Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/eugenp/tutorials

core-java-modules/core-java-10/README.md

@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ This module contains articles about Java 10 core features
 - [Deep Dive Into the New Java JIT Compiler – Graal](https://www.baeldung.com/graal-java-jit-compiler)
 - [Copying Sets in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-copy-sets)
 - [Converting between a List and a Set in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/convert-list-to-set-and-set-to-list)
+- [Java IndexOutOfBoundsException “Source Does Not Fit in Dest”](https://www.baeldung.com/java-indexoutofboundsexception)

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/README.md

@@ -4,3 +4,5 @@
 - [IllegalArgumentException or NullPointerException for a Null Parameter?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-illegalargumentexception-or-nullpointerexception)
 - [IllegalMonitorStateException in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-illegalmonitorstateexception)
 - [AbstractMethodError in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-abstractmethoderror)
+- [Java IndexOutOfBoundsException “Source Does Not Fit in Dest”](https://www.baeldung.com/java-indexoutofboundsexception)
+- [Localizing Exception Messages in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-localize-exception-messages)

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemo {
+    static List<Integer> copyList(List<Integer> source) {
+        List<Integer> destination =  new ArrayList<>();
+
+        destination.addAll(source);
+
+        return destination;
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemo {
+    static void copyList(List<Integer> source, List<Integer> destination) {
+        Collections.copy(destination, source);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingConstructorDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class CopyListUsingConstructorDemo {
+    static List<Integer> copyList(List<Integer> source) {
+        return new ArrayList<>(source);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public class CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemo {
+    static List<Integer> copyList(List<Integer> source) {
+        return source
+                .stream()
+                .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemo {
+    static List<Integer> copyList(List<Integer> source) {
+        List<Integer> destination = new ArrayList<>(source.size());
+        Collections.copy(destination, source);
+        return destination;
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/LocalizedException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.localization;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+public class LocalizedException extends Exception {
+    
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    private final String messageKey;
+    private final Locale locale;
+
+    public LocalizedException(String messageKey) {
+        this(messageKey, Locale.getDefault());
+    }
+
+    public LocalizedException(String messageKey, Locale locale) {
+        this.messageKey = messageKey;
+        this.locale = locale;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return a localized message based on the messageKey provided at instantiation.
+     */
+    public String getMessage() {
+
+        /*
+         * This is a deliberate role reversal of the default implementation of getLocalizedMessage.
+         * some logging frameworks like Log4J 1 & 2 and Logback will use getMessage instead of
+         * getLocalizedMessage when logging Throwables. If we want to use these frameworks in client
+         * applications to log localized messages, then we'll need to override getMessage in a
+         * similar fashion to return the appropriate content.  Or, you can call getLocalizedMessage
+         * on your own to create the log content.
+         */
+        return getLocalizedMessage();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return a localized message based on the messageKey provided at instantiation.
+     */
+    public String getLocalizedMessage() {
+
+        /*
+         * java.util.logging uses getLocalizedMessage when logging Throwables.
+         */
+        return Messages.getMessageForLocale(messageKey, locale);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/Messages.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.localization;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.ResourceBundle;
+
+public class Messages {
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the value for the messageKey from the locale-specific messages.properties, or from
+     * the base messages.properties for unsupported locales.
+     *
+     * @param messageKey The key for the message in the messages.properties ResourceBundle.
+     * @param locale The locale to search the message key.
+     * @return The value defined for the messageKey in the provided locale.
+     */
+    public static String getMessageForLocale(String messageKey, Locale locale) {
+
+        /*
+         * For more complex implementations, you will want a var-args parameter for MessageFormat
+         * substitutions. Then we can read the value from the bundle and pass the value with the
+         * substitutions to MessageFormat to create the final message value.
+         */
+        return ResourceBundle.getBundle("messages", locale)
+            .getString(messageKey);
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/resources/messages.properties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+message.exception = I am an exception.

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/main/resources/messages_fr.properties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+message.exception = Je suis une exception.

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemoUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemoUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void whenPassValidArrayList_thenCopyListUsingAddAllMethod() {
+        List<Integer> source = Arrays.asList(11, 22, 33);
+
+        assertEquals(source, CopyListUsingAddAllMethodDemo.copyList(source));
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemoUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+public class CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemoUnitTest {
+    @Test
+    void whenCopyListUsingCollectionsCopy_thenOverrideAllDestinationListValues() {
+        List<Integer> source = Arrays.asList(11, 22, 33);
+        List<Integer> destination = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3);
+
+        CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemo.copyList(source, destination);
+
+        assertEquals(source, destination);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenCopyListUsingCollectionsCopy_thenOverrideInitialDestinationValuesAndOthersShouldBeUnchanged(){
+        List<Integer> source = Arrays.asList(11, 22, 33);
+        List<Integer> destination = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+        List<Integer> expectedList = Arrays.asList(11, 22, 33, 4, 5);
+
+        CopyListUsingCollectionsCopyMethodDemo.copyList(source, destination);
+
+        assertEquals(expectedList, destination);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingConstructorDemoUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class CopyListUsingConstructorDemoUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void whenCopyListUsingConstructor_thenMakeACopyOfList() {
+        List<Integer> source = Arrays.asList(11, 22, 33);
+
+        assertEquals(source, CopyListUsingConstructorDemo.copyList(source));
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemoUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemoUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void whenCopyListUsingStream_thenMakeACopyOfArrayList() {
+        List<Integer> source = Arrays.asList(11, 22, 33);
+
+        assertEquals(source, CopyListUsingJava8StreamDemo.copyList(source));
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exception/indexoutofbounds/IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemoUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.exception.indexoutofbounds;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+
+class IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemoUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void givenDestinationArrayListSizeIsZero_whenCopySourceArrayListToDestination_thenShouldThrowIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
+        List<Integer> source = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+
+        assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemo.copyList(source));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenSourceAndDestinationListSizeIsEqual_whenCopySourceArrayListToDestination_thenShouldNotThrowIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
+        List<Integer> source = Collections.emptyList();
+
+        assertEquals(source, IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionDemo.copyList(source));
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/LocalizedExceptionUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.localization;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class LocalizedExceptionUnitTest {
+
+    private Locale originalDefaultLocale;
+
+    @Before
+    public void saveOriginalDefaultLocale() {
+        originalDefaultLocale = Locale.getDefault();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void restoreOriginalDefaultLocale() {
+        Locale.setDefault(originalDefaultLocale);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenUsEnglishDefaultLocale_whenLocalizingMessage_thenMessageComesFromDefaultMessages() {
+        Locale.setDefault(Locale.US);
+
+        LocalizedException localizedException = new LocalizedException("message.exception");
+        String usEnglishLocalizedExceptionMessage = localizedException.getLocalizedMessage();
+
+        assertThat(usEnglishLocalizedExceptionMessage).isEqualTo("I am an exception.");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenFranceFrenchDefaultLocale_whenLocalizingMessage_thenMessageComesFromFrenchTranslationMessages() {
+        Locale.setDefault(Locale.FRANCE);
+
+        LocalizedException localizedException = new LocalizedException("message.exception");
+        String franceFrenchLocalizedExceptionMessage = localizedException.getLocalizedMessage();
+
+        assertThat(franceFrenchLocalizedExceptionMessage).isEqualTo("Je suis une exception.");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenUsEnglishProvidedLocale_whenLocalizingMessage_thenMessageComesFromDefaultMessage() {
+        LocalizedException localizedException = new LocalizedException("message.exception", Locale.US);
+        String usEnglishLocalizedExceptionMessage = localizedException.getLocalizedMessage();
+
+        assertThat(usEnglishLocalizedExceptionMessage).isEqualTo("I am an exception.");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenFranceFrenchProvidedLocale_whenLocalizingMessage_thenMessageComesFromFrenchTranslationMessages() {
+        LocalizedException localizedException = new LocalizedException("message.exception", Locale.FRANCE);
+        String franceFrenchLocalizedExceptionMessage = localizedException.getLocalizedMessage();
+
+        assertThat(franceFrenchLocalizedExceptionMessage).isEqualTo("Je suis une exception.");
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-exceptions-3/src/test/java/com/baeldung/exceptions/localization/MessagesUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.exceptions.localization;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class MessagesUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenUsEnglishLocale_whenRetrievingMessage_thenEnglishTranslationIsReturned() {
+        String translatedMessage = Messages.getMessageForLocale("message.exception", Locale.US);
+
+        assertThat(translatedMessage).isEqualTo("I am an exception.");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenFranceFrenchLocale_whenRetrievingMessage_thenFrenchTranslationIsReturned() {
+        String translatedMessage = Messages.getMessageForLocale("message.exception", Locale.FRANCE);
+
+        assertThat(translatedMessage).isEqualTo("Je suis une exception.");
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-functional/README.md

@@ -1 +1,3 @@
 ## Relevant articles:
+
+- [Functional Programming in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-functional-programming)

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-3/README.md

@@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ This module contains articles about core features in the Java language
 - [Checking if a Class Exists in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-check-class-exists)
 - [The Difference Between a.getClass() and A.class in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-getclass-vs-class)
 - [Constants in Java: Patterns and Anti-Patterns](https://www.baeldung.com/java-constants-good-practices)
+- [The transient Keyword in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-transient-keyword)
 - [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-lang-2)

core-java-modules/core-java-lang-oop-types/README.md

@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@ This module contains articles about types in Java
 - [Attaching Values to Java Enum](https://www.baeldung.com/java-enum-values)
 - [A Guide to Java Enums](https://www.baeldung.com/a-guide-to-java-enums)
 - [Determine if an Object is of Primitive Type](https://www.baeldung.com/java-object-primitive-type)
+- [Extending Enums in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-extending-enums)

core-java-modules/core-java-string-operations-3/README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 ### Relevant Articles:
 
 - [Version Comparison in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-comparing-versions)
+- [Java (String) or .toString()?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-casting-vs-tostring)

core-kotlin-modules/core-kotlin-concurrency/src/main/kotlin/com/baeldung/channels/BufferedChannel.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.channles
+package com.baeldung.channels
 
 import kotlinx.coroutines.cancelChildren
 import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.Channel

core-kotlin-modules/core-kotlin-concurrency/src/main/kotlin/com/baeldung/channels/ConflatedChannel.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.channles
+package com.baeldung.channels
 
 import kotlinx.coroutines.cancelChildren
 import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.Channel

core-kotlin-modules/core-kotlin-concurrency/src/main/kotlin/com/baeldung/channels/PizzaPipeline.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-package com.baeldung.channles
+package com.baeldung.channels
 
-import com.baeldung.channles.OrderStatus.*
+import com.baeldung.channels.OrderStatus.*
 import kotlinx.coroutines.*
 import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.ReceiveChannel
 import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.produce

core-kotlin-modules/core-kotlin-concurrency/src/main/kotlin/com/baeldung/channels/ProducerConsumer.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.channles
+package com.baeldung.channels
 
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.ExperimentalCoroutinesApi

core-kotlin-modules/core-kotlin-concurrency/src/main/kotlin/com/baeldung/channels/RendezvousChannel.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.channles
+package com.baeldung.channels
 
 import kotlinx.coroutines.*
 import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.Channel

core-kotlin-modules/core-kotlin-concurrency/src/main/kotlin/com/baeldung/channels/SeveralProducersOneConsumer.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.channles
+package com.baeldung.channels
 
 import kotlinx.coroutines.cancelChildren
 import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.Channel

core-kotlin-modules/core-kotlin-concurrency/src/main/kotlin/com/baeldung/channels/SingleProducerSeveralConsumers.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.channles
+package com.baeldung.channels
 
 import kotlinx.coroutines.*
 import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.ReceiveChannel

core-kotlin-modules/core-kotlin-concurrency/src/main/kotlin/com/baeldung/channels/TickerChannel.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.baeldung.channles
+package com.baeldung.channels
 
 import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.ticker
 import kotlinx.coroutines.delay