 +52,6 @@ public class FieldValidatorsExampleAction extends AbstractValidationActionSuppor
         return emailValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setEmailValidatorField(String emailValidatorField) {
         this.emailValidatorField = emailValidatorField;
     }
@@ -64,7 +60,6 @@ public class FieldValidatorsExampleAction extends AbstractValidationActionSuppor
         return integerValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setIntegerValidatorField(Integer integerValidatorField) {
         this.integerValidatorField = integerValidatorField;
     }
@@ -73,7 +68,6 @@ public class FieldValidatorsExampleAction extends AbstractValidationActionSuppor
         return regexValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setRegexValidatorField(String regexValidatorField) {
         this.regexValidatorField = regexValidatorField;
     }
@@ -82,7 +76,6 @@ public class FieldValidatorsExampleAction extends AbstractValidationActionSuppor
         return requiredStringValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setRequiredStringValidatorField(String requiredStringValidatorField) {
         this.requiredStringValidatorField = requiredStringValidatorField;
     }
@@ -91,7 +84,6 @@ public class FieldValidatorsExampleAction extends AbstractValidationActionSuppor
         return requiredValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setRequiredValidatorField(String requiredValidatorField) {
         this.requiredValidatorField = requiredValidatorField;
     }
@@ -100,7 +92,6 @@ public class FieldValidatorsExampleAction extends AbstractValidationActionSuppor
         return stringLengthValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setStringLengthValidatorField(String stringLengthValidatorField) {
         this.stringLengthValidatorField = stringLengthValidatorField;
     }
@@ -109,7 +100,6 @@ public class FieldValidatorsExampleAction extends AbstractValidationActionSuppor
         return fieldExpressionValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setFieldExpressionValidatorField(
             String fieldExpressionValidatorField) {
         this.fieldExpressionValidatorField = fieldExpressionValidatorField;
@@ -119,7 +109,6 @@ public class FieldValidatorsExampleAction extends AbstractValidationActionSuppor
         return urlValidatorField;
     }
 
-    @StrutsParameter
     public void setUrlValidatorField(String urlValidatorField) {
         this.urlValidatorField = urlValidatorField;
     }

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/validation/NonFieldValidatorsExampleAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.validation;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
-
 /**
  */
 
@@ -39,7 +37,6 @@ public class NonFieldValidatorsExampleAction extends AbstractValidationActionSup
 		return someText;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setSomeText(String someText) {
 		this.someText = someText;
 	}
@@ -48,7 +45,6 @@ public class NonFieldValidatorsExampleAction extends AbstractValidationActionSup
 		return someTextRetype;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setSomeTextRetype(String someTextRetype) {
 		this.someTextRetype = someTextRetype;
 	}
@@ -57,7 +53,6 @@ public class NonFieldValidatorsExampleAction extends AbstractValidationActionSup
 		return someTextRetypeAgain;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setSomeTextRetypeAgain(String someTextRetypeAgain) {
 		this.someTextRetypeAgain = someTextRetypeAgain;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/validation/QuizAction.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.validation;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 /**
  */
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ public class QuizAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return name;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setName(String name) {
 		this.name = name;
 	}
@@ -49,7 +47,6 @@ public class QuizAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return age;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setAge(int age) {
 		this.age = age;
 	}
@@ -58,7 +55,6 @@ public class QuizAction extends ActionSupport {
 		return answer;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setAnswer(String answer) {
 		this.answer = answer;
 	}

apps/showcase/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/showcase/validation/SubmitApplication.java

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.struts2.showcase.validation;
 
-import org.apache.struts2.ActionSupport;
-import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.parameter.StrutsParameter;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
 /**
  * @version $Date$ $Id$
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@ public class SubmitApplication extends ActionSupport {
 	private String name;
 	private Integer age;
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setName(String name) {
 		this.name = name;
 	}
@@ -40,7 +38,6 @@ public class SubmitApplication extends ActionSupport {
 		return this.name;
 	}
 
-	@StrutsParameter
 	public void setAge(Integer age) {
 		this.age = age;
 	}